二、不斷拓展新時(shí)代中非各領(lǐng)域合作
II.All-Round China-Africa Cooperationin the New Era

中非雙方高度信任，中非友誼堅(jiān)如磐石。中國(guó)致力于不斷鞏固中非政治互信，深化各領(lǐng)域務(wù)實(shí)合作，為非洲和平與發(fā)展提供力所能及的幫助，中國(guó)對(duì)非合作一直走在國(guó)際對(duì)非合作的前列。經(jīng)過幾十年辛勤澆灌，中非合作枝繁葉茂，成長(zhǎng)為參天大樹，任何力量都無(wú)法撼動(dòng)。當(dāng)前，中非關(guān)系處于歷史最好時(shí)期，中非合作成果遍布非洲大地，改善了非洲經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)發(fā)展條件，給雙方人民帶來(lái)了實(shí)實(shí)在在的好處。
China and Africa trust each other and China-Africa friendship is rock-solid. China is committed to consolidating China-Africa political mutual trust, expanding pragmatic cooperation with Africa in various areas, and extending its help to boost peace and development in the continent. China has always been on the forefront of international cooperation with Africa. After years of dedicated efforts, the tree of China-Africa cooperation has flourished – it is tall and strong, and cannot be shaken by any force. China-Africa friendship is in its prime. The fruitful results of China-Africa cooperation can be seen across the continent. It has improved the conditions for economic and social development in Africa and brought tangible benefits to people in both China and Africa.

（一）政治互信持續(xù)深化
1. Mutual Political Trust

新中國(guó)成立以來(lái)，無(wú)論國(guó)際風(fēng)云如何變幻，中國(guó)和非洲國(guó)家始終是風(fēng)雨同舟的好朋友、休戚與共的好伙伴、肝膽相照的好兄弟。2006年中非合作論壇北京峰會(huì)確立中非新型戰(zhàn)略伙伴關(guān)系。2015年中非合作論壇約翰內(nèi)斯堡峰會(huì)確立中非全面戰(zhàn)略合作伙伴關(guān)系。2018年中非合作論壇北京峰會(huì)確定構(gòu)建更加緊密的中非命運(yùn)共同體，推動(dòng)中非關(guān)系進(jìn)入歷史最好時(shí)期。
Since the founding of the PRC in 1949, China and African countries have always been good friends who stand together through prosperity and adversity, good partners who share weal and woe, and good comrades who fully trust each other in a shifting international landscape. In 2006, the FOCAC Beijing Summit decided to establish a new type of China-Africa strategic partnership. In 2015, the FOCAC Johannesburg Summit decided to build a China-Africa comprehensive strategic and cooperative partnership. In the 2018 FOCAC Beijing Summit, the two sides agreed to build an even stronger China-Africa community of shared future, raising China-Africa relations to a new level.

高層交往對(duì)中非關(guān)系發(fā)展發(fā)揮著重要引領(lǐng)作用，雙方領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人就雙邊關(guān)系和共同關(guān)心的重大問題加強(qiáng)溝通協(xié)調(diào)，為鞏固傳統(tǒng)友誼、增強(qiáng)政治互信，維護(hù)共同利益、共謀發(fā)展合作提供了有力政治保障。2013年3月，習(xí)近平主席就任國(guó)家主席后首次出訪就遠(yuǎn)赴非洲，至今已四次訪非，足跡遍及非洲東西南北中。2018年中非合作論壇北京峰會(huì)期間，習(xí)近平主席同與會(huì)的50余位非洲國(guó)家領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人逐一會(huì)面，敘友情、商合作、話未來(lái)，并出席近70場(chǎng)雙多邊活動(dòng)。2018年中非合作論壇北京峰會(huì)后，17位非洲領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人先后來(lái)華訪問或出席會(huì)議。新冠肺炎疫情發(fā)生后，雙方領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人通過視頻、通話等形式保持交往和溝通。2020年6月，習(xí)近平主席以視頻形式主持召開中非團(tuán)結(jié)抗疫特別峰會(huì)，13位非洲領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人和非盟委員會(huì)主席出席。疫情以來(lái)，習(xí)近平主席先后同非洲各國(guó)元首通話17次，保持了中非高層交往的密度和熱度。習(xí)近平主席對(duì)非洲朋友真誠(chéng)友好、平等相待，與非洲領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人建立深厚的友誼和信任，以元首外交引領(lǐng)了中非關(guān)系行穩(wěn)致遠(yuǎn)。
High-level exchanges play an important role in developing China-Africa relations. State leaders of the two sides value communication and coordination on bilateral relations and major issues of common interest. Their exchanges have laid solid political groundwork for consolidating traditional friendship, increasing mutual political trust, safeguarding common interests, and pursuing development and cooperation. In March 2013, President Xi Jinping visited Africa, his first official overseas visit after assuming the office of president. To date he has made four visits to different locations across the continent.During the 2018 FOCAC Beijing Summit, President Xi had one-on-one meetings with more than 50 African leaders, renewing friendships, exploring cooperation, and discussing the future. He also attended close to 70 bilateral and multilateral events.

After the FOCAC Beijing Summit in 2018, 17 African leaders came to China for state visits or meetings. Following the outbreak of the Covid-19 pandemic, state leaders of the two sides have maintained contacts and communication via video and phone calls. In June 2020, President Xi Jinping presided over the Extraordinary China-Africa Summit on Solidarity Against Covid-19 via video link. Thirteen African leaders and chairperson of the AU Commission attended the summit. Since the pandemic struck, President Xi has talked by phone with African state leaders on 17 occasions, maintaining close high-level contacts and exchanges with his African counterparts. President Xi has always treated African friends as equals, and fostered solid friendships and profound trust with African leaders. This head-of-state diplomacy has guided China-Africa relations to steady and sustained prosperity.

中非雙方不斷豐富和完善政府間對(duì)話、磋商及合作機(jī)制，充分發(fā)揮統(tǒng)籌協(xié)調(diào)作用，促進(jìn)中非各領(lǐng)域合作全方位發(fā)展。中國(guó)同非洲9國(guó)建立全面戰(zhàn)略合作伙伴關(guān)系，同3國(guó)建立全面戰(zhàn)略伙伴關(guān)系，同6國(guó)建立戰(zhàn)略伙伴關(guān)系，同7國(guó)建立全面合作伙伴關(guān)系。中國(guó)已同21個(gè)非洲國(guó)家和非盟委員會(huì)建立雙邊委員會(huì)、外交磋商或戰(zhàn)略對(duì)話機(jī)制，同51個(gè)非洲國(guó)家建立經(jīng)貿(mào)聯(lián)（混）合委員會(huì)機(jī)制。2016年，中國(guó)同非盟建立人權(quán)磋商機(jī)制。2017年，中國(guó)同南非建立中非間首個(gè)政府間高級(jí)別人文交流機(jī)制。中非地方合作迸發(fā)活力，2012年以來(lái)，中非雙方已舉辦4屆中非地方政府合作論壇。截至目前，中非雙方共締結(jié)160對(duì)友好省市，其中2013年以來(lái)新增友好省市48對(duì)。
China and Africa consistently work to diversify and improve intergovernmental dialogue, consultation and cooperation mechanisms. They make the most of the coordinating role of the mechanism to promote all-round development of China-Africa cooperation in various areas. China has established a comprehensive strategic and cooperative partnership with nine African countries, a comprehensive strategic partnership with three, a strategic partnership with six, and a comprehensive cooperative partnership with seven. China has set up bi-national commissions and diplomatic consultation or strategic dialogue mechanisms with 21 African countries and the AU Commission, and joint (mixed) committees on trade and economic cooperation with 51 African countries. In 2016, China and the AU established a consultation mechanism on human rights. In 2017, China established the High-Level People-to-People Exchange Mechanism with South Africa, the first of its kind between China and an African country. China-Africa cooperation at the local level is flourishing. The two sides have held four cooperation forums between local governments since 2012. There are currently 160 pairings of sister provinces/cities between China and African countries, 48 of which have been established since 2013.

中國(guó)和非洲國(guó)家密切開展政黨、立法和協(xié)商機(jī)構(gòu)交往，構(gòu)建多層次、多渠道、多形式、全方位的友好合作。中國(guó)共產(chǎn)黨在獨(dú)立自主、完全平等、相互尊重、互不干涉內(nèi)部事務(wù)的原則基礎(chǔ)上，不斷密切同非洲國(guó)家政黨交流與合作，構(gòu)建求同存異、相互尊重、互學(xué)互鑒的新型政黨關(guān)系。雙方從立法和監(jiān)督方面發(fā)揮積極影響，為中非合作和交往提供政策支持和保障。全國(guó)人大與埃及、南非、肯尼亞議會(huì)建立定期交流機(jī)制，與35個(gè)非洲國(guó)家議會(huì)建有雙邊友好小組。全國(guó)政協(xié)及所屬機(jī)構(gòu)已同39個(gè)非洲國(guó)家的59個(gè)機(jī)構(gòu)開展交往。2019年6月，全國(guó)政協(xié)成立中非友好小組，是全國(guó)政協(xié)歷史上第一個(gè)對(duì)外友好小組。
China and African countries conduct close exchanges between political parties, legislative bodies and consultative bodies, building multi-level, multi-channel, multi-form and multi-dimensional friendly cooperation. The Communist Party of China expands exchanges and cooperation with political parties in African countries based on the principles of independence, equality, mutual respect and non-interference in each other’s internal affairs. It is committed to building a new type of relations between political parties in which different political parties seek common ground while setting aside differences, and they respect and learn from each other. The two sides make full use of the positive role of legislation and supervision to provide policy support for bilateral cooperation and exchanges. The National People’s Congress of China has established mechanisms for regular exchanges with parliaments in Egypt, South Africa and Kenya, and bilateral friendship groups with parliaments in 35 African countries. The National Committee of the Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC) and its subsidiary organs maintain contacts with 59 institutions in 39 African countries. In June 2019, the CPPCC National Committee established the China-Africa Friendship Group, the first of its kind in the history of the CPPCC.

