剛看過(guò)的單詞轉(zhuǎn)頭就忘，手里拿著手機(jī)找手機(jī)。上一秒還記得要說(shuō)什么，下一秒就像斷了網(wǎng)的視頻一樣，卡在那里緩沖？

唉，小孩子健忘老不好，多半是宅的。

輕度認(rèn)知障礙

近日，發(fā)表在美國(guó)神經(jīng)病學(xué)學(xué)會(huì)雜志《神經(jīng)病學(xué)》上的一項(xiàng)研究顯示：玩電腦游戲、多多社交對(duì)延緩記憶力的衰退有幫助。

A new study has found that mentally stimulating activities like using computers, playing games, making crafts and participating in social activities are linked to a lower risk or delay of age-related memory loss called mild cognitive impairment (MCI).
這項(xiàng)新的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，像使用電腦、玩游戲、手工制作和參加社交活動(dòng)這樣的精神刺激活動(dòng)，與較低風(fēng)險(xiǎn)或延遲患上輕度認(rèn)知障礙有關(guān)聯(lián)（輕度認(rèn)知障礙：與年齡相關(guān)的記憶喪失）。

左：正常人的大腦
中：輕度認(rèn)知障礙者的大腦
右：阿爾茨海默病患者的大腦

輕度認(rèn)知障礙(mild cognitive impairment)是一種常見(jiàn)的老年醫(yī)學(xué)癥狀。

這種癥狀和思考能力還有記憶力有關(guān)聯(lián)，但它與我們常說(shuō)的“癡呆（dementia）”又不是一回事。它的癥狀要更輕一些。

They may struggle to complete complex tasks or have difficulty understanding information they have read, whereas people with dementia have trouble with daily tasks such as dressing, bathing and eating independently. However, there is strong evidence that MCI can be a precursor of dementia.
患輕度認(rèn)知障礙的人可能很難完成復(fù)雜的任務(wù)，或者較難理解他們所讀到的信息，但是癡呆癥患者則很難獨(dú)立完成日常任務(wù)，比如穿衣、洗澡和吃飯。不過(guò)，也有強(qiáng)有力的證據(jù)表明輕度認(rèn)知障礙可能是癡呆的前兆。

減緩大腦衰老的方式

人都希望自己健健康康的。

關(guān)注護(hù)膚的人會(huì)預(yù)防皮膚老化。撐傘、涂防曬，都是為了把臉上的青春留住。

那人類最重要的器官——大腦，要怎么延緩衰老呢？

答案是——改變生活方式。

"There are currently no drugs that effectively treat mild cognitive impairment, dementia or Alzheimer's disease, so there is growing interest in lifestyle factors that may help slow brain aging believed to contribute to thinking and memory problems — factors that are low cost and available to anyone," said study author Yonas E Geda, MD of the Mayo Clinic in Scottsdale, Arizona, and a member of the American Academy of Neurology.
美國(guó)神經(jīng)病學(xué)學(xué)會(huì)成員、亞利桑那州斯科茨代爾市梅奧醫(yī)療中心醫(yī)學(xué)博士、該研究的作者Yonas E. Geda表示：“目前還沒(méi)有能夠有效治療輕度認(rèn)知障礙、癡呆或阿爾茨海默病的藥物，因此，人們對(duì)于生活方式因素的影響越來(lái)越感興趣，這些因素可能有助于減緩大腦衰老，人們相信特定生活方式有助于解決思考和記憶問(wèn)題，并且改變生活方式的成本很低，任何人都可以參與。”

"Our study took a close look at how often people participated in mentally stimulating activities in both middle-age and later life, with a goal of examining when such activities may be most beneficial to the brain."
“我們的研究仔細(xì)觀察了人們?cè)谥心旰屯砟陞⑴c精神刺激活動(dòng)的頻率，目的是研究在什么時(shí)候這類活動(dòng)對(duì)大腦最有益?！?/p>

- Findings -
- 研究發(fā)現(xiàn) -

? Researchers found that using a computer in middle-age was associated with a 48 percent lower risk of MCI.

