互聯(lián)網(wǎng)+護理服務(wù) Internet Plus nursing services

國家衛(wèi)生健康委員會發(fā)布《“互聯(lián)網(wǎng)+護理服務(wù)”試點工作方案》，確定在北京市、天津市、上海市、江蘇省、浙江省、廣東省6省市進行“互聯(lián)網(wǎng)+護理服務(wù)”試點，試點時間為2019年2月至12月。

According to the announcement, Internet Plus nursing services will be an online system that will enable discharged patients and elderly or disabled people to call registered nurses to visit them at home and provide nursing services.
方案指出，“互聯(lián)網(wǎng)+護理服務(wù)”是供康復(fù)期患者或失能老人聯(lián)系注冊護士上門提供護理服務(wù)的一個在線平臺。

服務(wù)對象是誰？

方案提到，“互聯(lián)網(wǎng)+護理服務(wù)（Internet Plus nursing services）”重點對高齡或失能老年人（elderly or disabled people）、康復(fù)期患者（convalescents）和終末期患者（terminally ill patients）等行動不便的人群，提供慢病管理（chronic care management）、康復(fù)護理（rehabilitation nursing）、專項護理（specific care）、健康教育（health education）、安寧療護（hospice care）等方面的護理服務(wù)。

“互聯(lián)網(wǎng)+護理服務(wù)”的護士需具備什么條件？

方案明確，派出的注冊護士應(yīng)當至少具備五年以上臨床護理工作經(jīng)驗（registered nurses sent by pilot medical institutions should have at least five years of clinical nursing service experience）和護師（nurse practitioner）以上技術(shù)職稱，能夠在全國護士電子注冊系統(tǒng)中查詢。

安全保障措施

方案提出，試點醫(yī)療機構(gòu)或互聯(lián)網(wǎng)信息技術(shù)平臺應(yīng)當按照協(xié)議要求，為護士提供手機APP定位追蹤系統(tǒng)，配置護理工作記錄儀（nursing work recorder），使服務(wù)行為全程留痕可追溯（traceable），配備一鍵報警裝置（one-click alarm device），購買責任險、醫(yī)療意外險和人身意外險等。要建立醫(yī)療糾紛和風險防范機制（medical dispute and risk prevention mechanism），制訂應(yīng)急處置預(yù)案。同時，暢通投訴、評議渠道，接受社會監(jiān)督（open to public supervision），維護群眾健康權(quán)益。

去年，不少地區(qū)就已經(jīng)出現(xiàn)“共享護士（nurse sharing）”服務(wù)，操作方式與其他共享類服務(wù)app相似，也是線上預(yù)約（making appointment online），線下服務(wù)（offering service offline），提供上門打針輸液（injection and IV）、靜脈采血（blood draw）、外科傷口換藥（wound dressing change）、灌腸（coloclysis）、吸痰導尿（aspiration of sputum and urethral catheterization）、鼻飼（nasal feeding）護理及指導等10多項服務(wù)。

不過，業(yè)內(nèi)人士表示，護士上門的行業(yè)標準缺乏、風險規(guī)避制度尚無，對護士以及病人而言，都沒有保障。行業(yè)準入標準和法律監(jiān)管亟待跟進，保障新醫(yī)療模式健康發(fā)展。

國家衛(wèi)健委開展“互聯(lián)網(wǎng)+護理服務(wù)”試點工作，將在總結(jié)試點經(jīng)驗的基礎(chǔ)上，加快完善相關(guān)政策。

珠峰大本營 Mount Qomolangma base camp

西藏自治區(qū)有關(guān)部門表示，西藏珠穆朗瑪峰國家級自然保護區(qū)將繼續(xù)有條件開放，依法合規(guī)的登山活動仍可進行，網(wǎng)傳“珠峰景區(qū)永久關(guān)閉”消息不實。

Kelsang, deputy director with the reserve's administration, said ordinary tourists are allowed to visit areas around Rongpo Monastery, 5,150 meters above sea level.
珠峰管理局副局長格桑稱，普通游客可以在海拔5150米的絨布寺周邊游覽。

As for travelers who have a climbing permit, they can go to the base camp at an altitude of 5,200 meters.
有登山許可證的游客可以前往海拔5200米的珠峰大本營。

珠穆朗瑪峰國家級自然保護區(qū)（Mount Qomolangma National Nature Reserve）于1988年設(shè)立，涉及西藏日喀則市定日、聶拉木、吉隆和定結(jié)四縣，總面積3.38萬平方公里，位于中國境內(nèi)及中尼邊界上的五座海拔8000米以上山峰均在區(qū)內(nèi)。