近年來(lái)，更多非洲國(guó)家加入中非友好大家庭，中國(guó)分別同岡比亞（2016年3月17日）、圣多美和普林西比（2016年12月26日）、布基納法索（2018年5月26日）恢復(fù)大使級(jí)外交關(guān)系。目前，中國(guó)已經(jīng)同除斯威士蘭以外的其他53個(gè)非洲國(guó)家建立外交關(guān)系。
Over the past years, more African countries have joined the extended family of China-Africa friendship. China restored ambassadorial-level diplomatic relations with The Gambia on March 17, 2016, with Sao Tome and Principe on December 26, 2016, and with Burkina Faso on May 26, 2018. China now has diplomatic relations with 53 African countries, with the sole exception of Eswatini.

中國(guó)積極發(fā)展同非盟及非洲次區(qū)域組織合作。2012年1月，中國(guó)援建的非盟會(huì)議中心項(xiàng)目建成并投入使用，這是繼坦贊鐵路之后中國(guó)在非最大援助項(xiàng)目。2014年中國(guó)設(shè)立駐非盟使團(tuán)，標(biāo)志中國(guó)與非盟關(guān)系發(fā)展進(jìn)入新階段。中國(guó)重視并堅(jiān)定支持非盟在推進(jìn)非洲聯(lián)合自強(qiáng)和一體化進(jìn)程中發(fā)揮領(lǐng)導(dǎo)作用、在維護(hù)非洲和平安全中發(fā)揮主導(dǎo)作用、在地區(qū)和國(guó)際事務(wù)中發(fā)揮更大作用，支持非盟通過《2063議程》及實(shí)施第一個(gè)十年規(guī)劃。
China has been active in developing cooperation with the AU and African sub-regional organizations. The AU Conference Center, which was built with Chinese assistance, was inaugurated in January 2012. It was the second-largest project in Africa to be built with China’s assistance after the Tanzania-Zambia Railway. In 2014, China sent a mission to the AU, marking a new stage of China-AU relations. China values the AU’s leading role in advancing African integration and building a stronger African continent through unity, and supports its dominant role in safeguarding peace and security in Africa. China also supports the AU in playing a bigger role in regional and international affairs, adopting Agenda 2063, and executing the First Ten-Year Implementation Plan.

中國(guó)以觀察員身份多次應(yīng)邀出席西非國(guó)家經(jīng)濟(jì)共同體（西共體）、南部非洲發(fā)展共同體（南共體）、東非共同體（東共體）、東非政府間發(fā)展組織（伊加特）、中部非洲國(guó)家經(jīng)濟(jì)共同體（中共體）等次區(qū)域組織峰會(huì)等重要活動(dòng)，并向西共體、南共體、東共體派駐大使。
In a capacity of observer, China has attended the summit of many African sub-regional organizations including the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS), the Southern African Development Community (SADC), the East African Community (EAC), and the Intergovernmental Authority on Development and the Economic Community of Central African States. China has sent ambassadors to the ECOWAS, SADC and EAC.

（二）經(jīng)濟(jì)合作迅速發(fā)展
2. Rapidly Expanding Economic Cooperation

中非經(jīng)貿(mào)合作加速發(fā)展，深度廣度不斷拓展。中非合作論壇約翰內(nèi)斯堡峰會(huì)和北京峰會(huì)分別宣布實(shí)施“十大合作計(jì)劃”和“八大行動(dòng)”，將中非經(jīng)貿(mào)合作水平推向歷史新高。
China and Africa have seen economic and trade cooperation expanding rapidly in scale and extent. The 10 major cooperation plans and the eight major initiatives adopted at the 2015 FOCAC Johannesburg Summit and the 2018 FOCAC Beijing Summit raised China-Africa economic and trade cooperation to a new level.

——加大發(fā)展援助。中國(guó)在實(shí)現(xiàn)自身發(fā)展的進(jìn)程中，始終關(guān)注和支持非洲國(guó)家改善民生、謀求發(fā)展的事業(yè)。進(jìn)入新時(shí)代，中國(guó)在力所能及的基礎(chǔ)上不斷加大對(duì)非援助。2013年至2018年中國(guó)對(duì)外援助金額為2702億元人民幣，其中對(duì)非洲國(guó)家的援助占比44.65%，包括無(wú)償援助、無(wú)息貸款和優(yōu)惠貸款。2000年至2020年，建成的公路鐵路超過13000公里，建設(shè)了80多個(gè)大型電力設(shè)施，援建了130多個(gè)醫(yī)療設(shè)施、45個(gè)體育館、170多所學(xué)校，為非洲培訓(xùn)各領(lǐng)域人才共計(jì)16萬(wàn)余名，打造了非盟會(huì)議中心等一系列中非合作“金字招牌”，涉及經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)生活的方方面面，受到非洲國(guó)家政府和人民的廣泛歡迎和支持。中國(guó)已宣布免除與中國(guó)有外交關(guān)系的非洲最不發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家、重債窮國(guó)、內(nèi)陸發(fā)展中國(guó)家、小島嶼發(fā)展中國(guó)家截至2018年底到期未償還政府間無(wú)息貸款。新冠肺炎疫情發(fā)生后，中國(guó)宣布免除15個(gè)非洲國(guó)家2020年底到期的無(wú)息貸款債務(wù)。
– Increasing development assistance. While pursuing its own growth, China supports African countries in seeking development and improving their people’s lives. In the new era, China has scaled up assistance to Africa. Foreign aid from 2013 to 2018 totaled RMB270 billion. Of this sum, 45 percent went to African countries in the form of grants, interest-free loans and concessional loans. From 2000 to 2020, China helped African countries build more than 13,000 km of roads and railway and more than 80 large-scale power facilities, and funded over 130 medical facilities, 45 sports venues and over 170 schools. It also trained more than 160,000 personnel for Africa, and built a series of flagship projects including the AU Conference Center. China’s assistance extended to various aspects of the economy, society and people’s lives, and was widely welcomed and supported by governments in Africa and the people. China has announced an exemption from debt incurred in the form of interest-free Chinese government loans due to mature by the end of 2018. It will apply to Africa’s least developed countries, heavily indebted and poor countries, landlocked developing countries and small island developing countries that have diplomatic relations with China. During the Covid-19 pandemic, China cancelled the outstanding debts of 15 African countries in the form of interest-free loans that matured at the end of 2020.、