研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)，在中年使用電腦會(huì)降低48%的輕度認(rèn)知障礙風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。

? Engaging in social activities, like going to movies or going out with friends, or playing games, like doing crosswords or playing cards, in both middle-age and later life were associated with a 20 percent lower risk of developing MCI.
無(wú)論是在中年還是晚年，參加諸如看電影、和朋友出去玩、玩填字游戲，或者打撲克牌之類的社交活動(dòng)都會(huì)降低20%患輕度認(rèn)知障礙的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。

? Craft activities were associated with a 42 percent lower risk, but only in later life.
參加手工活動(dòng)幫助人們降低了42%的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，但僅在晚年有效。

研究人員還發(fā)現(xiàn)，用電腦、打紙牌、看電影等活動(dòng)還有疊加效應(yīng)。

簡(jiǎn)而言之就是，晚年玩得越嗨，腦子就越好。

Those who engaged in two activities were 28 percent less likely to develop memory and thinking problems than those who took part in no activities, while those who took part in three activities were 45 percent less likely, those with four activities were 56 percent less likely and those with five activities were 43 percent less likely.
參加兩項(xiàng)活動(dòng)的人比不參加任何活動(dòng)的人出現(xiàn)記憶和思維問(wèn)題的可能性要低28%，而參加三項(xiàng)活動(dòng)的人比不參加任何活動(dòng)的人低45%，參加四項(xiàng)活動(dòng)的人要低56%，參加五項(xiàng)活動(dòng)的人要低43%。

研究者同時(shí)也指出，雖然該項(xiàng)研究發(fā)現(xiàn)了這些活動(dòng)與輕度認(rèn)知障礙低風(fēng)險(xiǎn)之間的相關(guān)關(guān)系，但這并不是說(shuō)患有輕度認(rèn)知障礙的人就可以經(jīng)常去參加這些活動(dòng)。

有網(wǎng)友表示自己終于找到了記性不好的原因了，評(píng)論說(shuō)：

I knew it. Now I have a source to prove that mentally demanding games are a good brain exercise!
我就知道！現(xiàn)在總算有科學(xué)研究證明燒腦的游戲是鍛煉大腦的好方法了。

還有網(wǎng)癮少年表示：

I knew spending over eight hours on the internet was not for nothing!
每天網(wǎng)上沖浪8個(gè)小時(shí)以上還是有點(diǎn)道理嘛，我早知道了。

有人認(rèn)為鍛煉大腦跟跑步擼鐵是一個(gè)道理：

It makes sense that using your brain makes it stronger. Just like what happens with muscles. For example, reading is a task where the brain is used — therefore, learning video games is even a harder training. There is a fact about nuns' brains: because they read so many biblical books, Alzheimer's didn't hit them at all.
使用大腦可以讓它更強(qiáng)健，這不錯(cuò)。就和鍛煉肌肉一個(gè)道理。比方說(shuō)閱讀是要用腦的，所以玩電子游戲應(yīng)該是對(duì)大腦更劇烈的鍛煉。有一個(gè)關(guān)于修女大腦的研究就顯示，她們根本就不會(huì)得阿爾茨海默病，因?yàn)槊刻熳x書(shū)（圣經(jīng)之類的）。

But it should be noted that reading itself isn't a complex task. Being able to analyze, debate and form rational ideas while reading is the key. Reading is only as complex as the material you're engaging with.

但也要注意，閱讀活動(dòng)本身不是一個(gè)很具有挑戰(zhàn)性的任務(wù)。閱讀的同時(shí)，認(rèn)真分析、仔細(xì)思考、組織理性的觀點(diǎn)才是關(guān)鍵。你閱讀的材料越難，閱讀活動(dòng)才越難。

那么問(wèn)題來(lái)了，記單詞之前，要不要先去看場(chǎng)電影呢？

希望你不要從入門(mén)就放棄哦。

stimulating /?st?mjule?t??/ adj 增加活力的
cognitive /?k?ɡn?t?v/ adj 認(rèn)識(shí)的；認(rèn)知的；感知的
dementia /d??men??/ n 癡呆；精神錯(cuò)亂
Alzheimer’s disease /?lts?haim?z/ n 阿爾茨海默病
neurology /nj???r?l?d?i/ n 神經(jīng)學(xué)；神經(jīng)病學(xué)
demanding /d??m?nd??/ adj 要求高的；費(fèi)力的

編輯：左卓
實(shí)習(xí)編輯：趙暄
來(lái)源：Science Daily; American Academy of Neurology; Reddit