“Climate emergency（氣候緊急狀態(tài)）”擊敗“氣候危機(jī)”、“全球變熱”、“否認(rèn)氣候變化”等熱門詞匯，當(dāng)選《牛津詞典》2019年度詞匯。毫無疑問，“氣候”是2019年最受關(guān)注的話題。

“氣候罷工”當(dāng)選柯林斯詞典2019年度詞匯

劍橋詞典2019年度詞匯出爐 “升級(jí)回收”體現(xiàn)環(huán)保關(guān)切

Oxford Dictionaries has declared “climate emergency” the word of the year for 2019, following a hundred-fold increase in usage that it says demonstrated a “greater immediacy” in the way we talk about the climate.

近日，《牛津詞典》公布了2019年度詞匯——“氣候緊急狀態(tài)”，這一詞匯的使用率在2019年增加了100倍。據(jù)稱，當(dāng)人們談?wù)摎夂騿栴}時(shí)，使用這個(gè)詞會(huì)“更加突出危機(jī)感”。

Defined as “a situation in which urgent action is required to reduce or halt climate change and avoid potentially irreversible environmental damage resulting from it”, Oxford said the words soared from “relative obscurity” to “one of the most prominent – and prominently debated – terms of 2019.”

《牛津詞典》將“氣候緊急狀態(tài)”定義為：需要采取緊急行動(dòng)以減少或阻止氣候變化，并避免由此造成的不可逆轉(zhuǎn)的環(huán)境破壞?！杜＝蛟~典》出版方稱，2019年“氣候緊急狀態(tài)”從“相對(duì)不為人知”轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)椤?019年最引人注目、備受爭議的詞匯之一”。

According to the dictionary’s data, usage of “climate emergency” soared 10,796%.

根據(jù)《牛津詞典》的數(shù)據(jù)，“氣候緊急狀態(tài)”一詞的使用率飆升了10796%。

Oxford said the choice was reflective, not just of the rise in climate awareness, but the focus specifically on the language we use to discuss it. The rise of “climate emergency” reflected a conscious push towards language of immediacy and urgency, the dictionary said.

《牛津詞典》出版方表示，這一選擇不僅反映了人們對(duì)氣候變化意識(shí)的增強(qiáng)，還特別關(guān)注了我們討論氣候變化時(shí)使用的語言?！皻夂蚓o急狀態(tài)”使用率的增加反映出人們正有意識(shí)地采用更直接更具緊迫感的語言。

In 2019, “climate” became the most common word associated with “emergency”, three times more than “health emergency” in second.

2019年，“氣候”成為與“緊急狀態(tài)”相關(guān)的最常見詞匯，比使用率位居第二的“衛(wèi)生緊急狀態(tài)”多三倍。

In May, the Guardian updated its style guide to clarify that “climate emergency” or “global heating” would be favoured over “climate change” or “global warming” – to better reflect the scientific consensus that this was “a catastrophe for humanity”.

今年5月，《衛(wèi)報(bào)》更新了其風(fēng)格指南，表明“氣候緊急狀態(tài)”或“全球變熱”的使用將優(yōu)先于“氣候變化”或“全球變暖”，以更好地反映科學(xué)共識(shí)，即這是“人類的災(zāi)難”。

Hundreds of cities, towns and even countries have also declared “climate emergencies” during 2019 – from Scotland, the UK, Canada, France and the city of Sydney in Australia.

2019年，包括蘇格蘭、英國、加拿大、法國在內(nèi)的國家以及澳大利也悉尼等數(shù)百個(gè)城鎮(zhèn)也宣布進(jìn)入“氣候緊急狀態(tài)”。

"In 2018, climate did not feature in the top words typically used to modify emergency, instead the top types of emergencies people wrote about were health, hospital, and family emergencies,” the selection panel said. "But with climate emergency, we see something new, an extension of emergency to the global level.”

《牛津詞典》評(píng)選委員會(huì)表示：“在2018年，氣候并不是最常用來修飾緊急狀況的詞，人們寫的最常見的緊急情況是衛(wèi)生、醫(yī)院和家庭緊急情況。但從氣候緊急狀態(tài)的使用率上升可以看出，氣候變化已經(jīng)擴(kuò)大成為全球?qū)用娴木o急問題。”

"Climate emergency” beat the words “climate crisis”, “climate action”, “climate denial”, “extinction”, “flight shame”, “global heating” and “plant-based”, which were on the shortlist.

在候選的年度詞匯中，“氣候緊急狀態(tài)”擊敗了“氣候危機(jī)”、“氣候行動(dòng)”、“否認(rèn)氣候變化”、“滅絕”、“飛行羞辱”、“全球變熱”、“植物性”等詞。

The dictionary’s word of the year is chosen to “reflect the ethos, mood, or preoccupations of the passing year” and should have “l(fā)asting potential as a term of cultural significance”.

被選中的《牛津詞典》年度詞匯要“反映過去一年的社會(huì)思潮、氣氛或關(guān)注點(diǎn)”，并且應(yīng)該“具有持久的文化意義”。

ethos[?i?θɑ?s]: n. 民族精神；氣質(zhì)；社會(huì)思潮

Previous winners of word of the year include “toxic” in 2018 and “youthquake” in 2017.

2018年《牛津詞典》的年度詞匯是“有毒的”，2017年的年度詞匯則是“青年震蕩”。

英文來源：衛(wèi)報(bào)

翻譯&編輯：丹妮