——加速貿(mào)易發(fā)展。中國(guó)自2009年起連續(xù)12年穩(wěn)居非洲第一大貿(mào)易伙伴國(guó)地位，中非貿(mào)易額占非洲整體外貿(mào)總額比重連年上升，2020年超過21%。中非貿(mào)易結(jié)構(gòu)持續(xù)優(yōu)化，中國(guó)對(duì)非出口技術(shù)含量顯著提高，機(jī)電產(chǎn)品、高新技術(shù)產(chǎn)品對(duì)非出口額占比超過50%。中國(guó)主動(dòng)擴(kuò)大自非洲非資源類產(chǎn)品進(jìn)口，對(duì)非洲33個(gè)最不發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家97%稅目輸華產(chǎn)品提供零關(guān)稅待遇，幫助更多非洲農(nóng)業(yè)、制造業(yè)產(chǎn)品進(jìn)入中國(guó)市場(chǎng)。據(jù)統(tǒng)計(jì)，2017年以來(lái)中國(guó)從非洲服務(wù)進(jìn)口年均增長(zhǎng)20%，每年為非洲創(chuàng)造近40萬(wàn)個(gè)就業(yè)崗位。近年來(lái)，中國(guó)自非農(nóng)產(chǎn)品進(jìn)口持續(xù)增長(zhǎng)，已成為非洲第二大農(nóng)產(chǎn)品出口目的國(guó)。中非電子商務(wù)等貿(mào)易新業(yè)態(tài)蓬勃發(fā)展，“絲路電商”合作不斷推進(jìn)，中國(guó)已與盧旺達(dá)建立電子商務(wù)合作機(jī)制，中國(guó)企業(yè)積極投資海外倉(cāng)建設(shè)，非洲優(yōu)質(zhì)特色產(chǎn)品通過電子商務(wù)直接對(duì)接中國(guó)市場(chǎng)。中國(guó)－毛里求斯自貿(mào)協(xié)定于2021年1月1日正式生效，成為中非間首個(gè)自貿(mào)協(xié)定，為中非經(jīng)貿(mào)合作注入新動(dòng)力。
– Booming trade relations. China has been Africa’s largest trading partner for the 12 years since 2009. The proportion of Africa’s trade with China in the continent’s total external trade has continued to rise. In 2020, the figure exceeded 21 percent. The structure of China-Africa trade is improving. There has been a marked increase in technology in China’s exports to Africa, with the export of mechanical and electrical products and high-tech products now accounting for more than 50 percent of the total. China has increased its imports of non-resource products from Africa, and offered zero-tariff treatment to 97 percent of taxable items exported to China by the 33 least-developed countries in Africa, with the goal of helping more African agricultural and manufactured goods gain access to the Chinese market. China’s imports in services from Africa have been growing at an average annual rate of 20 percent since 2017, creating close to 400,000 jobs for the continent every year. In recent years, China’s imports of agricultural products from Africa have also risen, and China has emerged as the second largest destination for Africa’s agricultural exports. China and Africa have seen booming trade in new business models including cross-border e-commerce. Cooperation under the Silk Road E-commerce initiative has advanced. China has built a mechanism for e-commerce cooperation with Rwanda, and Chinese businesses have been active in investing in overseas order fulfillment centers. High-quality and special products from Africa are now directly available to the Chinese market via e-commerce platforms. The China-Mauritius free trade agreement (FTA), which became effective on January 1 2021, was the first FTA between China and an African country. It has injected new vitality into China-Africa economic and trade cooperation.

——促進(jìn)投融資合作。投融資合作是近年來(lái)中非合作最大亮點(diǎn)之一，為非洲經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)發(fā)展注入“血液”。結(jié)合非洲需要和中國(guó)優(yōu)勢(shì)，中國(guó)鼓勵(lì)和支持中國(guó)企業(yè)擴(kuò)大和優(yōu)化對(duì)非投資，為符合條件的項(xiàng)目提供融資及出口信用保險(xiǎn)支持。在中國(guó)政府、金融機(jī)構(gòu)和各類企業(yè)合力推動(dòng)下，中國(guó)對(duì)非投資呈現(xiàn)良好發(fā)展態(tài)勢(shì)，廣泛涉及礦業(yè)開采、加工冶煉、裝備制造、農(nóng)業(yè)開發(fā)、家電生產(chǎn)、航空服務(wù)、醫(yī)藥衛(wèi)生、數(shù)字經(jīng)濟(jì)等產(chǎn)業(yè)，幫助非方提升了有關(guān)產(chǎn)業(yè)工業(yè)化水平、產(chǎn)業(yè)配套和出口創(chuàng)匯能力。
– Promoting cooperation in investment and financing. Cooperation in investment and financing has been one of the success stories of China-Africa cooperation in recent years, bringing new vitality into Africa’s economic and social development. Combining Africa’s needs and China’s strengths, China encourages its companies to increase and optimize investment in Africa, providing support in financing and export credit insurance for eligible projects. Thanks to the combined efforts of the Chinese government, financial institutions, and enterprises, China’s investment in Africa has built up sound momentum. It covers a wide range of fields including mining, processing and smelting of ores, equipment manufacturing, agriculture, home appliance production, aviation services, medicine and health, and the digital economy. With this help, African countries have been able to upgrade their industrialization, improve their industries, and increase their capacity to earn foreign exchange through exports.

截至2020年底，中國(guó)企業(yè)累計(jì)對(duì)非直接投資超過430億美元。中國(guó)在非洲設(shè)立各類企業(yè)超過3500家，民營(yíng)企業(yè)逐漸成為對(duì)非投資的主力，聘用非洲本地員工比例超80%，直接和間接創(chuàng)造了數(shù)百萬(wàn)個(gè)就業(yè)機(jī)會(huì)。
By the end of 2020, direct investment of Chinese companies in Africa had surpassed $43 billion. China has established over 3,500 companies of various types across the continent. Private companies have gradually become the main investment force in Africa; more than 80 percent of their employees are locals, and they have directly and indirectly created millions of jobs.

——助力非洲農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展。中國(guó)積極同非洲分享農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展經(jīng)驗(yàn)技術(shù)，支持非洲國(guó)家提高農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)和加工水平，推動(dòng)農(nóng)業(yè)產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈建設(shè)和貿(mào)易發(fā)展。2012年以來(lái)，在華培訓(xùn)非洲農(nóng)業(yè)學(xué)員7456人次；通過實(shí)施援非百名農(nóng)業(yè)專家、援非農(nóng)業(yè)專家組等項(xiàng)目，培訓(xùn)非洲當(dāng)?shù)?萬(wàn)余人次，建成23個(gè)農(nóng)業(yè)示范中心。截至目前，中國(guó)與23個(gè)非洲國(guó)家及地區(qū)組織建立農(nóng)業(yè)合作機(jī)制，簽署了雙多邊農(nóng)業(yè)合作文件72項(xiàng)。2012年以來(lái)，中國(guó)與20個(gè)非洲國(guó)家及地區(qū)組織簽署農(nóng)業(yè)合作文件31項(xiàng)。2019年中非舉辦首屆中非農(nóng)業(yè)合作論壇，成立中國(guó)－非盟農(nóng)業(yè)合作委員會(huì)，啟動(dòng)中非農(nóng)業(yè)現(xiàn)代化合作規(guī)劃和行動(dòng)計(jì)劃編制工作。截至2020年底，中國(guó)在非農(nóng)業(yè)投資企業(yè)超200家，涉及非洲國(guó)家共35個(gè)，投資存量11.1億美元，投資范圍涵蓋種植、養(yǎng)殖和農(nóng)產(chǎn)品加工等各產(chǎn)業(yè)，超過350余種非洲農(nóng)產(chǎn)品食品可開展對(duì)華貿(mào)易，中非農(nóng)業(yè)貿(mào)易穩(wěn)步增長(zhǎng)。
– Facilitating agricultural development in Africa. China has always been willing to share agricultural development experience and technology with Africa, to support African countries in improving agricultural production and processing, and to help them in building their agricultural value chains and trade. Since 2012, 7,456 African trainees have received agricultural training in China. Through projects such as sending Chinese agricultural experts to Africa, more than 50,000 Africans have been trained and 23 agricultural demonstration centers have been built. To date, China has established agricultural cooperation mechanisms with 23 African countries and regional organizations, and signed 72 bilateral and multilateral agricultural cooperation agreements. Since 2012, China has signed 31 agricultural cooperation agreements with 20 African countries and regional organizations. In 2019, the First China-Africa Agriculture Cooperation Forum was held, which announced the establishment of the China-AU Agriculture Cooperation Commission and the formulation of a program of action to promote China-Africa cooperation in agricultural modernization. By the end of 2020, more than 200 Chinese companies had an investment stock of $1.11 billion in agricultural sector in 35 African countries. Their investments cover areas such as planting, breeding and processing. More than 350 types of African agricultural products can be traded with China. All this ensures steady growth in China-Africa agricultural trade.

——助力非洲工業(yè)化。工業(yè)化是非洲實(shí)現(xiàn)包容性和持續(xù)性發(fā)展的前提，是創(chuàng)造就業(yè)、消除貧困、提高生活水平的關(guān)鍵。中國(guó)支持非洲國(guó)家根據(jù)自身國(guó)情和發(fā)展需求，改善投資軟硬環(huán)境，以產(chǎn)業(yè)對(duì)接和產(chǎn)能合作為龍頭，助力非洲工業(yè)化和經(jīng)濟(jì)多元化進(jìn)程。截至目前，中國(guó)與15個(gè)非洲國(guó)家建立產(chǎn)能合作機(jī)制。中國(guó)與非洲國(guó)家合作建設(shè)經(jīng)貿(mào)合作區(qū)、經(jīng)濟(jì)特區(qū)、工業(yè)園區(qū)、科技園區(qū)，吸引中國(guó)等各國(guó)企業(yè)赴非投資，建立生產(chǎn)和加工基地并開展本土化經(jīng)營(yíng)，增加當(dāng)?shù)鼐蜆I(yè)和稅收，促進(jìn)產(chǎn)業(yè)升級(jí)和技術(shù)合作。中非產(chǎn)能合作基金圍繞非洲“三網(wǎng)一化”（高速鐵路網(wǎng)、高速公路網(wǎng)、區(qū)域航空網(wǎng)和工業(yè)化）建設(shè)戰(zhàn)略開發(fā)業(yè)務(wù)，截至2021年3月，累計(jì)投資21個(gè)項(xiàng)目，涉及能源、資源、制造業(yè)等多個(gè)領(lǐng)域，有力帶動(dòng)非洲國(guó)家產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展。數(shù)十家中資企業(yè)與非洲企業(yè)合作建設(shè)光伏電站，累計(jì)裝機(jī)容量超過1.5吉瓦（GW），填補(bǔ)非洲光伏產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈空白，有效緩解當(dāng)?shù)赜秒娋o缺問題并促進(jìn)低碳減排。
– Contributing to industrialization in Africa. Industrialization is a prerequisite for the continent to achieve inclusive and sustainable development, and is also the key to creating jobs, eradicating poverty, and improving living standards. China supports African countries in improving their “soft” and “hard” environment for investment in accordance with their national conditions and development needs. Taking industrial alignment and capacity cooperation as the engine, China helps advance the process of Africa’s industrialization and economic diversification. To date, China has established industrial capacity cooperation mechanisms with 15 countries in Africa. China and African countries have worked together to build economic and trade cooperation zones, special economic zones, industrial parks and science parks, attracting enterprises from China and other countries to invest in Africa. They have built production and processing bases and localized their operations in Africa, contributing to an increase in local employment and tax revenues, and promoting industrial upgrading and technical cooperation. The China-Africa Fund for Production Capacity Cooperation has focused on the construction of highways, railways, and aviation networks, and industrialization in Africa. As of March 2021, investments had been made in 21 projects, covering energy, resources and manufacturing and boosting industrial development in recipient countries. Dozens of Chinese-funded enterprises have cooperated with African counterparts to build photovoltaic power stations, with a cumulative installed capacity exceeding 1.5 GW, which has helped create photovoltaic industry chains from scratch in Africa, while effectively alleviating power shortages and reducing carbon emissions.

