歐美國(guó)家的人對(duì)圣誕樹的香氣都很熟悉，因?yàn)槊磕暌坏竭@個(gè)時(shí)候家家戶戶都會(huì)擺一棵營(yíng)造氣氛。關(guān)于圣誕樹，人們有很多美好回憶，但是圣誕樹的歷史你了解嗎？

1. THE EARLY CHRISTIAN CHURCH DID NOT LIKE CHRISTMAS TREES.

早期的基督教徒不喜歡圣誕樹

Evergreen trees used to be seen as pagan symbols that had no place in a religious celebration. As far back as 1647, preacher Johann Conrad Dannhauer of the Strasbourg Cathedral criticized trees as “child’s play” that were getting more attention “than the word of God and the holy rites.” But as the tradition persisted, church leaders decided that if they couldn’t beat the decorated trees, they would adopt them as part of their own Christmas celebrations.

常青樹曾被視為異教徒的象征，因而不在宗教慶?；顒?dòng)中使用。早在1647年，斯特拉斯堡大教堂的傳道士約翰·康拉德·丹豪爾批評(píng)圣誕樹是“兒童的游戲”，得到的關(guān)注比“上帝之道和神圣儀式”還要多。但是圣誕樹傳統(tǒng)一直長(zhǎng)盛不衰，最后教會(huì)領(lǐng)袖決定，既然他們無法打敗這種裝飾過的樹木，索性將其納入圣誕慶?；顒?dòng)中。

2. IN SOME HOMES, CHRISTMAS TREES WERE HUNG.

有的人家會(huì)把圣誕樹掛起來

In southwest Germany during the 17th and 18th centuries, it was popular, particularly among the lower classes, to hang smaller trees from the ceiling or rafters. This allowed for a flashy display and kept the goodies in the tree out of the reach of children. Some families even hung the tree upside-down, since “pointing the root toward heaven was supposed to imbue the tree with divine powers,” according to Bernd Brunner, author of Inventing the Christmas Tree.

在17、18世紀(jì)的德國(guó)西南部，很多家庭，尤其是平民百姓家，喜歡把小圣誕樹掛在天花板上或房梁上。這樣一來既可以展示漂亮的裝飾，也能讓孩子們夠不到圣誕樹里的糖果點(diǎn)心。有些家庭甚至?xí)咽フQ樹倒著掛，據(jù)《發(fā)明圣誕樹》的作者貝恩特·布魯納說，這樣做是因?yàn)椤皹涓蛱焯脮?huì)賦予樹神圣的力量”。

3. A PRINCE IS CREDITED WITH POPULARIZING CHRISTMAS TREES IN AMERICA.

圣誕樹在美國(guó)流行起來要?dú)w功于一個(gè)親王

Britain’s Prince Albert is credited with helping bring the Christmas tree from his native Germany to the English-speaking world, making it a well-publicized tradition in the royal household of his wife, Queen Victoria. Godey’s Lady’s Book editor Sarah Josepha Hale—one of the main advocates for a national Thanksgiving holiday—played an important role in promoting Christmas trees in the US when her magazine published an illustration of the British royal family with their tree in 1850. She edited out Victoria’s crown jewels, Albert’s mustache and sash, and any reference to the family's identity, transforming the picture from a piece of royal marketing to a paragon of middle-class, American, Christmas celebration.

英國(guó)維多利亞女王的丈夫阿爾伯特親王將圣誕樹從他的祖國(guó)德國(guó)帶到英語國(guó)家，并使其成為英國(guó)王室家庭里的一項(xiàng)廣為人知的傳統(tǒng)。《戈迪女士手冊(cè)》雜志主編莎拉·約瑟法·哈勒為圣誕樹在美國(guó)流行開來發(fā)揮了重要作用，她也是促使感恩節(jié)成為全國(guó)性節(jié)日的主要倡導(dǎo)者之一。當(dāng)時(shí)哈勒的雜志上發(fā)表了一張描繪1850年英國(guó)王室家庭和圣誕樹的插圖。哈勒把維多利亞女王的王冠、阿爾伯特的胡子和肩帶，以及任何會(huì)暴露王室身份的細(xì)節(jié)都去掉了，把王室宣傳圖改造成了美國(guó)中產(chǎn)階級(jí)慶祝圣誕節(jié)的完美畫面。