根據(jù)《中華人民共和國自然保護區(qū)條例》，自然保護區(qū)分為核心區(qū)（core zone）、緩沖區(qū)（buffer zone）和實驗區(qū)（experimental zone）?！稐l例》中表述：核心區(qū)“禁止任何單位和個人進入；除依照本條例第二十七條的規(guī)定經(jīng)批準外，也不允許進入從事科學研究活動”。

2018年，珠峰保護區(qū)功能分區(qū)重新調(diào)整并獲國務(wù)院批準。調(diào)整后，屬實驗區(qū)的絨布寺一帶依據(jù)《條例》可以進入從事科學試驗（scientific experiments）、教學實習（teaching and practicing）、參觀考察（visit and inspection）、旅游（travel）等活動。絨布寺以上區(qū)域為珠峰保護區(qū)核心區(qū)。

2018年12月，定日縣珠峰管理局發(fā)布通告，禁止任何單位和個人進入珠峰國家級自然保護區(qū)絨布寺以上核心區(qū)旅游。

多年來，大批登山者前來挑戰(zhàn)極限，以至于山上遺留了大量人體排泄物（human feces）及睡袋（sleeping bags）、氧氣瓶（oxygen tanks）等各種非生物降解的登山設(shè)備（non-biodegradable climbing equipment）。

珠峰的傳統(tǒng)登山路線主要分為南坡和北坡，分別由尼泊爾和中國管理，近年來，兩國都加強了對珠峰登山的管理。

The total number of climbers attempting to reach the summit from the north side will be capped at 300 this year, a third fewer than normal, as China begins a large-scale clean-up of the world’s highest peak.
中國將展開大規(guī)模珠峰環(huán)保清理工作。今年，將把參與北坡登山活動的總?cè)藬?shù)控制在300人左右，比常年人數(shù)減少三分之一。

China has set up stations to sort, recycle and break down the rubbish; on the Nepalese side, organizers have started sending large waste bags with climbers during the spring climbing season to collect trash that can be winched back to base camp by helicopters.
中國設(shè)立了垃圾分類、回收以及降解的站點，尼泊爾方面則在春季登山季期間向登山人員派發(fā)大型垃圾袋，用以收集垃圾，之后由直升機運回大本營。

中國今年還將首次對海拔8000米以上的登山者尸體（the remains of mountaineering victims）進行集中處理。西藏體育局還要求登山者，在下山的時候都必須攜帶8公斤的垃圾下來。

尼泊爾從2014年開始，向登山隊收取4000美元的垃圾保證金（garbage deposit of $4,000），若隊內(nèi)有成員下山時未帶回8公斤的垃圾和人類排泄物（bring back 8 kg of trash and human waste），這筆保證金將被沒收（the deposit will be forfeited）。

紫禁城上元之夜 Lantern Festival night in the Forbidden City

The Palace Museum announced on its official website on Sunday that the "Lantern Festival night in the Forbidden City" will be held for two consecutive nights on February 19 and 20.
17日，故宮博物院官網(wǎng)發(fā)公告，2月19日（正月十五）、20日（正月十六）將連續(xù)兩晚舉辦“紫禁城上元之夜”活動。

The event is the first of its kind in the Palace Museum's 94-year history. The main locations open to the public will be the Meridian Gate exhibition hall, the Gate of Supreme Harmony, the East Wall, the Gate of Divine Might and other areas of the Palace Museum.
這是故宮博物院建院94年來首次舉辦“燈會”。開放地點主要在午門展廳、太和門廣場、故宮東城墻、神武門等區(qū)域。

故宮介紹，此次活動不收費（free of charge），將邀請勞動模范（model workers）、北京榜樣、快遞小哥（deliverymen）、環(huán)衛(wèi)工人（sanitation workers）、解放軍和武警官兵（PLA and armed force soldiers）、消防隊員（fire fighters）、公安干警（police officers）等各界代表以及觀眾朋友（預(yù)約成功者）數(shù)千人，前往觀燈賞景，共賀良宵。

職業(yè)教育改革 vocational education reform

近日，國務(wù)院印發(fā)《國家職業(yè)教育改革實施方案》。

China has vowed to cultivate more quality laborers and skilled workers by reforming its vocational education systems, according to the plan.
《方案》提出，我國要改革職業(yè)教育制度，著力培養(yǎng)高素質(zhì)勞動者和技術(shù)技能人才。

Vocational education and training systems will be reformed to match with science and technology development trends and market demands and to promote economic modernization and higher quality employment, the official documents note.
《方案》提出，服務(wù)建設(shè)現(xiàn)代化經(jīng)濟體系和實現(xiàn)更高質(zhì)量更充分就業(yè)需要，對接科技發(fā)展趨勢和市場需求，完善職業(yè)教育和培訓體系。

