為慶祝中國(guó)共產(chǎn)黨百年華誕，中國(guó)外文局所屬中國(guó)翻譯研究院聯(lián)合外文出版社，策劃推出《習(xí)近平談治國(guó)理政》重要概念漢英對(duì)照：建黨百年專題。本專題圍繞《習(xí)近平談治國(guó)理政》一、二、三卷中涉及的黨的路線、方針、政策以及自身建設(shè)等，精選100條重要核心概念，形成漢英對(duì)照版，供業(yè)界及相關(guān)人員參考。

1. 黨內(nèi)政治生活
political activities within the Party
intra-Party political activities

例句：要貫徹落實(shí)新形勢(shì)下黨內(nèi)政治生活的若干準(zhǔn)則，讓黨員、干部在黨內(nèi)政治生活中經(jīng)常接受政治體檢，打掃政治灰塵，凈化政治靈魂，增強(qiáng)政治免疫力。

——摘自習(xí)近平在主持中共十九屆中央政治局第六次集體學(xué)習(xí)時(shí)的講話，2018年6月29日

譯文：Party members and officials must act in accordance with the Regulations for Political Activities Within the Party in the New Era, and have regular political “health checks” through intra-Party activities. We can thereby “sweep off the dust”, keep our souls wholesome, and boost our immune system in the political realm.

– from the speech at the sixth group study session of the Political Bureau of the 19th CPC Central Committee, June 29, 2018

2. 政治紀(jì)律和政治規(guī)矩
political discipline and rules

例句：要嚴(yán)格遵守政治紀(jì)律和政治規(guī)矩，全面執(zhí)行黨內(nèi)政治生活準(zhǔn)則，確保黨中央政令暢通，確保局部服從全局，確保各項(xiàng)工作堅(jiān)持正確政治方向。
——摘自習(xí)近平在中共十九屆一中全會(huì)上的講話，2017年10月25日

譯文：We must abide by political discipline and rules, fully observe the regulations on intra-Party political activities, ensure the implementation of the Central Committee’s policies and decisions, make sure local interests submit to overall interests, and guarantee the right political orientation in all our work.
– from the speech at the First Plenary Session of the 19th CPC Central Committee, October 25, 2017

3. 正確政績(jī)觀
a sound/correct attitude towards performance (in our work)
the right approach to our job performance

例句：中央政治局的同志必須帶頭樹立正確政績(jī)觀，始終做老實(shí)人、說老實(shí)話、干老實(shí)事，自覺反對(duì)形式主義、官僚主義。

——摘自習(xí)近平在主持中共中央政治局民主生活會(huì)時(shí)的講話要點(diǎn)，2017年12月25日—26日

譯文：Members of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee must take the lead in having a correct attitude towards performance in our work; they must always be honest and do solid work, and conscientiously oppose the practice of favoring form over substance and bureaucratism.
– from the speech at a meeting of criticism and self-criticism among members of the Political Bureau of the 19th CPC Central Committee, December 25-26, 2017

4. “四風(fēng)”
the Four Malfeasances

釋義：“四風(fēng)”，指形式主義、官僚主義、享樂主義和奢靡之風(fēng)。
譯文：The Four Malfeasances refer to favoring form over substance, bureaucratism, hedonism, and extravagance.

例句1：“四風(fēng)”問題具有頑固性反復(fù)性，糾正“四風(fēng)”不能止步，作風(fēng)建設(shè)永遠(yuǎn)在路上。

——摘自習(xí)近平在主持中共中央政治局民主生活會(huì)時(shí)的講話要點(diǎn)，2017年12月25日—26日

譯文：The Four Malfeasances are difficult to eradicate. Therefore, we should never slacken our efforts in rectifying these problems, and there is no end to the task of improving our conduct.
– from the speech at a meeting of criticism and self-criticism among members of the Political Bureau of the 19th CPC Central Committee, December 25-26, 2017

例句2：要加強(qiáng)作風(fēng)建設(shè)，堅(jiān)決糾正“四風(fēng)”特別是形式主義、官僚主義。
——摘自習(xí)近平在全國(guó)宣傳思想工作會(huì)議上的講話要點(diǎn)，2018年8月21日

譯文：We must improve our conduct, and oppose the practice of favoring form over substance, bureaucratism, hedonism, and extravagance, the first two in particular.
– from main points of the speech at the National Conference on Public Communication, August 21, 2018

5. “四大考驗(yàn)”“四種危險(xiǎn)”
the Four Tests and Four Risks

釋義1：“四大考驗(yàn)”，指執(zhí)政考驗(yàn)、改革開放考驗(yàn)、市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)考驗(yàn)、外部環(huán)境考驗(yàn)。
譯文：The Four Tests refer to exercising governance, carrying out reform and opening up, developing the market economy and responding to external development.

