過(guò)勞死一詞雖然誕生于日本，但早已成為全球各地的普遍現(xiàn)象。世界衛(wèi)生組織和國(guó)際勞工組織聯(lián)合開(kāi)展的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，2016年全球過(guò)勞者近5億人，其中超74.5萬(wàn)人死于過(guò)勞引起的中風(fēng)和心臟病。

Working long hours poses an occupational health risk that kills hundreds of thousands of people each year, the World Health Organization says.

世界衛(wèi)生組織稱，長(zhǎng)時(shí)間工作帶來(lái)的職業(yè)健康風(fēng)險(xiǎn)每年導(dǎo)致數(shù)十萬(wàn)人喪生。

People working 55 or more hours each week face an estimated 35% higher risk of a stroke and a 17% higher risk of dying from heart disease, compared to people following the widely accepted standard of working 35 to 40 hours in a week, the WHO says in a study that was published Monday in the journal Environment International.

世衛(wèi)組織5月17日發(fā)表在《國(guó)際環(huán)境》期刊上的一項(xiàng)研究指出，相比每周工作常規(guī)的35到40小時(shí)的人，每周工作55小時(shí)以上的人患中風(fēng)的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)高出35%，死于心臟病的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)高出17%。

"No job is worth the risk of stroke or heart disease," WHO Director-General Dr. Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus said, calling on governments, businesses and workers to find ways to protect workers' health.

世衛(wèi)組織總干事譚德塞表示：“沒(méi)有哪份工作值得你冒著中風(fēng)或心臟病的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)去做?！彼粲跽?、企業(yè)和工作人員設(shè)法保護(hù)員工健康。

The global study, which the WHO calls the first of its kind, found that in 2016, 488 million people were exposed to the risks of working long hours.

世衛(wèi)組織表示，這是該領(lǐng)域首個(gè)全球研究，結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)，2016年有4.88億人暴露在長(zhǎng)時(shí)間工作的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)下。

In all, more than 745,000 people died that year from overwork that resulted in stroke and heart disease, according to the WHO.

根據(jù)世衛(wèi)組織的報(bào)告，2016年共有逾74.5萬(wàn)人死于過(guò)勞引起的中風(fēng)和心臟病。

"Between 2000 and 2016, the number of deaths from heart disease due to working long hours increased by 42%, and from stroke by 19%," the WHO said as it announced the study, which it conducted with the International Labour Organization.

這項(xiàng)研究是由世衛(wèi)組織和國(guó)際勞工組織聯(lián)合開(kāi)展的，世衛(wèi)組織在宣布研究結(jié)果時(shí)表示：“2000年至2016年間，死于長(zhǎng)時(shí)間工作導(dǎo)致的心臟病和中風(fēng)的人數(shù)分別增加了42%和19%?！?/p>

The study doesn't cover the past year, in which the COVID-19 pandemic thrust national economies into crisis and reshaped how millions of people work. But its authors note that overwork has been on the rise for years due to phenomena such as the gig economy and telework — and they say the pandemic will likely accelerate those trends.

該研究沒(méi)有覆蓋過(guò)去一年的數(shù)據(jù)，因?yàn)樾鹿谝咔樽尭鲊?guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)陷入了危機(jī)，并改變了數(shù)百萬(wàn)人的工作方式。但是研究作者指出，由于零工經(jīng)濟(jì)和遠(yuǎn)程辦公等現(xiàn)象的出現(xiàn)，這些年來(lái)過(guò)勞問(wèn)題愈演愈烈，疫情很可能加劇了這一趨勢(shì)。

"Teleworking has become the norm in many industries, often blurring the boundaries between home and work," Ghebreyesus said. "In addition, many businesses have been forced to scale back or shut down operations to save money, and people who are still on the payroll end up working longer hours."

譚德塞表示：“遠(yuǎn)程辦公已經(jīng)成為很多行業(yè)的常規(guī)做法，而且通常會(huì)模糊家和工作之間的界限。此外，許多企業(yè)已被迫縮減人員規(guī)?；蛲I(yè)來(lái)省錢，結(jié)果在職員工的工作時(shí)間更長(zhǎng)了?！?/p>

Also, recessions like the one the world has seen in the past year are commonly followed by a rise in working hours, the researchers said.

研究人員稱，伴隨過(guò)去一年的這種全球性經(jīng)濟(jì)衰退而來(lái)的往往是工作時(shí)間的延長(zhǎng)。

The study found the highest health burdens from overwork in men and in workers who are middle-age or older. Regionally, people in Southeast Asia and the Western Pacific region had the most exposure to the risk. People in Europe had the lowest exposure.

研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，男性和中年以上員工過(guò)勞帶來(lái)的健康負(fù)擔(dān)最重。從地域來(lái)看，東南亞和西太平洋地區(qū)員工的過(guò)勞比例最大，而歐洲員工的過(guò)勞比例最小。

In the US, less than 5% of the population is exposed to long work hours, according to a map the WHO published with the study. That proportion is similar to Brazil and Canada — and much lower than Mexico and in countries across most of Central and South America.

世衛(wèi)組織在研究報(bào)告中發(fā)布的地圖顯示，在美國(guó)，不到5%的人工作時(shí)間過(guò)長(zhǎng)。巴西和加拿大也有類似的過(guò)勞比例，遠(yuǎn)低于墨西哥和中南美大部分地區(qū)的國(guó)家。

Several steps could help ease the burden on workers, the study states, including governments adopting and enforcing labor standards on working time.

該研究提出了幾個(gè)有助于減輕員工負(fù)擔(dān)的措施，包括政府采納和實(shí)施勞動(dòng)時(shí)間標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。

The authors also say employers should be more flexible in scheduling, and to agree with their employees on a maximum number of working hours. In another step, the study suggests workers arrange to share hours so no one is working 55 or more hours in a week.

研究作者還指出，雇主應(yīng)該靈活安排工作日程，并和員工就勞動(dòng)時(shí)間上限達(dá)成一致。該研究還建議員工平攤工作時(shí)間，確保大家每周工作時(shí)間都不超過(guò)55個(gè)小時(shí)。

To compile the report, researchers reviewed and analyzed dozens of studies on heart disease and stroke. They then estimated workers' health risks based on data drawn from a number of sources, including more than 2,300 surveys on working hours that were conducted in 154 countries from the 1970s through 2018.

為了編纂這一報(bào)告，研究人員回顧和分析了數(shù)十項(xiàng)關(guān)于心臟病和中風(fēng)的研究。他們還基于多個(gè)來(lái)源提取的數(shù)據(jù)來(lái)估算員工的健康風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，這些來(lái)源包括20世紀(jì)70年代到2018年間在154個(gè)國(guó)家開(kāi)展的2300多項(xiàng)關(guān)于勞動(dòng)時(shí)間的調(diào)查。

英文來(lái)源：美國(guó)國(guó)家公共電臺(tái)

翻譯&編輯：丹妮