《古都北京》多語種系列圖書，由中國(guó)外文局所屬朝華出版社于1986年首次出版。本書以斷代史的體例記述了北京自北京人至今約70萬年的歷史發(fā)展脈絡(luò)，既有對(duì)北京歷代文化遺跡的專業(yè)描述，也有對(duì)坊巷市俗、歲時(shí)節(jié)令等市民生活的記錄，是歷史學(xué)家閻崇年三十年潛心之作。全書內(nèi)容系統(tǒng)全面，結(jié)構(gòu)清晰緊湊，并配有700余幅著名攝影家嚴(yán)鐘義等人拍攝的高清精美圖片。我們從中選取了一批雙語重點(diǎn)詞匯及例句，和大家分享。

1. 御花園
Imperial Garden

例句：北京城的園囿——宮城的御花園、皇城的太液池、內(nèi)城的壇廟苑林、近郊的三山五園，也都布局有序，呼應(yīng)相連。
譯文：The same philosophy applied to the layout of the gardens and parks, including the Imperial Garden in the Forbidden City, the Taiye Lake in the Imperial City, the altars and temples in the Inner City, and even the “Three Hills and Five Gardens” in the western suburbs.

2. 關(guān)隘
Pass

例句：古北口為北京北部的咽喉之地，也是萬里長(zhǎng)城的重要關(guān)隘。
譯文：Gubeikou, a strategic gateway north of Beijing and an important pass of the Great Wall, was built in the Ming dynasty.

3. 石經(jīng)
Buddhist scriptures on the rocks

例句：隋朝開鑿京杭運(yùn)河和勒刻房山石經(jīng)，于北京的物質(zhì)與文化都有不可估量的意義。
譯文：The economic and cultural development of Beijing was speeded up by two events — the building of the Grand Canal and the carving of Buddhist scriptures on the rocks of present-day Fangshan in Beijing’s suburbs.

4. 帝王樹
Imperial Tree

例句：（潭柘）寺內(nèi)的一棵銀杏樹，相傳植于遼代，樹齡已近千年，高30余米，圍約7米，清乾隆帝封其為“帝王樹”。
譯文：The 1000-year-old gingko tree, about 30 meters high and seven meters in perimeter, is said to have been planted in the Liao dynasty. The Qing emperor Qianlong gave it the name of “Imperial Tree.”

5. 禮拜殿
The Prayer Hall

例句：全寺建筑集中對(duì)稱，主要建筑有禮拜殿、梆歌樓、望月樓和碑亭等。禮拜殿為全寺的中心，是伊斯蘭教徒做禮拜的殿堂.
譯文：The mosque has a concentrated and symmetrical layout. The main buildings include the Prayer Hall, the Minaret, the Tower for Observing the Moon, and two Stele Pavilions.

6. 石拱橋
stone arch bridge

例句：金章宗明昌三年（公元1192年）三月，費(fèi)時(shí)三年的盧溝石橋終于落成，命名為廣利橋，后習(xí)稱為盧溝橋。元、明、清三代曾加以修葺。盧溝橋是一座聯(lián)拱石橋，長(zhǎng)266.5米，寬7.5米，下分11個(gè)涵孔，工程巨大，雄偉瑰麗，是中國(guó)北方最長(zhǎng)的古代石拱橋，也是北京現(xiàn)存最古老的聯(lián)拱石橋。
譯文：It took three years to complete the Lugou Bridge, otherwise known as Marco Polo Bridge, in 1192 under Emperor Zhangzong of the Jurchen dynasty. Being 266.5 meters long and 7.5 meters wide, the stone bridge has 11 arches. Renovated under the Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties, it was the longest stone arch bridge in North China in those days and remains the oldest one in Beijing today.

