八、提高保障和改善民生水平，加強和創(chuàng)新社會治理

VIII. Growing Better at Ensuring and Improving People’s Wellbeing and Strengthening and Developing New Approaches to Social Governance

全黨必須牢記，為什么人的問題，是檢驗一個政黨、一個政權性質的試金石。帶領人民創(chuàng)造美好生活，是我們黨始終不渝的奮斗目標。必須始終把人民利益擺在至高無上的地位，讓改革發(fā)展成果更多更公平惠及全體人民，朝著實現(xiàn)全體人民共同富裕不斷邁進。

Everyone in the Party must keep firmly in mind that the nature of a political party and of a government is determined by those whom they serve. To lead the people to a better life is our Party’s abiding goal. We must put the people’s interests above all else, see that the gains of reform and development benefit all our people in a fair way, and strive to achieve shared prosperity for everyone.

保障和改善民生要抓住人民最關心最直接最現(xiàn)實的利益問題，既盡力而為，又量力而行，一件事情接著一件事情辦，一年接著一年干。堅持人人盡責、人人享有，堅守底線、突出重點、完善制度、引導預期，完善公共服務體系，保障群眾基本生活，不斷滿足人民日益增長的美好生活需要，不斷促進社會公平正義，形成有效的社會治理、良好的社會秩序，使人民獲得感、幸福感、安全感更加充實、更有保障、更可持續(xù)。

As we work to ensure and improve people’s wellbeing, we must focus on the most pressing, most immediate issues that concern the people the most. We will do everything in our capacity, and work away at issue by issue, year in and year out. We will see that everyone performs their duties and shares in the benefits. We will see basic needs are met, prioritize key areas, improve institutions, and guide public expectations. We will improve the public service system, ensure people’s basic quality of life, and keep up with people’s ever-growing needs for a better life. We will continue to promote social fairness and justice, develop effective social governance, and maintain public order. With this we should see that our people will always have a strong sense of fulfillment, happiness, and security.

（一）優(yōu)先發(fā)展教育事業(yè)。建設教育強國是中華民族偉大復興的基礎工程，必須把教育事業(yè)放在優(yōu)先位置，深化教育改革，加快教育現(xiàn)代化，辦好人民滿意的教育。要全面貫徹黨的教育方針，落實立德樹人根本任務，發(fā)展素質教育，推進教育公平，培養(yǎng)德智體美全面發(fā)展的社會主義建設者和接班人。推動城鄉(xiāng)義務教育一體化發(fā)展，高度重視農(nóng)村義務教育，辦好學前教育、特殊教育和網(wǎng)絡教育，普及高中階段教育，努力讓每個孩子都能享有公平而有質量的教育。完善職業(yè)教育和培訓體系，深化產(chǎn)教融合、校企合作。加快一流大學和一流學科建設，實現(xiàn)高等教育內(nèi)涵式發(fā)展。健全學生資助制度，使絕大多數(shù)城鄉(xiāng)新增勞動力接受高中階段教育、更多接受高等教育。支持和規(guī)范社會力量興辦教育。加強師德師風建設，培養(yǎng)高素質教師隊伍，倡導全社會尊師重教。辦好繼續(xù)教育，加快建設學習型社會，大力提高國民素質。

1. Giving priority to developing education

Strengthening education is fundamental to our pursuit of national rejuvenation. We must give priority to education, further reform in education, speed up its modernization, and develop education that people are satisfied with. We should fully implement the Party’s education policy, foster virtue through education, enhance our students’ well-rounded development, promote fairness in education, and nurture a new generation of capable young people who have a good and all-round moral, intellectual, physical, and aesthetical grounding and are well-prepared to join the socialist cause. We will promote the coordinated development of compulsory education in urban and rural areas, while giving particular attention to rural areas. We will improve preschool education, special needs education, and online education, make senior secondary education universally available, and strive to see that each and every child has fair access to good education. We will improve the system of vocational education and training, and promote integration between industry and education and cooperation between enterprises and colleges. We will move faster to build Chinese universities into world-class universities and develop world-class disciplines as we work to bring out the full potential of higher education. We will improve the system of financial aid to students, and work to see that the vast majority of the new members of the urban and rural labor force have received senior secondary education, and that more and more of them receive higher education. We will support the well-regulated development of private schools. We will strengthen the professional ethics and competence of teachers, and encourage public respect for educators and public support for education. We will improve continuing education, step up efforts to build a learning society, and promote the well-rounded development of all our people.