4. THE FIRST CHRISTMAS TREE MARKET LAUNCHED IN 1851.

1851年出現(xiàn)了第一個(gè)圣誕樹集市

One thing slowing the adoption of Christmas trees was the burden most families faced of having to find and chop down their own trees. That began to change in 1851, when a logger from New York’s Catskill Mountains loaded dozens of fir and spruce trees from his land and hauled them down to New York City’s Washington Market. The harvested trees, ready to set in a living room and decorate, sold out fast and kicked off the practice of Christmas tree farms, which proliferated throughout the country.

過去圣誕樹在美國(guó)的接受度不太高，因?yàn)槎鄶?shù)家庭不得不自己去尋找和砍伐圣誕樹。1851年這種情況開始改變了，當(dāng)時(shí)紐約州卡茨基爾山上的一個(gè)樵夫從自己的土地上砍了數(shù)十棵冷杉和云杉樹拉到紐約市華盛頓市場(chǎng)上去賣，供人們放在客廳里自行裝飾。這些樹很快就賣光了，自此圣誕樹林場(chǎng)開始興起，后來遍布美國(guó)各地。

5. CHRISTMAS TREES CAN BE EXTREMELY DANGEROUS.

圣誕樹可能暗藏危險(xiǎn)

From their earliest days, Christmas trees have been fire hazards. Before electric lights were introduced, many families set open candles on their trees to illuminate them, which meant that each Christmas morning, the newspapers included stories of homes going up in flames when the branches ignited. Even when families abandoned the obvious hazard of open flames on the trees, the conifers could still cause major trouble once they dried out. In Philadelphia in 1878, Christmas trees caused two fires on the same street, first when a gas jet ignited a tree in a brownstone, then later that day when a dressmaker’s in-store tree went up. Today, trees can still pose a hazard if they are allowed to dry out.

打從一開始，圣誕樹就一直是火災(zāi)隱患。在引進(jìn)電燈以前，許多家庭都是把蠟燭放在圣誕樹上點(diǎn)亮，這意味著每個(gè)圣誕節(jié)早晨，報(bào)紙上都會(huì)有因圣誕樹枝被點(diǎn)燃而導(dǎo)致家中起火的新聞。即使人們不在圣誕樹上放點(diǎn)燃的蠟燭，針葉樹在干枯后仍然會(huì)引發(fā)大麻煩。在1878年的費(fèi)城，圣誕樹曾在同一條街上引發(fā)了兩場(chǎng)火災(zāi)，先是一盞煤氣燈點(diǎn)燃了一幢褐色砂石房屋內(nèi)的一棵圣誕樹，晚些時(shí)候一家裁縫店內(nèi)的圣誕樹又著火了。時(shí)至今日，如果放任圣誕樹不管讓其干掉，依然可能引發(fā)火災(zāi)。

6. GIFTS USED TO GO IN THE TREE, NOT UNDER IT.

過去人們把禮物掛在圣誕樹上，而不是放在圣誕樹下

In its first decades in the US, Christmas trees held gifts in their branches more often than under them. Typical 19th-century reports describe a “monster Christmas tree despoiled of its pendent treasures of candy, dolls, and toys of all descriptions” and a “mammoth Christmas-tree whose branches hung heavy with Christmas toys and presents for the little ones”. Often these gifts included fruit, cakes, and candy that children would just pluck directly from the tree and enjoy.

在圣誕樹剛被引進(jìn)美國(guó)的那幾十年，人們往往是在圣誕樹枝上掛禮物而不是把禮物放在樹下。19世紀(jì)的典型報(bào)道中是這樣描述的：“巨大圣誕樹上掛的各色糖果、娃娃、玩具等寶貝被一搶而空”或者“超大圣誕樹的枝頭沉甸甸地掛著給小朋友準(zhǔn)備的圣誕玩具和禮物”。這些禮物通常包括水果、蛋糕和糖果，孩子們可以直接從圣誕樹上摘下來享用。

英文來源：Mental Floss

翻譯&編輯：丹妮