——深化基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施合作。中國(guó)支持非洲將基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)作為經(jīng)濟(jì)振興的優(yōu)先發(fā)展方向，鼓勵(lì)和支持中國(guó)企業(yè)采取多種模式參與非洲基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)、投資、運(yùn)營(yíng)和管理。2016年至2020年，非洲開工建設(shè)的基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施項(xiàng)目總額近2000億美元，2020年中國(guó)企業(yè)實(shí)施的項(xiàng)目比已達(dá)31.4%。中非合作論壇成立以來(lái)，中國(guó)企業(yè)利用各類資金幫助非洲國(guó)家新增和升級(jí)鐵路超過1萬(wàn)公里、公路近10萬(wàn)公里、橋梁近千座、港口近百個(gè)、輸變電線路6.6萬(wàn)公里、電力裝機(jī)容量1.2億千瓦、通訊骨干網(wǎng)15萬(wàn)公里，網(wǎng)絡(luò)服務(wù)覆蓋近7億用戶終端。中國(guó)企業(yè)承建和運(yùn)營(yíng)的肯尼亞蒙內(nèi)鐵路是該國(guó)百年來(lái)第一條現(xiàn)代化鐵路，全部采用中國(guó)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)、中國(guó)技術(shù)、中國(guó)裝備，被譽(yù)為新時(shí)期中非“友誼之路”“合作之路”“共贏之路”，累計(jì)運(yùn)送旅客541.5萬(wàn)人次、發(fā)送集裝箱130.8萬(wàn)個(gè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)箱，對(duì)肯經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)貢獻(xiàn)率達(dá)到1.5%，累計(jì)直接和間接創(chuàng)造就業(yè)4.6萬(wàn)個(gè)。中國(guó)引導(dǎo)企業(yè)采用BOT（建設(shè)—經(jīng)營(yíng)—轉(zhuǎn)讓方式）、BOO（建設(shè)—擁有—經(jīng)營(yíng)方式）、PPP（政府與社會(huì)資本合作）等多種模式，推動(dòng)中非基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施合作向投資建設(shè)運(yùn)營(yíng)一體化模式轉(zhuǎn)型，促進(jìn)基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施項(xiàng)目可持續(xù)發(fā)展。
– Expanding cooperation in infrastructure. China supports Africa in making infrastructure development a priority for economic revitalization. It encourages and supports Chinese enterprises to adopt various models to participate in the construction, investment, operation and management of infrastructure projects in Africa. From 2016 to 2020, total investment in infrastructure projects in Africa reached almost $200 billion. Projects implemented by Chinese companies accounted for 31.4 percent of all infrastructure projects on the African continent in 2020. Since the founding of FOCAC, Chinese companies have utilized various funds to help African countries build and upgrade more than 10,000 km of railways, nearly 100,000 km of highways, nearly 1,000 bridges and 100 ports, and 66,000 km of power transmission and distribution. They have also helped build an installed power-generating capacity of 120 million kW, a communications backbone network of 150,000 km and a network service covering nearly 700 million user terminals. Built and operated by Chinese companies, the Mombasa-Nairobi Railway was the first modern railway to be built in Kenya in 100 years. Applying Chinese standards, technologies and equipment, the project has won praise as a road of friendship and cooperation, and a path towards win-win development between China and Africa in the new era. The railway has carried 5.4 million passengers and 1.3 million standard containers. It has contributed 1.5 percent to Kenya’s economic growth, and created 46,000 direct and indirect jobs. China has guided its enterprises to explore multiple forms of cooperation, such as BOT (build-operate-transfer), BOO (build-own-operate) and PPP (public-private partnership). Such efforts aim to transform China-Africa infrastructure cooperation to a wholly integrated model covering investment, construction and operation, and push forward the sustainable development of infrastructure projects.

——加強(qiáng)金融合作。中非金融機(jī)構(gòu)積極開發(fā)對(duì)方市場(chǎng)，雙方央行積極擴(kuò)大本幣結(jié)算和互換安排，推動(dòng)中非金融便利化水平穩(wěn)步提高。截至2021年10月，人民幣跨境支付系統(tǒng)（CIPS）有42家非洲地區(qū)間接參與者，覆蓋19個(gè)非洲國(guó)家。中國(guó)央行先后與南非、摩洛哥、埃及和尼日利亞央行簽署了本幣互換協(xié)議，金額總計(jì)730億元人民幣。中國(guó)已同埃及、南非、尼日利亞等7個(gè)非洲國(guó)家簽署了金融監(jiān)管合作諒解備忘錄，為雙方金融合作行穩(wěn)致遠(yuǎn)打牢基礎(chǔ)。中國(guó)加入非洲開發(fā)銀行、東南非貿(mào)易與開發(fā)銀行和西非開發(fā)銀行等多邊開發(fā)金融機(jī)構(gòu)。中國(guó)已累計(jì)向非洲開發(fā)銀行下的非洲開發(fā)基金承諾捐資9.96億美元。
– Strengthening financial cooperation. Financial institutions from both sides have been exploring each other’s markets. Their central banks have expanded the scale of local currency settlement and currency swap, leading to a steady improvement in China-Africa financial facilitation. As of October 2021, the Cross-Border Interbank Payment System (CIPS) had 42 indirect participants in Africa, covering 19 African countries. The People’s Bank of China (PBOC), China’s central bank, has signed successive currency swap agreements with the central banks of South Africa, Morocco, Egypt and Nigeria, to a total amount of RMB73 billion. China has signed a memorandum of understanding on cooperation in financial supervision with seven African countries including Egypt, South Africa and Nigeria, laying a solid foundation for steady and long-term bilateral financial cooperation. China has joined the African Development Bank (AfDB), the Eastern and Southern African Trade and Development Bank, the West African Development Bank and other multilateral development financial institutions. It has pledged to contribute a total of $996 million to the African Development Fund under the AfDB.