（二）提高就業(yè)質量和人民收入水平。就業(yè)是最大的民生。要堅持就業(yè)優(yōu)先戰(zhàn)略和積極就業(yè)政策，實現(xiàn)更高質量和更充分就業(yè)。大規(guī)模開展職業(yè)技能培訓，注重解決結構性就業(yè)矛盾，鼓勵創(chuàng)業(yè)帶動就業(yè)。提供全方位公共就業(yè)服務，促進高校畢業(yè)生等青年群體、農(nóng)民工多渠道就業(yè)創(chuàng)業(yè)。破除妨礙勞動力、人才社會性流動的體制機制弊端，使人人都有通過辛勤勞動實現(xiàn)自身發(fā)展的機會。完善政府、工會、企業(yè)共同參與的協(xié)商協(xié)調機制，構建和諧勞動關系。堅持按勞分配原則，完善按要素分配的體制機制，促進收入分配更合理、更有序。鼓勵勤勞守法致富，擴大中等收入群體，增加低收入者收入，調節(jié)過高收入，取締非法收入。堅持在經(jīng)濟增長的同時實現(xiàn)居民收入同步增長、在勞動生產(chǎn)率提高的同時實現(xiàn)勞動報酬同步提高。拓寬居民勞動收入和財產(chǎn)性收入渠道。履行好政府再分配調節(jié)職能，加快推進基本公共服務均等化，縮小收入分配差距。

2. Improving the quality of employment and raising incomes

Employment is pivotal to people’s wellbeing. We must give high priority to employment and pursue a proactive employment policy, striving to achieve fuller employment and create better quality jobs. We will launch vocational skills training programs on a big scale, give particular attention to tackling structural unemployment, and create more jobs by encouraging business startups. We will provide extensive public employment services to open more channels for college graduates and other young people as well as migrant rural workers to find jobs and start their own businesses. We must remove institutional barriers that block the social mobility of labor and talent and ensure that every one of our people has the chance to pursue career through hard work. We will improve mechanisms for joint discussion and mediation involving government, trade unions, and employers in an effort to ensure harmonious labor relations. We will continue to follow the principle of distribution according to one’s work while improving our institutions and mechanisms for distribution based on factors of production, so as to make income distribution fairer and more orderly. We will encourage people to make their money through hard work and legal means. We will expand the size of the middle-income group, increase income for people on low incomes, adjust excessive incomes, and prohibit illicit income. We will work to see that individual incomes grow in step with economic development, and pay rises in tandem with increases in labor productivity. We will expand the channels for people to make work-based earnings and property income. We will see that government plays its function of adjusting redistribution, move faster to ensure equitable access to basic public services and narrow the gaps in incomes.

（三）加強社會保障體系建設。按照兜底線、織密網(wǎng)、建機制的要求，全面建成覆蓋全民、城鄉(xiāng)統(tǒng)籌、權責清晰、保障適度、可持續(xù)的多層次社會保障體系。全面實施全民參保計劃。完善城鎮(zhèn)職工基本養(yǎng)老保險和城鄉(xiāng)居民基本養(yǎng)老保險制度，盡快實現(xiàn)養(yǎng)老保險全國統(tǒng)籌。完善統(tǒng)一的城鄉(xiāng)居民基本醫(yī)療保險制度和大病保險制度。完善失業(yè)、工傷保險制度。建立全國統(tǒng)一的社會保險公共服務平臺。統(tǒng)籌城鄉(xiāng)社會救助體系，完善最低生活保障制度。堅持男女平等基本國策，保障婦女兒童合法權益。完善社會救助、社會福利、慈善事業(yè)、優(yōu)撫安置等制度，健全農(nóng)村留守兒童和婦女、老年人關愛服務體系。發(fā)展殘疾人事業(yè)，加強殘疾康復服務。堅持房子是用來住的、不是用來炒的定位，加快建立多主體供給、多渠道保障、租購并舉的住房制度，讓全體人民住有所居。

3. Strengthening the social security system

We will act on the policy requirements to help those most in need, to build a tightly woven safety net, and to build the necessary institutions, as we work to develop a sustainable multi-tiered social security system that covers the entire population in both urban and rural areas, with clearly defined rights and responsibilities, and support that hits the right level. We will work to see that everyone has access to social security. We will improve the basic pension schemes for urban employees and for rural and non-working urban residents, and quickly bring pension schemes under national unified management. We will improve the unified systems of basic medical insurance and serious disease insurance for rural and non-working urban residents, and improve unemployment insurance and work-related injury insurance. We will establish a unified national platform for social security public services. We will promote the coordinated development of the social assistance systems for urban and rural residents, and improve the subsistence allowances system. We must adhere to the fundamental national policy of gender equality, and protect the legitimate rights and interests of women and minors. We will improve our systems for social assistance, social welfare, charity, and entitled groups’ benefits and services. We will improve the system for supporting and caring for children, women, and elderly people left behind in rural areas. We will develop programs for people with disabilities and work to provide better rehabilitation services for them. We must not forget that housing is for living in, not for speculation. With this in mind, we will move faster to put in place a housing system that ensures supply through multiple sources, provides housing support through multiple channels, and encourages both housing purchase and renting. This will make us better placed to meet the housing needs of all of our people.

