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BBC Learning English 英語教學(xué)

你問我答

 

So, thus, therefore, hence 這四個詞都表示 “所以”,區(qū)別是什么?

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內(nèi)容簡介

一位姓劉的聽眾想知道副詞 “so、thus、therefore” 和 “hence” 的區(qū)別。它們的漢語意思都是 “因此,所以”,“therefore” 和 “hence” 為正式用詞,而 “so” 和 “thus” 在日??谡Z和寫作中使用的頻率更高。聽節(jié)目,學(xué)習它們的用法。

歡迎你加入并和我們一起討論英語學(xué)習的方方面面。請通過微博 “BBC英語教學(xué)” 或郵件與我們?nèi)〉寐?lián)系。我們的郵箱地址是 questions.chinaelt@bbc.co.uk

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(關(guān)于臺詞的備注: 請注意這不是廣播節(jié)目的逐字稿件。本文稿可能沒有體現(xiàn)錄制、編輯過程中對節(jié)目做出的改變。)

Jiaying
大家好,歡迎收聽 BBC英語教學(xué)的 “你問我答” 節(jié)目。I'm Jiaying.

Sam
And I'm Sam. Welcome!

Jiaying
本期節(jié)目要回答的問題如下:

Question
你好?!癝o、thus、therefore” 和 “hence” 的區(qū)別我不是很明白,可以講解一下么?

Sam
Let's start with what these words have in common. 'So', 'thus', 'therefore' and 'hence' are all adverbs and are all used to give the reason for something happening or the result of something.

Jiaying
這四個詞翻譯成漢語都是 “所以,因此”,用來連接事情的原因和結(jié)果,但用法不同。第一個區(qū)別是正式程度不同:“so” 的正式程度居中,可用在任何語境中,使用頻率最高。相比之下,“therefore” 稍微正式一點,但還是很常用。“Thus” 和 “hence” 是四個詞中最正式的,使用頻率沒有其它兩個詞那么高。

Sam
Now let's take a closer look at how each of them is used, starting with 'so'. Remember that 'so' can have different meanings, but in this programme we are only talking about when it gives a reason for something happening.

Jiaying
Yes! “So” 在用來說明事情發(fā)生的原因時,意思是 “所以,因此”,在句子中用來連接事情發(fā)生的因果。

Sam
Let's hear some examples now. As you listen, try to notice the position of 'so' in the sentences.

Examples
We were hungry, so we got a snack.
(我們餓了,所以吃了零食。)

His knee started hurting during the tennis match, so he stopped playing.
(在網(wǎng)球比賽期間,他的膝蓋開始疼,因此他停止了比賽。)

I was worried about my sister, so I called her.
(我當時很擔心我妹妹,所以我給她打了電話。)

Jiaying
注意,在上面的例句中,“so” 位于句中,用來連接事情的因果。

Sam
Let's look at 'thus' now. 'Thus' can replace 'so' in many sentences, but remember the difference in formality. Because it's more formal, 'thus' is used more in writing and would be considered strange in a casual conversation.

Jiaying
沒錯,“thus” 的意思是 “因而,從而”,它比 “so” 更正式。Sam,“thus” 應(yīng)該放在句子中的什么位置呢?

Sam
Good question! Again, like 'so', we use 'thus' to introduce the result. It can come after 'and' or simply after a comma.

Jiaying
原來 “thus” 和 “so” 一樣,也可以放在起到承上啟下作用的單詞 “and” 后面,或者前半句話的逗號后面,引出事情的結(jié)果。聽三個例句,你可能會在報刊文章或?qū)W術(shù)論文中看到這樣的句子。

Examples
The company has announced that it plans to improve sales and thus to increase profits in the coming year.
(該公司已宣布計劃改善其銷售狀況,從而在來年增加利潤。)

There is evidence that a shorter working week means people are better rested and thus more productive.
(有證據(jù)表明,縮短工作周意味著人們能休息得更好,從而提高工作效率。)

The artist used mostly dark colours, thus reflecting the country's difficult history.
(這位藝術(shù)家在畫作中大多使用了深色,從而反映了這個國家艱難的歷史。)

Jiaying
接著,來說一說 “therefore”,它的意思也是 “因此,所以”。

Sam
With 'therefore', we have more flexibility about where it can go in a sentence. Here are some examples to show this.

Examples
He's scared of flying. Therefore he doesn't travel much by plane.
He's scared of flying, and therefore doesn't travel much by plane.
He's scared of flying. He therefore doesn't travel much by plane.
He's scared of flying. He doesn't, therefore, travel much by plane.
(他害怕坐飛機,因此他不常乘飛機旅行。)

Jiaying
這四個例句的含義完全相同,我們只是改變了 “therefore” 在句中的位置和一些標點符號??梢钥闯觯皌herefore” 在句中的位置相對靈活。

Sam
Exactly! Let's look at 'hence' next. Like the other words we've looked at, 'hence' is used when giving a reason or explanation for something, but it has a more fixed position in a sentence.

Jiaying
在節(jié)目開始我們說到,副詞 “hence” 很正式。它的意思是 “因此,由此”,用來解釋說明一件事情發(fā)生的原因。它在句子中的位置更加固定,放在句中前半句話結(jié)尾的逗號或破折號后,“hence” 后面接名詞或名詞短語。聽三個例句。

Examples
His father is Spanish, hence his name – Juan.
(他的父親是西班牙人,所以他叫胡安。)

Many celebrities are attending the festival – hence the extra security.
(有很多名人都要參加這場節(jié)慶活動,所以才會有額外的安保措施。)

It was her birthday last week, hence the new shoes.
(上周是她的生日,所以買了雙新鞋。)

Jiaying
好了,希望我們的講解幫助大家加深了對副詞 “so、thus、therefore” 和 “hence” 的理解。在使用這些詞的時候,區(qū)別它們的一個方法是記清楚每個詞的正式程度,以及該詞在句中的位置。

Sam
And remember if you have a question you'd like us to answer, you can email us too! Our email address is: questions.chinaelt@bbc.co.uk

Jiaying
你也可以通過微博向我們提問。我們的微博賬號是 “BBC英語教學(xué)”。謝謝收聽 “你問我答” 節(jié)目。我是佳瑩。再會!

Sam
Until next time, bye-bye.

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