——拓展數(shù)字經(jīng)濟(jì)合作。中國(guó)積極幫助非洲國(guó)家消除“數(shù)字鴻溝”，中非“數(shù)字經(jīng)濟(jì)”合作發(fā)展迅速，從數(shù)字基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)到社會(huì)數(shù)字化轉(zhuǎn)型，物聯(lián)網(wǎng)、移動(dòng)金融等新技術(shù)應(yīng)用，全領(lǐng)域合作成果豐碩。中國(guó)企業(yè)參與了多條連接非洲和歐、亞、美洲大陸海纜工程；與非洲主流運(yùn)營(yíng)商合作基本實(shí)現(xiàn)非洲電信服務(wù)全覆蓋；建設(shè)了非洲一半以上無(wú)線站點(diǎn)及高速移動(dòng)寬帶網(wǎng)絡(luò)，累計(jì)鋪設(shè)超過20萬(wàn)公里光纖，幫助600萬(wàn)家庭實(shí)現(xiàn)寬帶上網(wǎng)，服務(wù)超過9億非洲人民。截至目前，超過15個(gè)非洲國(guó)家的17個(gè)城市、1500多家企業(yè)選擇中國(guó)企業(yè)作為數(shù)字化轉(zhuǎn)型伙伴，29個(gè)國(guó)家選擇中國(guó)企業(yè)提供的智慧政務(wù)服務(wù)方案；中非共同在南非建立了服務(wù)整個(gè)非洲區(qū)域的公有“云”，以及非洲首個(gè)5G獨(dú)立組網(wǎng)商用網(wǎng)絡(luò)。中非電子商務(wù)合作層次和內(nèi)涵不斷豐富，“絲路電商”云上大講堂有效提升伙伴國(guó)中小微企業(yè)數(shù)字素養(yǎng)，“雙品網(wǎng)購(gòu)節(jié)”絲路電商專場(chǎng)、“非洲產(chǎn)品電商推廣季”等活動(dòng)助力非洲優(yōu)質(zhì)產(chǎn)品進(jìn)入中國(guó)市場(chǎng)，中國(guó)企業(yè)積極參與非洲電子支付、智慧物流等公共服務(wù)平臺(tái)建設(shè)，在互聯(lián)互通中實(shí)現(xiàn)合作共贏。2021年8月，中非互聯(lián)網(wǎng)發(fā)展與合作論壇成功舉辦，中國(guó)宣布愿同非洲共同制定和實(shí)施“中非數(shù)字創(chuàng)新伙伴計(jì)劃”。
– Expanding cooperation in the digital economy. China is helping African countries to eliminate the digital divide. Rapid development and fruitful results have been achieved in this field – building digital infrastructure, transition towards a digital society, and the application of new technologies such as the Internet of Things and mobile finance. Chinese companies have participated in a number of submarine cable projects connecting Africa and Europe, Asia, and the Americas. They have cooperated with major African operators in achieving full basic coverage of telecommunications services in Africa. They have built more than half of the continent’s wireless sites and high-speed mobile broadband networks. In total, more than 200,000 km of optical fiber has been laid, giving broadband Internet access to 6 million households, and serving more than 900 million local people. To date, more than 1,500 companies in 17 cities in 15 African countries have selected Chinese corporate partners on their digital transformation path. Twenty-nine countries have selected smart government service solutions provided by Chinese companies. China and Africa have jointly established a public cloud service in South Africa that covers the entire African region. The two sides also released the first 5G independent networking commercial network in the region. The level and content of China-Africa e-commerce cooperation continue to grow. The Silk Road E-Commerce Capacity Building Cloud Lectures have effectively improved the digital literacy of micro, small and medium-sized enterprises in partner countries. Promotion activities have been held to help high-quality products from Africa to access the Chinese market. Such activities include a government-initiated shopping festival that began in 2019, featuring Silk Road e-commerce, as well as the FOCAC African Products Online Promoting Season. Chinese companies actively participate in building platforms of public services in Africa such as electronic payment and smart logistics. All these efforts are designed to achieve win-win cooperation through promoting connectivity. At the China-Africa Internet Development and Cooperation Forum in August 2021, China announced its intention to formulate and implement a joint China-Africa Partnership Plan on Digital Innovation in Africa.

（三）社會(huì)合作方興未艾
3. Growing Cooperation on Social Development

中國(guó)積極同非洲開展減貧、衛(wèi)生、教育、科技、環(huán)保、氣候變化、青年婦女交流等社會(huì)領(lǐng)域合作，通過加強(qiáng)交流、提供援助、分享社會(huì)發(fā)展經(jīng)驗(yàn)，幫助非洲國(guó)家提高社會(huì)綜合發(fā)展水平，為非洲經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展創(chuàng)造內(nèi)生動(dòng)力。
China is promoting cooperation with Africa in social fields such as poverty reduction, health, education, science and technology, environmental protection, climate change and exchanges among young people and women. Through strengthening exchanges, providing assistance and sharing experience, China is helping African countries to improve their comprehensive social development, which then provides internal impetus for their economic growth.

——分享減貧經(jīng)驗(yàn)。貧困是中非面臨的共同挑戰(zhàn)。消除貧困是聯(lián)合國(guó)2030年可持續(xù)發(fā)展議程的首要目標(biāo)。中國(guó)成功走出了一條具有中國(guó)特色的減貧道路，使數(shù)億貧困人口擺脫貧困，為解決非洲貧困提供了借鑒。中國(guó)積極落實(shí)《中國(guó)和非洲聯(lián)盟加強(qiáng)中非減貧合作綱要》，通過“中非合作論壇－減貧與發(fā)展會(huì)議”“中非青年減貧和發(fā)展交流項(xiàng)目”等機(jī)制，鼓勵(lì)和支持中非地方政府、學(xué)術(shù)、企業(yè)、青年和非政府組織開展形式多樣的減貧經(jīng)驗(yàn)交流與務(wù)實(shí)合作。自2010年以來(lái)，“中非合作論壇－減貧與發(fā)展會(huì)議”已在中國(guó)、埃塞俄比亞、南非、烏干達(dá)等國(guó)連續(xù)舉辦10屆，參會(huì)總?cè)藬?shù)接近1600人次。2005年至2021年，中國(guó)共舉辦160期減貧援外培訓(xùn)班，為非洲53國(guó)培訓(xùn)超過2700人次，占總參訓(xùn)人數(shù)58.6%。
– Sharing experience in poverty reduction. Poverty is a common challenge facing China and Africa. Ending poverty is the primary goal of the UN 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. With hundreds of millions of poor people having worked their way out of poverty, China has created a successful path of poverty eradication with Chinese characteristics, which has served as a reference for addressing the problem in Africa. China has effectively implemented the Program for Strengthening China-Africa Cooperation on Poverty Reduction. With mechanisms like the FOCAC Africa-China Poverty Reduction and Development Conference, and the China-Africa Youth Exchange Program on Poverty Reduction and Development, China has supported local governments, academics, enterprises, and youth and non-governmental organizations in both China and Africa in carrying out various forms of exchange and pragmatic cooperation on poverty reduction. Since 2010, 10 FOCAC Africa-China Poverty Reduction and Development conferences have been held in countries such as China, Ethiopia, South Africa and Uganda, with nearly 1,600 participants in total. From 2005 to 2021, China organized 160 poverty reduction and foreign aid training programs. Some 2,700 people from 53 African countries participated in the training, accounting for almost 60 percent of the total number of trainees.

——加強(qiáng)衛(wèi)生健康領(lǐng)域合作。中國(guó)踐行人民至上、生命至上的理念，幫助非洲國(guó)家應(yīng)對(duì)病疫，建設(shè)公共衛(wèi)生體系，以實(shí)際行動(dòng)推動(dòng)構(gòu)建中非衛(wèi)生健康共同體。向非洲國(guó)家派遣中國(guó)醫(yī)療隊(duì)是中非開展時(shí)間最長(zhǎng)、涉及國(guó)家最多、成效最為顯著的合作項(xiàng)目之一。中國(guó)1963年向阿爾及利亞派出首支中國(guó)醫(yī)療隊(duì)，開創(chuàng)了新中國(guó)援非醫(yī)療的歷史。58年來(lái)，中國(guó)累計(jì)向非洲派出醫(yī)療隊(duì)員2.3萬(wàn)人次，診治患者2.3億人次。目前在非洲45國(guó)派有醫(yī)療隊(duì)員近千人，共98個(gè)工作點(diǎn)。中國(guó)醫(yī)療隊(duì)被非洲當(dāng)?shù)厝俗u(yù)為“白衣使者”、“南南合作的典范”和“最受歡迎的人”。在非實(shí)施34次“光明行”義診活動(dòng)，幫助近萬(wàn)名非洲白內(nèi)障患者重見光明。中國(guó)重點(diǎn)幫助非洲國(guó)家加強(qiáng)?？漆t(yī)學(xué)建設(shè)，為非洲各國(guó)培訓(xùn)各類醫(yī)務(wù)人才2萬(wàn)人次。截至目前，中國(guó)已幫助18個(gè)非洲國(guó)家建立了20個(gè)?？浦行模婕靶呐K、重癥醫(yī)學(xué)、創(chuàng)傷、腔鏡等專業(yè)，同40個(gè)非洲國(guó)家45所非方醫(yī)院建立對(duì)口合作機(jī)制。中國(guó)支持非洲各國(guó)提高口岸衛(wèi)生檢疫能力，并向非洲疾控中心派出疾控專家提供技術(shù)支持。
– Enhancing medical and health cooperation. The Chinese government has always ranked people and lives above everything else. Through concrete actions, China has helped African countries respond to various epidemics and plagues and build a public health system, promoting a China-Africa community of health. One of the longest and most effective cooperation projects that involves the greatest number of African countries is the dispatch of Chinese medical teams. The first one, which was sent to Algeria in 1963, marked the first chapter in the story of China’s medical aid to Africa. Over the past 58 years, China has sent a total of 23,000 medical team members to Africa, who have treated 230 million patients. At present, there are nearly 1,000 Chinese medical workers in 45 African countries, working at 98 medical centers. They are hailed by the local Africans as the health messengers in white, models of South-South cooperation and most welcome guests. Chinese medical teams carried out 34 free clinical programs under the Brightness Action initiative, restoring the eyesight of almost 10,000 African cataract patients. China focuses on helping African countries strengthen medical specialties, training 20,000 African medical personnel. To date, it has helped 18 African countries establish 20 centers in different medical specialties, covering cardiology, critical care medicine, trauma and endoscopy. Paired cooperation mechanisms have been established between the Chinese side and 45 hospitals in 40 African countries. China supports African countries in improving their capacity in border health and quarantine inspection, and sends disease control experts to the Africa Center for Disease Control and Prevention to provide technical support.

