3月3日是國(guó)際愛(ài)耳日，世界衛(wèi)生組織新發(fā)布的報(bào)告顯示，到2050年全球?qū)⒂兴姆种坏娜寺?tīng)力受損。聽(tīng)力健康，是時(shí)候該引起重視了。

Nearly 2.5 billion people worldwide ─ or 1 in 4 people ─ will be living with some degree of hearing loss by 2050, warns the World Health Organization's (WHO) first World Report on Hearing, released Tuesday. At least 700 million of these people will require access to ear and hearing care and other rehabilitation services unless action is taken.

世界衛(wèi)生組織3月2日發(fā)布的第一份全球聽(tīng)力報(bào)告警告稱，到2050年全球?qū)⒂薪?5億人（全球四分之一人口）出現(xiàn)某種程度的聽(tīng)力受損，如果不采取行動(dòng)，至少7億人將需要接受耳朵及聽(tīng)力護(hù)理和其他康復(fù)服務(wù)。

"Our ability to hear is precious. Untreated hearing loss can have a devastating impact on people’s ability to communicate, to study and to earn a living. It can also impact on people’s mental health and their ability to sustain relationships," said Dr Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus, WHO Director-General.

世界衛(wèi)生組織總干事譚德塞博士表示：“我們的聽(tīng)力是寶貴的。聽(tīng)力受損得不到治療會(huì)對(duì)人們的交流、學(xué)習(xí)和謀生能力造成破壞性的影響，還會(huì)影響人們的心理健康和維持人際關(guān)系的能力?！?/p>

The report, launched ahead of World Hearing Day on 3 March, underlines the need to rapidly step up efforts to prevent and address hearing loss by investing and expanding access to ear and hearing care services. Investment in ear and hearing care has been shown to be cost-effective: WHO calculates that governments can expect a return of nearly $16 for every $1 invested.

在3月3日國(guó)際愛(ài)耳日前一天發(fā)布的這份報(bào)告強(qiáng)調(diào)了通過(guò)投資和普及耳朵及聽(tīng)力保健服務(wù)來(lái)進(jìn)一步防止和應(yīng)對(duì)聽(tīng)力受損問(wèn)題的急切性和必要性。事實(shí)證明，投資耳朵及聽(tīng)力保健服務(wù)是很合算的。據(jù)世界衛(wèi)生組織估算，各國(guó)政府每投資1美元（約合人民幣6元），就能得到近16美元的回報(bào)。

Lack of accurate information and stigmatizing attitudes to ear diseases and hearing loss often limit people from accessing care for these conditions. Even among health-care providers, there’s often a shortage of knowledge about prevention, early identification and management of hearing loss and ear diseases, hampering their ability to provide the care required.

缺少相關(guān)準(zhǔn)確信息以及對(duì)耳疾和聽(tīng)力受損的恥辱感往往讓人們有病不就醫(yī)。即使是醫(yī)療服務(wù)人員也通常缺乏聽(tīng)力受損及耳疾的預(yù)防、早期識(shí)別和管理方面的知識(shí)，從而阻礙他們?yōu)榛颊咛峁┧璺?wù)。

In most countries, ear and hearing care is still not integrated into national health systems and accessing care services is challenging for those with ear diseases and hearing loss. Moreover, access to ear and hearing care is poorly measured and documented, and relevant indicators are lacking in the health information system.

在大多數(shù)國(guó)家，耳朵及聽(tīng)力護(hù)理仍然未被并入國(guó)家衛(wèi)生系統(tǒng)，患者難以獲取服務(wù)。此外，對(duì)耳朵及聽(tīng)力護(hù)理的訪問(wèn)情況沒(méi)有進(jìn)行良好的測(cè)算和記錄，衛(wèi)生信息系統(tǒng)也缺乏相關(guān)的指標(biāo)。

But the most glaring gap in health system capacity is in human resources. Among low-income countries, about 78% have fewer than one ear, nose and throat (ENT) specialist per million population; 93% have fewer than one audiologist per million; only 17% have one or more speech therapist per million; and 50% have one or more teacher for the deaf per million. This gap can be closed through integration of ear and hearing care into primary health care through strategies such as task sharing and training, outlined in the report.

但是衛(wèi)生系統(tǒng)能力的最大缺口是人力資源。在低收入國(guó)家，約有78%的國(guó)家每100萬(wàn)人口擁有不到一位耳鼻喉醫(yī)師；93%的國(guó)家每100萬(wàn)人口擁有不到一位聽(tīng)覺(jué)病矯治醫(yī)師；只有17%的國(guó)家每100萬(wàn)人口擁有一位以上的語(yǔ)言治療師；50%的國(guó)家每100萬(wàn)人口擁有一位以上聾人教師。報(bào)告指出，通過(guò)任務(wù)分擔(dān)和培訓(xùn)等策略將耳朵及聽(tīng)力護(hù)理并入初級(jí)衛(wèi)生保健系統(tǒng)，這一缺口可以被填補(bǔ)。

In children, almost 60% of hearing loss can be prevented through measures such as immunization for prevention of rubella and meningitis, improved maternal and neonatal care, and screening for, and early management of, otitis media - inflammatory diseases of the middle ear. In adults, noise control, safe listening and surveillance of ototoxic medicines together with good ear hygiene can help maintain good hearing and reduce the potential for hearing loss.

在兒童方面，近60%的聽(tīng)力受損可以通過(guò)接種風(fēng)疹和腦膜炎疫苗、改善孕產(chǎn)婦和新生兒護(hù)理以及中耳炎的篩查和早期管理來(lái)預(yù)防。在成年人方面，噪音控制、安全用耳、對(duì)耳毒性藥物的監(jiān)督以及良好的用耳衛(wèi)生有助于保持良好的聽(tīng)力，降低聽(tīng)力受損的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。

Identification is the first step in addressing hearing loss and related ear diseases. Clinical screening at strategic points in life ensure that any loss of hearing and ear diseases can be identified as early as possible.

識(shí)別是應(yīng)對(duì)聽(tīng)力受損和相關(guān)耳疾的第一步。在關(guān)鍵年齡段進(jìn)行臨床篩查以確保任何聽(tīng)力受損和耳疾可以盡早被識(shí)別出來(lái)。

Once diagnosed, early intervention is key. Medical and surgical treatment can cure most ear diseases, potentially reversing the associated hearing loss. However, where hearing loss is irreversible, rehabilitation can ensure that those affected avoid the adverse consequences of hearing loss.

一旦確診，早期干預(yù)是關(guān)鍵。醫(yī)藥和外科手術(shù)可以治愈大多數(shù)耳疾，并可能逆轉(zhuǎn)相關(guān)的聽(tīng)力下降。然而，如果聽(tīng)力喪失不可逆轉(zhuǎn)，康復(fù)治療可以確?；颊弑苊饴?tīng)力喪失帶來(lái)的不良后果。

Hearing technology, such as hearing aids and cochlear implants, when accompanied by appropriate support services and rehabilitative therapy are effective and cost-effective and can benefit children and adults alike.

助聽(tīng)器和人工電子耳蝸等輔聽(tīng)技術(shù)，伴以適當(dāng)?shù)闹С址?wù)和康復(fù)理療，不僅有效而且性價(jià)比高，可以同樣造福兒童和成人。

英文來(lái)源：世衛(wèi)組織官網(wǎng)

翻譯&編輯：丹妮