7. 簡(jiǎn)儀 abridged armilla

圭表 colossal gnomon

例句：郭守敬是一位勇于創(chuàng)新、勤奮好學(xué)的科學(xué)家。他在前人基礎(chǔ)上設(shè)計(jì)制造了測(cè)量赤道坐標(biāo)和地平坐標(biāo)的簡(jiǎn)儀，并制造了測(cè)量日影長(zhǎng)度的圭表等天文儀器。
譯文：Guo Shoujing (1231-1316), an outstanding scientist, improved on the astronomical instruments developed by his predecessors and built an “abridged armilla” for measuring equatorial and horizontal coordinates. He also built a colossal gnomon for measuring the shadow of the sun.

8. 瓷器 porcelain

青花瓷器 blue-and-white porcelain

例句：元大都的瓷器匯聚了元代瓷器的精粹。元代瓷器的特點(diǎn)是以青花瓷器為代表作。
譯文：The porcelain of Dadu was among the best produced under the Yuan dynasty, typical of which was celadon or blue-and-white porcelain.

9. 護(hù)城河
the moat

例句：元大都大內(nèi)宮后御苑沒有山。明初中都城后面和南京宮城后面皆有山做屏障。明北京城規(guī)劃汲取明中都和明南京均有后山的格局，并運(yùn)用風(fēng)水理論，將宮城護(hù)城河中挖出的黃土堆筑到宮后御苑，形成高49米的萬歲山（又稱煤山，清改稱景山）。
譯文：There had been no hill in the Imperial Garden of the Yuan dynasty. In the early years of the Ming dynasty, the “Forbidden City” in Nanjing leaned against a hill at its back. The palace zone in Beijing was given a similar feature. The earth excavated from the moat around the Forbidden City was used to build a 49-meter-high hill in the Imperial Garden, which was called His Majesty’s Hill under the Ming and changed to the Jing Hill under the Qing.

10. 九龍壁
The Nine-Dragon Wall

例句：宮前的九龍壁，其下部為白石須彌座，上部為黃瓦廡殿頂，中間為九條巨龍浮雕，體態(tài)矯健，形象生動(dòng)。全幅壁面以海水為襯景，有9條戲珠巨龍?jiān)诒简v，它由247塊預(yù)制七色琉璃磚拼砌而成，總寬29.4米，高3.5米。
譯文：The Nine-Dragon Wall is a glazed-tile screen wall in front of the Palace of Peace and Longevity, It rests on a sumeru base of white stone and is covered with a yellow-tiled roof in palace style. The nine huge dragons in bas-relief are playing with balls against a backdrop of sea waves. They look vigorous and come to life. The surface of the screen wall is composed of 247 glazed tiles in seven colors, adding up to 29.4 meters in width and 3.5 meters in height.

11. 九龍寶座
nine-dragon throne

例句：殿內(nèi)中央九龍寶座，是慈禧太后過生日時(shí)接受光緒帝及群臣朝賀的座位。
譯文：Hall for Dispelling Clouds in the Summer Palace. At the center of the hall is a nine-dragon throne where Empress Dowager Cixi received greetings from Emperor Guangxu and the officials on her birthday.

12. 十七孔橋
Seventeen-Arch Bridge

例句：南湖島和東堤之間，橫臥在昆明湖上的是人造長(zhǎng)虹十七孔橋。橋長(zhǎng)150米，寬8米，由17個(gè)券洞組成。橋面石欄望柱上共雕有形態(tài)各異的石獅500余只。
譯文：Between the South Lake Island and the East Causeway is the rainbow-like Seventeen-Arch Bridge on the Kunming Lake. The bridge is 150 meters long and eight meters wide. The balusters are decorated with more than 500 stone lions which differ from one another in posture.

13. 四合院
square courtyards

例句：北京居民的四合院，最大的要算是諸王府邸。明代的皇子，成年以后分藩外地。
譯文：Among Beijing’s square courtyards the largest ones were the mansions of princes. Princes of the Ming dynasty would be granted vassalages scattered around the country as soon as they grew up.