——擴(kuò)大教育和人力資源開發(fā)合作。中國(guó)大力支持非洲教育發(fā)展，根據(jù)非洲國(guó)家經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)發(fā)展需要，幫助非洲培養(yǎng)急需人才，通過設(shè)立多個(gè)獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金專項(xiàng)，支持非洲優(yōu)秀青年來(lái)華學(xué)習(xí)。2012年起，中非雙方實(shí)施“中非高校20+20合作計(jì)劃”，搭建中非高校交流合作平臺(tái)。中國(guó)在聯(lián)合國(guó)教科文組織設(shè)立信托基金項(xiàng)目，累計(jì)已在非洲國(guó)家培訓(xùn)1萬(wàn)余名教師。2018年以來(lái)，中國(guó)在埃及、南非、吉布提、肯尼亞等非洲國(guó)家與當(dāng)?shù)卦盒９步ā棒敯喙し弧?，同非洲分享中?guó)優(yōu)質(zhì)職業(yè)教育，為非洲培養(yǎng)適應(yīng)經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)發(fā)展急需的高素質(zhì)技術(shù)技能人才。中國(guó)支持30余所非洲大學(xué)設(shè)立中文系或中文專業(yè)，配合16個(gè)非洲國(guó)家將中文納入國(guó)民教育體系，在非洲合作設(shè)立了61所孔子學(xué)院和48所孔子課堂。2004年以來(lái)，中國(guó)共向非洲48國(guó)派出中文教師和志愿者5500余人次。
– Expanding cooperation in education and human resources. China vigorously supports education in Africa. Based on the needs of African countries for economic and social development, it helps train much-needed professionals for African countries and encourages outstanding African youth to study in China through several scholarships. Starting from 2012, the two sides have implemented the 20+20 Cooperation Plan for Chinese and African Institutions of Higher Education as an exchange and cooperation platform among universities. China set up an educational trust fund under UNESCO to provide teacher training for more than 10,000 teachers in African countries. Since 2018, China has established Luban Workshops together with colleges and universities in countries including Egypt, South Africa, Djibouti and Kenya, sharing quality vocational education resources with Africa and training high-caliber technical personnel to meet the urgent needs of economic and social development on the continent.

China has helped more than 30 African universities set up Chinese language departments or Chinese language majors. In cooperation with China, 16 African countries have incorporated the Chinese language into their national education systems. The two sides have established 61 Confucius Institutes and 48 Confucius Classrooms in Africa. Since 2004, China has sent a total of 5,500 Chinese language teachers and volunteers to 48 African nations.

——加強(qiáng)科技合作與知識(shí)共享。中國(guó)積極同非洲加強(qiáng)科技創(chuàng)新戰(zhàn)略溝通與對(duì)接，分享科技發(fā)展經(jīng)驗(yàn)與成果，推動(dòng)雙方科技人才交流與培養(yǎng)、技術(shù)轉(zhuǎn)移與創(chuàng)新創(chuàng)業(yè)。中國(guó)與非洲國(guó)家建設(shè)了一批高水平聯(lián)合實(shí)驗(yàn)室、創(chuàng)建了中非聯(lián)合研究中心、中非創(chuàng)新合作中心。近年來(lái)，中國(guó)通過實(shí)施“一帶一路”國(guó)際科學(xué)組織聯(lián)盟獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金、中國(guó)政府獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金、“國(guó)際杰青計(jì)劃”、“國(guó)際青年創(chuàng)新創(chuàng)業(yè)計(jì)劃”等項(xiàng)目幫助非洲培養(yǎng)大量科技人才?？臻g和航天合作取得新突破，雙方利用中國(guó)遙感數(shù)據(jù)開展防災(zāi)減災(zāi)、射電天文、衛(wèi)星導(dǎo)航定位和精準(zhǔn)農(nóng)業(yè)等領(lǐng)域合作，共同參與天文領(lǐng)域國(guó)際大科學(xué)工程“平方公里陣列射電望遠(yuǎn)鏡”項(xiàng)目。中國(guó)在埃及援建衛(wèi)星總裝集成及測(cè)試中心項(xiàng)目。中國(guó)還分別為阿爾及利亞、蘇丹發(fā)射兩國(guó)首顆人造衛(wèi)星。
– Stepping up scientific and technological collaboration, and knowledge sharing. China actively strengthens communication and coordination with Africa in terms of technological innovation strategies. It shares experience and achievements, and promotes the exchange and training of professionals and technology transfer, as well as innovation and entrepreneurship on both sides. China and African countries have set up high-level joint laboratories, the China-Africa Joint Research Center, and an innovation cooperation center. In recent years, China has assisted Africa in cultivating a large number of scientific and technological talents through projects such as the Alliance of International Science Organizations in the Belt and Road Region Scholarship, Chinese government scholarships, the Talented Young Scientist Program, and the Innovative Talent Exchange Project. Breakthroughs have been made in space cooperation. Using China’s remote sensing data, the two parties carry out cooperation in the fields of disaster prevention and mitigation, radio astronomy, satellite navigation and positioning, and precision agriculture. They also participate together in the Square Kilometer Array Project. The complete satellite assembly integration and test center built by Egypt with China’s help has laid solid foundations for Egypt’s aerospace industry. China also assisted Algeria and Sudan to launch their first artificial satellites.

——深化生態(tài)保護(hù)和應(yīng)對(duì)氣候變化合作。中非人民對(duì)優(yōu)美環(huán)境和美好生活有著共同的向往。中國(guó)和非洲一道，倡導(dǎo)綠色、低碳、循環(huán)、可持續(xù)的發(fā)展方式，保護(hù)人類的共同家園。2012年以來(lái)，中非共同舉辦了“中非綠色合作引導(dǎo)未來(lái)經(jīng)濟(jì)”研討會(huì)和“中非環(huán)境合作部長(zhǎng)級(jí)對(duì)話會(huì)”，推動(dòng)加強(qiáng)環(huán)境治理政策溝通協(xié)調(diào)。2020年啟動(dòng)中非環(huán)境合作中心，搭建中非雙方以及相關(guān)國(guó)際組織、研究機(jī)構(gòu)、企業(yè)等多方參與的重要平臺(tái)。截至2021年9月，安哥拉、肯尼亞等7個(gè)非洲國(guó)家相關(guān)機(jī)構(gòu)已加入“一帶一路”綠色發(fā)展國(guó)際聯(lián)盟，為推進(jìn)綠色絲綢之路建設(shè)作出積極貢獻(xiàn)。中方積極開展應(yīng)對(duì)氣候變化南南合作，目前已和14個(gè)非洲國(guó)家簽署15份合作文件，通過實(shí)施減緩和適應(yīng)氣候變化項(xiàng)目、共同建設(shè)低碳示范區(qū)、開展能力建設(shè)培訓(xùn)等方式為非洲應(yīng)對(duì)氣候變化提供支持。其中，中國(guó)向埃塞俄比亞援助的對(duì)地觀測(cè)遙感衛(wèi)星是中國(guó)同非洲合作的第一顆遙感衛(wèi)星。中非雙方通過開展環(huán)保法律、法規(guī)情報(bào)交流、執(zhí)法能力建設(shè)等合作，共同打擊走私瀕危野生動(dòng)植物跨國(guó)有組織犯罪，在履行《生物多樣性公約》《瀕危野生動(dòng)植物種國(guó)際貿(mào)易公約》等事務(wù)中加強(qiáng)溝通協(xié)調(diào)，共同促進(jìn)全球野生動(dòng)植物保護(hù)和可持續(xù)利用。
– Expanding collaboration in eco-environmental protection and jointly responding to climate change. The peoples of China and Africa share a common yearning for a beautiful environment and a better life. As a result, they work together to advocate green, low-carbon, recyclable and sustainable development and safeguard the common homeland of humanity. Since 2012, they have co-organized a seminar on green cooperation guiding the future economy and a ministerial conference on China-Africa environmental cooperation, promoting communication and coordination of environmental governance policies. The China-Africa Environmental Cooperation Center began operations in 2020 with the participation of China and African countries, as well as other international organizations, research institutions, and enterprises. As of September 2021, related institutions in seven African countries, including Angola and Kenya, have joined the International Coalition for Green Development on the Belt and Road, devised to contribute to the green development of the Belt and Road Initiative. China has carried out South-South cooperation on tackling climate change, and to date has signed 15 cooperation agreements with 14 African countries. Various approaches have been explored in support of Africa’s response to the issue, such as implementing mitigation and adaptation programs, jointly setting up pilot low-carbon industrial parks, and conducting training in capacity-building. For example, the Ethiopian Remote Sensing Satellite-1, or ETRSS-1, launched with Chinese help, is one of the fruits of China’s first remote sensing satellite cooperation with Africa. China and Africa crack down together on transnational organized crimes related to endangered wildlife trafficking, through intelligence sharing in environmental protection laws and regulations and helping each other to build capacity in law enforcement. While implementing the Convention on Biological Diversity and the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora, and dealing with other related affairs, China strengthens communication and coordination with African countries, in an endeavor to protect and ensure the sustainable exploitation of global wild fauna and flora.

