營(yíng)養(yǎng)均衡的飲食有利于健康，這個(gè)道理大家都懂，但還是有些人只吃自己喜歡的食物，嚴(yán)重挑食。最近英國(guó)一名少年由于常年只吃薯?xiàng)l、薯片和其他垃圾食品，最終導(dǎo)致雙目失明。這給挑食的人們提了個(gè)醒。

Experts are warning about the risks of extreme fussy eating after a teenager developed permanent sight loss after living on a diet of chips and crisps.

英國(guó)一名少年常年只吃薯?xiàng)l和薯片，最終導(dǎo)致永久性失明。專(zhuān)家近日以此警告人們極度挑食的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。

Eye doctors in Bristol cared for the 17-year-old after his vision had deteriorated to the point of blindness.

這名17歲的男孩幾近失明，布里斯托爾的眼科醫(yī)生對(duì)他進(jìn)行了治療。

Since leaving primary school, the teen had been eating only French fries, Pringles and white bread, as well as an occasional slice of ham or a sausage.

從小學(xué)畢業(yè)以來(lái)，這名男孩只吃薯?xiàng)l、品客薯片和白面包，偶爾還吃一片火腿或香腸。

Tests revealed he had severe vitamin deficiencies and malnutrition damage.

檢查顯示他有嚴(yán)重的維生素缺乏和營(yíng)養(yǎng)不良。

malnutrition [m?lnj?'tr??(?)n]：n.營(yíng)養(yǎng)失調(diào)，營(yíng)養(yǎng)不良

極其挑食

The adolescent, who cannot be named, had seen his GP at the age of 14 because he had been feeling tired and unwell. At that time he was diagnosed with vitamin B12 deficiency and put on supplements, but he did not stick with the treatment or improve his poor diet.

這名不愿透露姓名的青少年14歲時(shí)就去看了全科醫(yī)生，因?yàn)樗恢备械狡＞牒筒贿m。當(dāng)時(shí)，他被診斷出缺乏維生素B12，醫(yī)生給他開(kāi)了維生素B12補(bǔ)充劑，但他沒(méi)有堅(jiān)持服用，也沒(méi)有改善不良飲食習(xí)慣。

Three years later, he was taken to the Bristol Eye Hospital because of progressive sight loss, Annals of Internal Medicine journal reports.

據(jù)《內(nèi)科醫(yī)學(xué)年鑒》期刊報(bào)道，三年后，他因逐漸失明被送往布里斯托爾眼科醫(yī)院。

Dr Denize Atan, who treated him at the hospital, said: "His diet was essentially a portion of chips from the local fish and chip shop every day. He also used to snack on crisps - Pringles - and sometimes slices of white bread and occasional slices of ham, and not really any fruit and vegetables.

他的主治醫(yī)師丹妮澤?阿坦說(shuō)：“他每天從當(dāng)?shù)卣~(yú)薯?xiàng)l店買(mǎi)一些薯?xiàng)l，就吃這些。他還經(jīng)常吃薯片（品客薯片），有時(shí)吃幾片白面包，偶爾吃幾片火腿，不吃任何水果和蔬菜。”

"He explained this as an aversion to certain textures of food that he really could not tolerate, and so chips and crisps were really the only types of food that he wanted and felt that he could eat."

“他解釋說(shuō)，這是因?yàn)橛行┦巢乃麩o(wú)法忍受，討厭吃那些，所以薯?xiàng)l和薯片是他唯一想吃的食物，他覺(jué)得自己可以吃?！?/p>

aversion [?'v???(?)n]：n.厭惡

Dr Atan and her colleagues rechecked the young man's vitamin levels and found he was low in B12 as well as some other important vitamins and minerals - copper, selenium and vitamin D.

阿坦醫(yī)生和同事重新檢查了這名年輕人體內(nèi)的維生素水平，發(fā)現(xiàn)他體內(nèi)的維生素B12以及其他一些重要的維生素和礦物質(zhì)——銅、硒和維生素D含量都很低。

驚人的發(fā)現(xiàn)

He was not over or underweight, but was severely malnourished from his eating disorder - avoidant-restrictive food intake disorder.

他并沒(méi)有超重或體重過(guò)輕，但是由于避免—限制型飲食失調(diào)而嚴(yán)重營(yíng)養(yǎng)不良。

"He had lost minerals from his bone, which was really quite shocking for a boy of his age."

“他骨質(zhì)中的礦物質(zhì)流失了，這對(duì)他這個(gè)年齡的男孩來(lái)說(shuō)真的很讓人震驚?！?/p>

He was put on vitamin supplements and referred to a dietitian and a specialist mental health team.

醫(yī)生給他開(kāi)了維生素補(bǔ)充劑，并將他轉(zhuǎn)給營(yíng)養(yǎng)師和專(zhuān)業(yè)的心理健康團(tuán)隊(duì)繼續(xù)治療。

In terms of his sight loss, he met the criteria for being registered blind.