釋義2：“四種危險(xiǎn)”，指精神懈怠危險(xiǎn)、能力不足危險(xiǎn)、脫離群眾危險(xiǎn)、消極腐敗危險(xiǎn)。
譯文：The Four Risks refer to lack of drive, incompetence, disengagement from the people, and inaction and corruption.

例句：我們要經(jīng)受住“四大考驗(yàn)”、抵御住“四種危險(xiǎn)”，必須立足當(dāng)前、著眼長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)，深刻認(rèn)識(shí)共產(chǎn)主義遠(yuǎn)大理想和中國(guó)特色社會(huì)主義共同理想的辯證關(guān)系，既不能離開發(fā)展中國(guó)特色社會(huì)主義事業(yè)、實(shí)現(xiàn)民族復(fù)興的現(xiàn)實(shí)工作而空談遠(yuǎn)大理想，也不能因?yàn)閷?shí)現(xiàn)共產(chǎn)主義是一個(gè)漫長(zhǎng)的歷史過程就諱言甚至丟掉遠(yuǎn)大理想。

——摘自習(xí)近平在中共十九屆中央紀(jì)委二次全會(huì)上的講話，2018年1月11日

譯文：We must withstand the Four Tests, and overcome the Four Risks. We should take account of today’s realities to plan for the future. We should have a deep understanding of the dialectical relationship between the long-term goal of communism and the common ideal of building socialism with Chinese characteristics. The communist ideals would be no more than empty talk without our current efforts to develop Chinese socialism and to rejuvenate the Chinese nation. But we should not avoid talking about these ideals or abandon them simply because they will take a long time to achieve.

– from the speech at the Second Plenary Session of the 19th CPC Central Commission for Discipline Inspection, January 11, 2018

6. 黨內(nèi)監(jiān)督
intra-Party oversight
scrutiny within the Party

例句：構(gòu)建黨統(tǒng)一指揮、全面覆蓋、權(quán)威高效的監(jiān)督體系，把黨內(nèi)監(jiān)督同國(guó)家機(jī)關(guān)監(jiān)督、民主監(jiān)督、司法監(jiān)督、群眾監(jiān)督、輿論監(jiān)督貫通起來，增強(qiáng)監(jiān)督合力。

——摘自習(xí)近平在中國(guó)共產(chǎn)黨第十九次全國(guó)代表大會(huì)上的報(bào)告，2017年10月18日

譯文：We will establish an authoritative, efficient oversight system with complete coverage under the Party’s unified command; and integrate intra-Party oversight with oversight by state organs, democratic oversight, judicial oversight, public oversight, and oversight through public opinion. All this will create a powerful synergy for conducting oversight.

– from the Report to the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, October 18, 2017

7. 監(jiān)督執(zhí)紀(jì)“四種形態(tài)”
the four forms of oversight over discipline compliance

釋義：監(jiān)督執(zhí)紀(jì)“四種形態(tài)”，指經(jīng)常開展批評(píng)和自我批評(píng)、約談函詢，讓“紅紅臉、出出汗”成為常態(tài)；黨紀(jì)輕處分、組織調(diào)整成為違紀(jì)處理的大多數(shù)；黨紀(jì)重處分、重大職務(wù)調(diào)整的成為少數(shù)；嚴(yán)重違紀(jì)涉嫌違法立案審查的成為極少數(shù)。

譯文：The four forms of oversight over discipline compliance are: (1) criticism and self-criticism meetings and oral and written inquiries which are to be conducted regularly, to ensure that those who have committed minor misconduct are made to “flush and sweat”, be embarrassed and ashamed of themselves; (2) light penalties and minor organizational adjustments to official positions, which are to be applied in the majority of cases; (3) heavy penalties and major adjustments to official positions, which are to be applied in a small number of cases; and (4) investigation and prosecution, which are to be undertaken in a very small number of cases involving serious violations of discipline and suspected criminal activity.