（四）人文合作日益擴(kuò)大
4. People-to-People and Cultural Exchanges

國(guó)之交在于民相親。中非文化、媒體、科技、智庫(kù)和青年婦女交流全面深化，進(jìn)一步促進(jìn)中非民心相通，夯實(shí)了中非關(guān)系發(fā)展的基礎(chǔ)。
As an old Chinese saying goes, “State-to-state relations thrive when there is friendship between the peoples.” China and African countries have embraced further exchanges in culture, media, science and technology, and think tanks, and facilitated dialogues among youth and women. These efforts have promoted people-to-people bonds and laid solid foundations for further developments.

——拓展文化、旅游等交流與合作。中非雙方積極簽署雙邊政府文化協(xié)定執(zhí)行計(jì)劃，通過合作舉辦“國(guó)家年”“文化年”“歡樂春節(jié)”“中非文化聚焦”“意會(huì)中國(guó)”等品牌活動(dòng)，進(jìn)一步深化了文化交流與合作。截至2020年12月，中非簽署并落實(shí)了346個(gè)雙邊政府文化協(xié)定執(zhí)行計(jì)劃。2013年至2020年，中方組派藝術(shù)團(tuán)赴非140國(guó)（次）舉辦演出。2013年以來(lái)，邀請(qǐng)非洲28國(guó)的藝術(shù)團(tuán)來(lái)華演出。2016年以來(lái)，中方為非洲國(guó)家舉辦文化領(lǐng)域研修班上百個(gè)，非方參與人員累計(jì)近1500人。目前，中國(guó)在毛里求斯、貝寧、埃及、尼日利亞、坦桑尼亞、摩洛哥設(shè)有中國(guó)文化中心，已與突尼斯、肯尼亞、科特迪瓦、塞內(nèi)加爾、埃塞俄比亞、莫桑比克簽署互設(shè)文化中心或設(shè)立中國(guó)文化中心的政府文件。截至目前，中國(guó)與31個(gè)非洲國(guó)家簽署雙邊旅游合作文件，已將34個(gè)非洲國(guó)家列為中國(guó)公民組團(tuán)出境旅游目的地，與22個(gè)非洲國(guó)家正式開展中國(guó)公民組團(tuán)旅游業(yè)務(wù)。
– Expanding exchanges and cooperation in the cultural sector and tourism. The two sides continue to sign implementation plans for intergovernmental agreements on signature programs such as the Year of China, the Year of Culture, Happy Spring Festival, Chinese and African Cultures in Focus, and Insight on China, further enhancing cultural exchanges and cooperation. As of December 2020, 346 such implementation plans had been inked and carried out. From 2013 to 2020, Chinese art troupes made 140 visits to Africa to hold performances. Since 2013, art troupes from 28 African countries have been invited to perform in China. Since 2016, China has held hundreds of cultural seminars for African countries, with nearly 1,500 African participants in total. Chinese cultural centers have been set up in Mauritius, Benin, Egypt, Nigeria, Tanzania and Morocco. The Chinese Government has signed documents with counterparts in Tunisia, Kenya, C?te d’Ivoire, Senegal, Ethiopia and Mozambique on establishing Chinese cultural centers in these countries or their cultural centers in China. To date China has signed bilateral documents on cooperation in tourism with 31 African countries. It has listed 34 African countries as outbound group tour destinations for its citizens, and officially launched group tourism businesses for its people with 22 African countries.

——深化新聞傳媒與影視合作。中非就深化新聞合作、網(wǎng)絡(luò)空間管理、處理媒體關(guān)系不斷加強(qiáng)對(duì)話與交流，共同舉辦了中非媒體領(lǐng)袖峰會(huì)、中非媒體合作論壇等大型交流活動(dòng)。30家非洲媒體加入“一帶一路”新聞合作聯(lián)盟，42個(gè)非洲國(guó)家參加“一帶一路”媒體合作論壇。中國(guó)支持非洲廣播電影電視產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展，積極落實(shí)“為非洲1萬(wàn)個(gè)村落實(shí)施收看衛(wèi)星電視項(xiàng)目”，支持在非洲農(nóng)村和偏遠(yuǎn)郊區(qū)開展“大篷車”等戶外放映活動(dòng)，覆蓋12個(gè)非洲國(guó)家70多個(gè)村莊和地區(qū)。中非雙方鼓勵(lì)聯(lián)合開發(fā)制作、創(chuàng)作更多講述非洲故事、中非友好故事的作品。中國(guó)企業(yè)為1300萬(wàn)非洲用戶提供11種語(yǔ)言、600多個(gè)頻道的節(jié)目資源；近年來(lái)，中國(guó)對(duì)約200部中國(guó)優(yōu)秀視聽作品進(jìn)行面向非洲的多語(yǔ)種譯制，在10余個(gè)非洲國(guó)家舉辦中國(guó)電影展映展播活動(dòng)，每年都有一定數(shù)量的非洲影片在中國(guó)電影節(jié)上展映。
– Working on closer cooperation in the press, the media, and film and television. China and Africa continue to strengthen dialogue and exchanges on furthering news cooperation, managing cyberspace, and handling media relations. To this end, exchange events have been held such as the China-Africa Media Summit and the Forum on China-Africa Media Cooperation. Thirty African media outlets have joined the Belt and Road News Alliance, and 42 African countries have participated in the Belt and Road Media Community Summit Forum. China supports the development of the African radio, film and television industries. This can be seen from the effort to provide satellite TV reception to 10,000 African villages, and to support outdoor screening activities – the Caravan program – in rural areas and remote suburbs, covering more than 70 villages and regions in 12 countries. China and Africa encourage joint development and production of more works that tell stories about Africa and China-Africa friendship. Chinese companies provide program resources in 11 languages on more than 600 channels for 13 million African users. In recent years, China has carried out multilingual translations of about 200 outstanding Chinese audiovisual works for Africa and held Chinese film screenings and exhibitions in more than 10 African countries. Each year, a number of African films are screened at Chinese film festivals as well.

——鼓勵(lì)學(xué)術(shù)與智庫(kù)合作。中非支持雙方學(xué)術(shù)研究機(jī)構(gòu)、智庫(kù)、高校開展課題研究、學(xué)術(shù)交流、著作出版等多種形式的合作，優(yōu)先支持開展治國(guó)理政、發(fā)展道路、產(chǎn)能合作、文化與法律等課題研究與成果分享，推動(dòng)壯大中非學(xué)術(shù)研究力量。80余個(gè)中非智庫(kù)學(xué)術(shù)研究機(jī)構(gòu)參加“中非聯(lián)合研究交流計(jì)劃”。2012年，中非合作論壇第五屆部長(zhǎng)級(jí)會(huì)議倡議實(shí)施“中非智庫(kù)10+10合作伙伴計(jì)劃”，建立“一對(duì)一”長(zhǎng)期合作關(guān)系。2019年4月，中國(guó)非洲研究院在北京成立。
– Encouraging academic exchanges and cooperation among think tanks. China and Africa support various forms of cooperation among academic research institutions, think tanks and universities in carrying out subject research, academic exchanges and publication of works. Support is given to sharing research and achievements, especially on topics such as state governance, development paths, industrial capacity cooperation, culture, and law. Both sides have also been working on enhancing research strengths. More than 80 think tanks and academic research institutions have participated in the China-Africa Joint Research and Exchange Plan. The Fifth Ministerial Conference of FOCAC held in 2012 proposed to implement the China-Africa Think Tanks 10+10 Partnership Plan for long-term paired cooperation. In April 2019, China-Africa Institute was established in Beijing.

——增進(jìn)民間交流。積極落實(shí)《中非民間交流合作倡議書》，鼓勵(lì)實(shí)施“中非民間友好行動(dòng)”“絲路一家親”“中非民間友好伙伴計(jì)劃”等，支持中非工會(huì)、民間組織、非政府組織及社會(huì)團(tuán)體深化交流。2011年以來(lái)雙方舉辦了6屆中非民間論壇，2012年以來(lái)舉辦了5屆中非青年領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人論壇、4屆亞非青年聯(lián)歡節(jié)和3屆中非青年大聯(lián)歡活動(dòng)。2021年，舉辦首屆中非未來(lái)領(lǐng)袖對(duì)話。截至2020年，中國(guó)政府已累計(jì)向16個(gè)非洲國(guó)家派遣484名青年志愿者。中國(guó)已與53個(gè)非洲國(guó)家100多個(gè)婦女機(jī)構(gòu)（組織）建立聯(lián)系和交往。中國(guó)在毛里求斯、萊索托、吉布提、津巴布韋和蘇丹等國(guó)建立中非婦女友好交流（培訓(xùn)）中心。
– Increasing non-governmental exchanges. China and African countries have actively implemented the Proposals on China-Africa People-to-People Exchanges and Cooperation, the China-Africa People-to-People Friendship Action, the Silk Road Community Building Program, and the China-Africa People-to-People Friendship and Partnership Program. They support trade unions, other non-governmental organizations and social groups in engaging in exchanges. Since 2011, the two sides have held six China-Africa People’s Forums. In addition, five China-Africa Young Leaders Forums, four Asian-African Youth Festivals and three China-Africa Youth Galas have been held since 2012. The 1st China-Africa Future Leaders’ Dialogue was held in 2021. As of 2020, the Chinese Government has dispatched 484 young volunteers to 16 African countries. It has established contacts and exchanges with more than 100 women’s organizations in 53 African countries. Centers dedicated to friendly exchanges or training among women have been established in Mauritius, Lesotho, Djibouti, Zimbabwe and Sudan.