《方案》提出，從2019年開始，在職業(yè)院校、應(yīng)用型本科高校啟動“學歷證書+若干職業(yè)技能等級證書（diploma plus certificates of vocational skills）”制度試點工作。

到2022年，職業(yè)院校教學條件基本達標，一大批普通本科高等學校向應(yīng)用型轉(zhuǎn)變，建設(shè)50所高水平高等職業(yè)學校（50 high quality higher vocational schools）和150個骨干專業(yè)（群）（150 core specialties）。

《方案》提出了進一步辦好新時代職業(yè)教育的具體措施。

一是完善國家職業(yè)教育制度體系（improve national systems and policies relating to vocational education）。

二是構(gòu)建職業(yè)教育國家標準（establish national standards for vocational education）。

三是促進產(chǎn)教融合（promote integration of enterprises with vocational schools and universities）。

四是建設(shè)多元辦學格局（diversified operation of vocational schools）。

中央一號文件 No. 1 central document

2月19日，新華社受權(quán)發(fā)布《中共中央 國務(wù)院關(guān)于堅持農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村優(yōu)先發(fā)展做好“三農(nóng)”工作的若干意見》。

這份2019年的中央一號文件開宗明義指出，

今明兩年是全面建成小康社會的決勝期，“三農(nóng)”領(lǐng)域有不少必須完成的硬任務(wù)。
This year and the next will mark a decisive period for completing the building of a moderately prosperous society in all respects, and quite a few tough tasks must be fulfilled in the fields relating to agriculture, rural areas and rural people.

必須堅持把解決好“三農(nóng)”問題作為全黨工作重中之重不動搖。
Unswerving efforts must be made to ensure that addressing the issues relating to agriculture, rural areas and rural people enjoy a central place on the work agenda of the CPC.

中央一號文件（No. 1 central document）指中共中央每年發(fā)布的第一份文件（the first policy statement released by central authorities each year）。中共中央在2004年至2019年連續(xù)十六年發(fā)布以“三農(nóng)”（農(nóng)業(yè)、農(nóng)村、農(nóng)民）為主題的中央一號文件，強調(diào)了“三農(nóng)”問題（issues relating to agriculture, rural areas and farmers）在中國社會主義現(xiàn)代化時期“重中之重”的地位。

2019年中央一號文件要點如下：

鞏固發(fā)展農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村好形勢，發(fā)揮“三農(nóng)”壓艙石作用，為有效應(yīng)對各種風險挑戰(zhàn)贏得主動。
The country should consolidate the sound momentum for agricultural and rural development, capitalize on the role of agriculture, rural areas and rural people as the ballast stone, and win the upper hand in effectively handling risks and challenges.

深化農(nóng)業(yè)供給側(cè)結(jié)構(gòu)性改革，堅決打贏脫貧攻堅戰(zhàn)，充分發(fā)揮農(nóng)村基層黨組織戰(zhàn)斗堡壘作用，全面推進鄉(xiāng)村振興，確保順利完成到2020年承諾的農(nóng)村改革發(fā)展目標任務(wù)。
Work must be done to deepen agricultural supply-side structural reform, win the tough battle against poverty, give full play to the key role of rural primary-level Party organizations, and push forward rural vitalization in all respects, according to the document.In doing so, the country will ensure the fulfillment of goals and tasks for rural reform and development by 2020, it added.

咬定既定脫貧目標，落實已有政策部署，到2020年確保現(xiàn)行標準下農(nóng)村貧困人口實現(xiàn)脫貧、貧困縣全部摘帽、解決區(qū)域性整體貧困。
Existent policies will be fully implemented to ensure the country's poverty elimination targets being realized - to lift all its rural residents living below current poverty line out of poverty and eliminate poverty in all poor counties and regions by 2020.

特色產(chǎn)業(yè)扶貧、易地扶貧搬遷、生態(tài)扶貧、金融扶貧、社會幫扶、干部人才等政策措施向深度貧困地區(qū)傾斜。
Focus will be put on providing assistance to areas of extreme poverty, via favorable policies ranging from major projects, poor resident relocation, finance and nurturing of talent.

著力解決突出問題。持續(xù)開展扶貧領(lǐng)域腐敗和作風問題專項治理。
The country vowed to solve prominent problems involving poverty reduction, and pledged consistent efforts to crack down on corruption and misconduct, according to the document.

保障重要農(nóng)產(chǎn)品有效供給。確保糧食播種面積穩(wěn)定在16.5億畝，嚴守18億畝耕地紅線，到2020年確保建成8億畝高標準農(nóng)田。
The document noted that the country will strive to ensure effective supply of major agricultural products. Efforts will be made to ensure that grain planting area remains steady at 1.65 billion mu (110 million hectares) and arable land area is kept above 1.8 billion mu, as well as develop 800 million mu of high-standard farmland by 2020.