例句：這些年，我們總結(jié)黨的歷史經(jīng)驗(yàn)和從嚴(yán)治黨新要求，提出并實(shí)踐監(jiān)督執(zhí)紀(jì)“四種形態(tài)”，在高壓震懾和政策感召下，一些犯錯(cuò)誤甚至犯嚴(yán)重錯(cuò)誤的干部，主動(dòng)向組織講清楚問題，得到寬大處理；一些游走在違紀(jì)邊緣的干部受到警示，懸崖勒馬、迷途知返；還有更多干部受到警醒，知敬畏、存戒懼、守底線，真正體現(xiàn)了黨的政策和策略，體現(xiàn)對(duì)干部的最大關(guān)心和愛護(hù)。

——摘自習(xí)近平在中共十九屆中央紀(jì)委二次全會(huì)上的講話，2018年1月11日

譯文：In recent years, we have put forward the four forms of oversight over discipline compliance based on past experience and new requirements for strengthening Party discipline. In response, some officials have confessed on their own initiative their lapses and serious mistakes to the Party organization, and they have been treated leniently. Some others, on the brink of violating discipline, have returned to the right path after receiving warnings and before it was too late. Inspired by these examples, most officials hold discipline in awe and abide by principles. This demonstrates the effect of the Party’s policies and methods and its full concern and care for officials.

– from the speech at the Second Plenary Session of the 19th CPC Central Commission for Discipline Inspection, January 11, 2018

8. 批評(píng)和自我批評(píng)
criticism and self-criticism

例句：領(lǐng)導(dǎo)干部要以上率下，帶頭深入學(xué)習(xí)新時(shí)代中國(guó)特色社會(huì)主義思想，帶頭增強(qiáng)“四個(gè)意識(shí)”、堅(jiān)定“四個(gè)自信”、做到“兩個(gè)維護(hù)”，帶頭不忘初心、牢記使命，帶頭運(yùn)用批評(píng)和自我批評(píng)武器，帶頭堅(jiān)持真理、修正錯(cuò)誤。

——摘自習(xí)近平在主持中共十九屆中央政治局第十五次集體學(xué)習(xí)時(shí)的講話，2019年6月24日

譯文：They need to lead by example in studying the Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era, in strengthening their commitment to the Four Consciousnesses, the Four-sphere Confidence and the Two Upholds, in staying true to our original aspiration and founding mission, in carrying out criticism and self-criticism, and in upholding truth and rectifying errors.
– from the speech at the 15th group study session of the Political Bureau of the 19th CPC Central Committee, June 24, 2019

9. 新時(shí)代黨的組織路線
the Party’s organizational line/principle in the new era

例句：新時(shí)代黨的組織路線是理論的也是實(shí)踐的，要在推進(jìn)黨的建設(shè)新的偉大工程、落實(shí)全面從嚴(yán)治黨的實(shí)踐中切實(shí)貫徹落實(shí)。

——摘自習(xí)近平在全國(guó)組織工作會(huì)議上的講話，2018年7月3日

譯文：The Party’s organizational line in the new era is both theoretical and applicable; it must be fully implemented in the great new project of strengthening the Party and its self-governance.

– from the speech at the CPC’s National Conference on Organizational Work, July 3, 2018

10. “三會(huì)一課”制度
the Three Meetings and One Lecture system

例句1：對(duì)于“三會(huì)一課”制度，我們支部是認(rèn)真執(zhí)行的，從中央、從我本人做起，以上率下，要認(rèn)真地做好這個(gè)事情。我們?cè)谧拿總€(gè)人，都是一名普通的共產(chǎn)黨員，在黨內(nèi)生活中是平等的。在黨內(nèi)平等地過組織生活，這是遵守黨章、做一名合格共產(chǎn)黨員的基本要求。

——摘自習(xí)近平以普通黨員身份參加所在黨支部專題組織生活會(huì)時(shí)的即席講話要點(diǎn)，2017年8月13日

譯文：As for the Three Meetings and One Lecture system, our Party branch has carried it out thoroughly. We should do it with great care, starting from the Central Committee, and myself, setting a good example. Everyone here today is an ordinary Party member, equal at our organizational activities. It is an essential requirement to observe the Party Constitution and better meet the standards for Party members.

– from points raised by Xi Jinping at a Party branch meeting in his capacity as an individual Party member, August 13, 2017

例句2：堅(jiān)持“三會(huì)一課”制度，推進(jìn)黨的基層組織設(shè)置和活動(dòng)方式創(chuàng)新，加強(qiáng)基層黨組織帶頭人隊(duì)伍建設(shè)，擴(kuò)大基層黨組織覆蓋面，著力解決一些基層黨組織弱化、虛化、邊緣化問題。

——摘自習(xí)近平在中國(guó)共產(chǎn)黨第十九次全國(guó)代表大會(huì)上的報(bào)告，2017年10月18日

譯文：We must practice the system of holding Party branch general meetings, meetings of Party branch committees, Party group meetings, and Party lectures. We will develop new ways for setting up primary-level Party organizations and for them to carry out their activities, strengthen the training of their heads, and expand their reach. We must work harder to address the problems that some primary-level Party organizations are weak, ineffective, and marginalized.

– from the Report to the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, October 18, 2017