（五）和平安全合作穩(wěn)步拓展
5. Cooperation on Peace and Security

沒有和平穩(wěn)定的環(huán)境，發(fā)展就無(wú)從談起。中國(guó)是非洲和平與安全事務(wù)的建設(shè)性參與者，一貫致力于支持非洲人以非洲方式解決非洲問題，堅(jiān)持標(biāo)本兼治，堅(jiān)持合作共贏，支持非洲國(guó)家和非盟在非洲和平安全事務(wù)中發(fā)揮主導(dǎo)作用，支持非洲提升自主維和、維穩(wěn)和反恐能力，支持非洲國(guó)家和非盟等地區(qū)組織落實(shí)“消弭槍聲”倡議，支持聯(lián)合國(guó)為非盟自主維和行動(dòng)提供資金支持。中國(guó)在充分尊重非洲意愿、不干涉內(nèi)政、恪守國(guó)際關(guān)系基本準(zhǔn)則基礎(chǔ)上，積極探索建設(shè)性參與非洲和平與安全事務(wù)。
Without security and stability, there can be no development. As a constructive participant in peace and security affairs in Africa, China has always championed the principle of African people solving African issues in their own ways, and advocated the need to address root causes as well as symptoms and seek cooperation for the benefit of all parties. It supports the right of African countries and the AU to play a leading role in the region’s peace and security affairs. China supports their efforts to promote peace and stability and fight against terrorism. China endorses the “Silence the Guns in Africa” initiative in countries and regional organizations such as the AU. China will continue to support the UN in providing financial support for the AU’s independent peacekeeping operations. Based on the principles of respecting the will of African countries, not interfering in African countries’ internal affairs, and observing the basic norms governing international relations, China is actively exploring constructive participation in promoting and maintaining peace and security in Africa.

中非不斷深化和平安全領(lǐng)域的交流與對(duì)話，2019年以來(lái)，中國(guó)先后舉行中非實(shí)施和平安全行動(dòng)對(duì)話會(huì)、首屆中非和平安全論壇、中非和平安全論壇軍事醫(yī)學(xué)專題視頻會(huì)議，并積極參與非洲國(guó)家舉行的和平安全領(lǐng)域重要會(huì)議或論壇。中國(guó)政府非洲事務(wù)特別代表積極斡旋非洲熱點(diǎn)問題，為推進(jìn)非洲和平與安全發(fā)揮了獨(dú)特建設(shè)性作用。中國(guó)通過聯(lián)演聯(lián)訓(xùn)、艦艇互訪等多種方式，支持非洲國(guó)家加強(qiáng)國(guó)防和軍隊(duì)建設(shè)，支持薩赫勒、亞丁灣、幾內(nèi)亞灣等地區(qū)國(guó)家維護(hù)地區(qū)安全和反恐努力，在共建“一帶一路”、社會(huì)治安、聯(lián)合國(guó)維和、打擊海盜、反恐等領(lǐng)域推動(dòng)實(shí)施安全援助項(xiàng)目并幫助非洲國(guó)家培訓(xùn)軍事人員。中國(guó)支持聯(lián)合國(guó)在維護(hù)非洲和平與穩(wěn)定方面發(fā)揮重要作用，是安理會(huì)常任理事國(guó)中向非洲派遣維和人員數(shù)量最多的國(guó)家。
China and Africa continue to expand exchanges and hold dialogues in the field of peace and security. Since 2019, China has co-hosted or hosted the Dialogue on the Implementation of China-Africa Peace and Security Initiative, the First China-Africa Peace and Security Forum, and the Video Conference on Military Medicine under the forum. It has also actively participated in important conferences or forums held by African countries in related fields. The Chinese Government’s Special Representative for African Affairs has actively engaged in mediation efforts in Africa, and played a unique and constructive role in Africa’s peace and security endeavors. Through various means such as port calls and joint exercises and training, China has provided strong support to African countries in strengthening national defense and the armed forces, and to countries in the Sahel region and those bordering the Gulf of Aden and the Gulf of Guinea in upholding security and combating terrorism in their regions. China has launched assistance programs and helped train African military personnel under the Belt and Road Initiative, and in areas of law and order, UN peacekeeping missions, fighting piracy and combating terrorism. China supports the UN in playing an important role in maintaining peace and stability in Africa. Among the permanent members of the UN Security Council, China has sent the largest number of peacekeepers to the continent.

自1990年參加聯(lián)合國(guó)維和行動(dòng)以來(lái)，中國(guó)派出的維和人員有超過80%部署在非洲，累計(jì)向非洲派出3萬(wàn)余人次，在17個(gè)聯(lián)合國(guó)維和任務(wù)區(qū)執(zhí)行任務(wù)?，F(xiàn)有1800余名維和人員在馬里、剛果（金）、阿布耶伊、南蘇丹、西撒哈拉等5個(gè)非洲任務(wù)區(qū)執(zhí)行聯(lián)合國(guó)維和任務(wù)。根據(jù)聯(lián)合國(guó)安理會(huì)決議，中國(guó)海軍自2008年以來(lái)常態(tài)部署亞丁灣執(zhí)行護(hù)航任務(wù)，迄今已派出39批護(hù)航編隊(duì)，累計(jì)完成約1400余批近7000艘中外船舶護(hù)航任務(wù)。中國(guó)還決定向聯(lián)合國(guó)維和人員捐贈(zèng)30萬(wàn)劑新冠肺炎疫苗，優(yōu)先用于非洲任務(wù)區(qū)。截至2020年8月，共有11名中國(guó)官兵在聯(lián)合國(guó)非洲維和行動(dòng)中獻(xiàn)出寶貴生命。
Since China first took part in UN peacekeeping operations in 1990, more than 80 percent of its peacekeepers have been deployed in Africa. Over 30,000 Chinese peacekeepers have been sent to Africa to perform tasks in 17 peacekeeping mission areas. More than 1,800 peacekeepers are currently performing missions in five of these areas – Mali, the Democratic Republic of the Congo (the DRC), Abyei, South Sudan and Western Sahara. In accordance with UN Security Council resolutions, the PLA Navy has deployed regular convoys in the Gulf of Aden since 2008. To date it has dispatched 39 escort taskforces, providing protection to approximately 7,000 Chinese and foreign vessels in about 1,400 groups. China also decided to donate 300,000 doses of Covid-19 vaccine to UN peacekeepers, with priority given to those in African mission areas. As of August 2020, a total of 11 Chinese military peacekeepers had sacrificed their lives for the noble cause of peace in Africa.

中非支持?jǐn)U大雙方人員有序往來(lái)，不斷加強(qiáng)領(lǐng)事合作，推動(dòng)執(zhí)法部門合作，共同打擊各類跨國(guó)犯罪。2019年，中國(guó)公民赴非洲各國(guó)達(dá)60.7萬(wàn)人次，非洲各國(guó)公民入境中國(guó)達(dá)68.5萬(wàn)人次。雙方人員往來(lái)快速增長(zhǎng)推動(dòng)中國(guó)和非洲國(guó)家領(lǐng)事關(guān)系迅速發(fā)展。中國(guó)支持非洲國(guó)家加強(qiáng)執(zhí)法能力建設(shè)，2018年以來(lái)為非洲國(guó)家培訓(xùn)2000余名執(zhí)法人員，并提供警用物資。中國(guó)在聯(lián)合國(guó)框架下向非洲任務(wù)區(qū)派出維和警察，在國(guó)際刑警組織框架下同非洲國(guó)家積極開展案件協(xié)作、情報(bào)交流、經(jīng)驗(yàn)分享、聯(lián)合行動(dòng)，共同打擊跨國(guó)犯罪。
China and Africa embrace the expansion of orderly personnel exchanges. They have worked on consular cooperation, increased cooperation between law enforcement departments, and acted against various cross-border crimes. In 2019 Chinese citizens made 607,000 visits to the African continent, while the number of African visitors to China reached 685,000. Growth in personnel exchanges promotes the rapid development of consular relations. In terms of strengthening law enforcement capacity in African countries, since 2018 China has trained over 2,000 African law enforcement officers and provided police supplies. It has dispatched peacekeeping police to African mission areas under the aegis of the UN, and collaborated in dealing with criminal cases, intelligence exchanges, experience-sharing and joint operations under the framework of Interpol.