（四）堅決打贏脫貧攻堅戰(zhàn)。讓貧困人口和貧困地區(qū)同全國一道進入全面小康社會是我們黨的莊嚴承諾。要動員全黨全國全社會力量，堅持精準扶貧、精準脫貧，堅持中央統(tǒng)籌省負總責市縣抓落實的工作機制，強化黨政一把手負總責的責任制，堅持大扶貧格局，注重扶貧同扶志、扶智相結合，深入實施東西部扶貧協(xié)作，重點攻克深度貧困地區(qū)脫貧任務，確保到二○二○年我國現(xiàn)行標準下農(nóng)村貧困人口實現(xiàn)脫貧，貧困縣全部摘帽，解決區(qū)域性整體貧困，做到脫真貧、真脫貧。

4. Winning the battle against poverty

Seeing that poor people and poor areas will enter the moderately prosperous society together with the rest of the country is a solemn promise made by our Party. We should mobilize the energies of our whole Party, our whole country, and our whole society, and continue to implement targeted poverty reduction and alleviation measures. We will operate on the basis of a working mechanism whereby the central government makes overall plans, provincial-level governments take overall responsibility, and city and county governments ensure implementation; and we will strengthen the system for making heads of Party committees and governments at each level assume the overall responsibility for poverty alleviation. We will continue to advance poverty reduction drawing on the joint efforts of government, society, and the market. We will pay particular attention to helping people increase confidence in their own ability to lift themselves out of poverty and see that they can access the education they need to do so. We will strengthen collaboration on poverty alleviation between the eastern and western regions; and we will provide focused assistance to areas of extreme poverty. We must ensure that by the year 2020, all rural residents living below the current poverty line have been lifted out of poverty, and poverty is eliminated in all poor counties and regions. Poverty alleviation should reach those who truly need it and deliver genuine outcomes.

（五）實施健康中國戰(zhàn)略。人民健康是民族昌盛和國家富強的重要標志。要完善國民健康政策，為人民群眾提供全方位全周期健康服務。深化醫(yī)藥衛(wèi)生體制改革，全面建立中國特色基本醫(yī)療衛(wèi)生制度、醫(yī)療保障制度和優(yōu)質高效的醫(yī)療衛(wèi)生服務體系，健全現(xiàn)代醫(yī)院管理制度。加強基層醫(yī)療衛(wèi)生服務體系和全科醫(yī)生隊伍建設。全面取消以藥養(yǎng)醫(yī)，健全藥品供應保障制度。堅持預防為主，深入開展愛國衛(wèi)生運動，倡導健康文明生活方式，預防控制重大疾病。實施食品安全戰(zhàn)略，讓人民吃得放心。堅持中西醫(yī)并重，傳承發(fā)展中醫(yī)藥事業(yè)。支持社會辦醫(yī)，發(fā)展健康產(chǎn)業(yè)。促進生育政策和相關經(jīng)濟社會政策配套銜接，加強人口發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略研究。積極應對人口老齡化，構建養(yǎng)老、孝老、敬老政策體系和社會環(huán)境，推進醫(yī)養(yǎng)結合，加快老齡事業(yè)和產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展。

5. Carrying out the Healthy China initiative

A healthy population is a key mark of a prosperous nation and a strong country. We will improve the national health policy, and ensure the delivery of comprehensive lifecycle health services for our people. We will deepen reform of the medicine and healthcare system, establish distinctively Chinese systems for providing basic healthcare, medical insurance, and quality and efficient healthcare services, and develop a sound modern hospital management system. We will improve community-level healthcare services, and strengthen the ranks of general practitioners. We will put an end to the practices of hospitals funding their operations with profits from overpriced drugs, and improve the system for medicine supply. We will, with emphasis on prevention, carry out extensive patriotic health campaigns, promote healthy and positive lifestyles, and prevent and control major diseases. We will initiate a food safety strategy to ensure that people have peace of mind about what they’re putting on their plates. We will support both traditional Chinese medicine and Western medicine, and ensure the preservation and development of traditional Chinese medicine. We will support the development of private hospitals and health-related industries. We will work to ensure that our childbirth policy meshes with related economic and social policies, and carry out research on the population development strategy. As we respond proactively to population aging, we will adopt policies and foster a social environment in which senior citizens are respected, cared for, and live happily in their later years. We will provide integrated elderly care and medical services, and accelerate the development of old-age programs and industries.