他的視力損失已符合盲人登記標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。

"He had blind spots right in the middle of his vision," said Dr Atan. "That means he can't drive and would find it really difficult to read, watch TV or discern faces.

阿坦醫(yī)生說(shuō)：“他的視力正中間有盲點(diǎn)，這意味著他不能開(kāi)車(chē)，而且閱讀、看電視或辨認(rèn)人臉會(huì)很難?！?/p>

"He can walk around on his own though because he has got peripheral vision."

“但他可以自己走路，因?yàn)樗闹苓呉曈X(jué)沒(méi)有喪失。

peripheral [p?'r?f(?)r(?)l]：adj.外圍的；次要的；（神經(jīng)）末梢區(qū)域的

Nutritional optic neuropathy - the condition the young man has - is treatable if diagnosed early. Left too long, however, the nerve fibres in the optic nerve die and the damage becomes permanent.

這名年輕人的病癥是營(yíng)養(yǎng)視神經(jīng)病變，如果早期確診是可以治療的。然而，如果發(fā)病太久，視神經(jīng)中的神經(jīng)纖維就會(huì)死亡，就會(huì)造成永久性損傷。

Dr Atan said cases like this are thankfully uncommon, but that parents should be aware of the potential harm that can be caused by picky eating, and seek expert help.

阿坦醫(yī)生說(shuō)，幸運(yùn)的是，這種情況并不常見(jiàn)，但家長(zhǎng)們應(yīng)該意識(shí)到挑食可能帶來(lái)的潛在危害，并尋求專(zhuān)家?guī)椭?/p>

For those who are concerned, she advised: "It's best not to be anxious about picky eating, and instead calmly introduce one or two new foods with every meal."

對(duì)于那些擔(dān)心這一問(wèn)題的人，她建議:“最好不要對(duì)挑食感到焦慮，而是冷靜地給每餐加入一兩種新食物?！?/p>

She said multivitamin tablets can supplement a diet, but are not a substitute for eating healthily.

她說(shuō)，復(fù)合維生素片可以作為飲食的補(bǔ)充，但不能代替健康飲食。

"It's much better to take on vitamins through a varied and balanced diet," she said, adding that too much of certain vitamins, including vitamin A, can be toxic, "so you don't want to overdo it".

“通過(guò)多樣化和均衡的飲食攝入維生素要好得多，”她還補(bǔ)充說(shuō)，某些維生素過(guò)量攝入是有毒的，包括維生素A，“所以不能過(guò)量攝入”。

Dr Atan said vegans are also at increased risk of B12 deficiency-related sight problems if they do not replace what they can lack when excluding meat from their diet.

阿坦醫(yī)生說(shuō)，如果素食者不補(bǔ)充飲食中所缺乏的東西，那么他們患維生素B12缺乏引起的視力問(wèn)題的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)也會(huì)增加。

"Nutritional yeast is a way of adding B12 to your diet," she said.

她說(shuō)：“營(yíng)養(yǎng)酵母是在飲食中添加維生素B12的一種方式?！?/p>

Sources of vitamin B12 for vegans include:

對(duì)純素食者來(lái)說(shuō)，維生素B12的來(lái)源包括：

breakfast cereals fortified with B12

富含維生素B12的谷物早餐

unsweetened soya drinks fortified with vitamin B12

富含維生素B12的無(wú)糖大豆飲料

yeast extract, such as Marmite, which is fortified with vitamin B12

富含維生素B12的酵母提取物，如馬麥醬

Rebecca McManamon, consultant dietitian and spokesperson for the British Dietetic Association, said restricted diets might happen for a range of reasons, including eating disorders, allergies and autism, and need specialist assessment.

英國(guó)飲食協(xié)會(huì)發(fā)言人、營(yíng)養(yǎng)顧問(wèn)麗貝卡?麥克馬納蒙表示，限制飲食可能有一系列原因，包括飲食失調(diào)、過(guò)敏和自閉癥，需要專(zhuān)家評(píng)估。

"It's also worth noting that since 2016 the UK government has recommended daily Vitamin D supplementation (10 microgrammes/400 International Units) for everyone between October and March as we are not likely to get enough from fortified foods.

“值得注意的是，自2016年以來(lái)，英國(guó)政府建議所有人在十月到次年三月之間每天補(bǔ)充維生素D，劑量為每日10微克（400國(guó)際單位），因?yàn)槲覀儾惶赡軓膹?qiáng)化食品中獲得足夠的維生素D。”

"Multivitamin supplementation is recommended for all children up to their fifth birthday."

“建議所有5歲以下的兒童補(bǔ)充多種維生素?！?/p>

英文來(lái)源：BBC

翻譯&編輯：yaning