調(diào)整優(yōu)化農(nóng)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)。大力發(fā)展緊缺和綠色優(yōu)質(zhì)農(nóng)產(chǎn)品生產(chǎn)，實施大豆振興計劃，實施奶業(yè)振興行動。
It said the country will move to optimize agricultural structure, boost production of green agricultural products or those in short supply, and roll out plans to increase soybean planting and support dairy industry.

實施農(nóng)業(yè)關(guān)鍵核心技術(shù)攻關(guān)行動，推動生物種業(yè)、重型農(nóng)機、智慧農(nóng)業(yè)、綠色投入品等領(lǐng)域自主創(chuàng)新。
The country vowed to step up breakthrough in key agricultural core technologies, and promote independent innovation in areas including biological breeding, heavy agricultural machinery, smart agriculture and green agricultural inputs.

加強“一帶一路”農(nóng)業(yè)國際合作，主動擴大國內(nèi)緊缺農(nóng)產(chǎn)品進口，拓展多元化進口渠道，培育一批跨國農(nóng)業(yè)企業(yè)集團。
The document also noted the country will enhance agricultural cooperation with countries along the Belt and Road, actively expand imports of agricultural products in short supply at home, diversify importing channels, and foster the development of multinational agricultural corporations.

扎實推進鄉(xiāng)村建設(shè)，加快補齊農(nóng)村人居環(huán)境和公共服務(wù)短板，全面提升農(nóng)村教育、醫(yī)療衛(wèi)生、社會保障、養(yǎng)老、文化體育等公共服務(wù)水平。
Progress should be made to promote rural development as well as improve rural living environments and public services such as education, health care, social security, elderly care and culture.

實施村莊基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)工程。加強村內(nèi)道路建設(shè)。加快完成新一輪農(nóng)村電網(wǎng)改造。完善縣鄉(xiāng)村物流基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施網(wǎng)絡(luò)。加強農(nóng)村污染治理和生態(tài)環(huán)境保護。
The country will take measures to improve rural infrastructure including roads, grids and logistics network, as well as enhance pollution treatment and environmental protection.

發(fā)展壯大鄉(xiāng)村產(chǎn)業(yè)，拓寬農(nóng)民增收渠道。
According to the document, the country will foster the development of rural industries and diversify channels to increase the income of farmers.

加快發(fā)展鄉(xiāng)村特色產(chǎn)業(yè)。大力發(fā)展現(xiàn)代農(nóng)產(chǎn)品加工業(yè)。發(fā)展鄉(xiāng)村新型服務(wù)業(yè)。實施數(shù)字鄉(xiāng)村戰(zhàn)略。
It stressed developing industries with local characteristics, modern agricultural product processing and new rural services. The country will also push forward a digital countryside strategy.

加強就業(yè)服務(wù)和職業(yè)技能培訓，促進農(nóng)村勞動力多渠道轉(zhuǎn)移就業(yè)和增收。
The country should improve employment services and vocational training to promote the employment of the rural labor force and increase their incomes, the document said.

鼓勵外出農(nóng)民工、高校畢業(yè)生、退伍軍人、城市各類人才返鄉(xiāng)下鄉(xiāng)創(chuàng)新創(chuàng)業(yè)，支持建立多種形式的創(chuàng)業(yè)支撐服務(wù)平臺，完善鄉(xiāng)村創(chuàng)新創(chuàng)業(yè)支持服務(wù)體系。
China will encourage rural migrant workers, college graduates, veterans and urban personnel to make innovations and start businesses in rural areas, and support the building of service platforms to encourage business startups.

加快構(gòu)建新型農(nóng)業(yè)補貼政策體系。按照適應(yīng)世貿(mào)組織規(guī)則、保護農(nóng)民利益、支持農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展的原則，抓緊研究制定完善農(nóng)業(yè)支持保護政策的意見。
Efforts will be stepped up to build a new policy system for agricultural subsidies, according to the document, which said the country would formulate and improve agriculture support and protection policies following principles that comply with World Trade Organization rules, protect farmers' interests and support agricultural development.

完善鄉(xiāng)村治理機制，保持農(nóng)村社會和諧穩(wěn)定。抓實建強農(nóng)村基層黨組織，加強黨對“三農(nóng)”工作的領(lǐng)導。
The document also covered policies to improve the rural governance mechanism to maintain rural harmony and stability, strengthen rural primary-level Party organizations, and enhance Party leadership on agricultural and rural affairs.