（六）打造共建共治共享的社會治理格局。加強社會治理制度建設，完善黨委領導、政府負責、社會協(xié)同、公眾參與、法治保障的社會治理體制，提高社會治理社會化、法治化、智能化、專業(yè)化水平。加強預防和化解社會矛盾機制建設，正確處理人民內(nèi)部矛盾。樹立安全發(fā)展理念，弘揚生命至上、安全第一的思想，健全公共安全體系，完善安全生產(chǎn)責任制，堅決遏制重特大安全事故，提升防災減災救災能力。加快社會治安防控體系建設，依法打擊和懲治黃賭毒黑拐騙等違法犯罪活動，保護人民人身權、財產(chǎn)權、人格權。加強社會心理服務體系建設，培育自尊自信、理性平和、積極向上的社會心態(tài)。加強社區(qū)治理體系建設，推動社會治理重心向基層下移，發(fā)揮社會組織作用，實現(xiàn)政府治理和社會調節(jié)、居民自治良性互動。

6. Establishing a social governance model based on collaboration, participation, and common interests

We will step up institution building in social governance and improve the law-based social governance model under which Party committees exercise leadership, government assumes responsibility, non-governmental actors provide assistance, and the public get involved. We will strengthen public participation and rule of law in social governance, and make such governance smarter and more specialized. We will improve mechanisms for preventing and defusing social tensions, and properly handle problems among the people. We will promote safe development, and raise public awareness that life matters most and that safety comes first; we will improve the public safety system and the responsibility system for workplace safety; we will take resolute measures to prevent serious and major accidents, and build up our capacity for disaster prevention, mitigation, and relief. We will accelerate development of the crime prevention and control system, combat and punish in accordance with law all illegal and criminal activities such as pornography, gambling, drug abuse, gang violence, kidnapping, and fraud, and protect people’s personal rights, property rights, and right to dignity. We will improve the system of public psychological services, and cultivate self-esteem, self-confidence, rationality, composure, and optimism among our people. We will strengthen the system for community governance, shift the focus of social governance to the community level, leverage the role of social organizations, and see that government’s governance efforts on the one hand and society’s selfregulation and residents’ self-governance on the other reinforce each other.

（七）有效維護國家安全。國家安全是安邦定國的重要基石，維護國家安全是全國各族人民根本利益所在。要完善國家安全戰(zhàn)略和國家安全政策，堅決維護國家政治安全，統(tǒng)籌推進各項安全工作。健全國家安全體系，加強國家安全法治保障，提高防范和抵御安全風險能力。嚴密防范和堅決打擊各種滲透顛覆破壞活動、暴力恐怖活動、民族分裂活動、宗教極端活動。加強國家安全教育，增強全黨全國人民國家安全意識，推動全社會形成維護國家安全的強大合力。

7. Effectively safeguarding national security

National security is the cornerstone of peace and stability of our country, and safeguarding it is in the fundamental interests of the Chinese people of all ethnic groups. We will improve our national security strategy and policy, guarantee China’s political security, and take coordinated steps to ensure security in all areas. We will improve our national security system, strengthen rule of law measures to enhance national security, and enhance our capacity for forestalling and fending off security risks. We must rigorously protect against and take resolute measures to combat all acts of infiltration, subversion, and sabotage, as well as violent and terrorist activities, ethnic separatist activities, and religious extremist activities. We will strengthen efforts to raise awareness of national security among all Party members and all the people, and create a strong synergy of the whole society to safeguard national security.

同志們！黨的一切工作必須以最廣大人民根本利益為最高標準。我們要堅持把人民群眾的小事當作自己的大事，從人民群眾關心的事情做起，從讓人民群眾滿意的事情做起，帶領人民不斷創(chuàng)造美好生活！

Comrades,

Meeting the fundamental interests of all our people is the ultimate yardstick for judging all the work of our Party. The issues of concern to the people, be they big or small, should be handled with utmost care and attention. We must start with addressing issues of public concern, start with delivering the outcomes that satisfy public needs, and work without rest to lead our people in pursuing a better life.