九、加快生態(tài)文明體制改革，建設(shè)美麗中國

IX. Speeding up Reform of the System for Developing an Ecological Civilization, and Building a Beautiful China

人與自然是生命共同體，人類必須尊重自然、順應(yīng)自然、保護自然。人類只有遵循自然規(guī)律才能有效防止在開發(fā)利用自然上走彎路，人類對大自然的傷害最終會傷及人類自身，這是無法抗拒的規(guī)律。

Man and nature form a community of life; we, as human beings, must respect nature, follow its ways, and protect it. Only by observing the laws of nature can mankind avoid costly blunders in its exploitation. Any harm we inflict on nature will eventually return to haunt us. This is a reality we have to face.

我們要建設(shè)的現(xiàn)代化是人與自然和諧共生的現(xiàn)代化，既要創(chuàng)造更多物質(zhì)財富和精神財富以滿足人民日益增長的美好生活需要，也要提供更多優(yōu)質(zhì)生態(tài)產(chǎn)品以滿足人民日益增長的優(yōu)美生態(tài)環(huán)境需要。必須堅持節(jié)約優(yōu)先、保護優(yōu)先、自然恢復(fù)為主的方針，形成節(jié)約資源和保護環(huán)境的空間格局、產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)、生產(chǎn)方式、生活方式，還自然以寧靜、和諧、美麗。

The modernization that we pursue is one characterized by harmonious coexistence between man and nature. In addition to creating more material and cultural wealth to meet people’s ever-increasing needs for a better life, we need also to provide more quality ecological goods to meet people’s ever-growing demands for a beautiful environment. We should, acting on the principles of prioritizing resource conservation and environmental protection and letting nature restore itself, develop spatial layouts, industrial structures, and ways of work and life that help conserve resources and protect the environment. With this, we can restore the serenity, harmony, and beauty of nature.

（一）推進綠色發(fā)展。加快建立綠色生產(chǎn)和消費的法律制度和政策導(dǎo)向，建立健全綠色低碳循環(huán)發(fā)展的經(jīng)濟體系。構(gòu)建市場導(dǎo)向的綠色技術(shù)創(chuàng)新體系，發(fā)展綠色金融，壯大節(jié)能環(huán)保產(chǎn)業(yè)、清潔生產(chǎn)產(chǎn)業(yè)、清潔能源產(chǎn)業(yè)。推進能源生產(chǎn)和消費革命，構(gòu)建清潔低碳、安全高效的能源體系。推進資源全面節(jié)約和循環(huán)利用，實施國家節(jié)水行動，降低能耗、物耗，實現(xiàn)生產(chǎn)系統(tǒng)和生活系統(tǒng)循環(huán)鏈接。倡導(dǎo)簡約適度、綠色低碳的生活方式，反對奢侈浪費和不合理消費，開展創(chuàng)建節(jié)約型機關(guān)、綠色家庭、綠色學(xué)校、綠色社區(qū)和綠色出行等行動。

1. Promoting green development

We will step up efforts to establish a legal and policy framework that promotes green production and consumption, and promote a sound economic structure that facilitates green, low-carbon, and circular development. We will create a market-based system for green technology innovation, develop green finance, and spur the development of energy-saving and environmental protection industries as well as clean production and clean energy industries. We will promote a revolution in energy production and consumption, and build an energy sector that is clean, low-carbon, safe, and efficient. We will encourage conservation across the board and promote recycling, take action to get everyone conserving water, cut consumption of energy and materials, and establish linkages between the circular use of resources and materials in industrial production and in everyday life. We encourage simple, moderate, green, and low-carbon ways of life, and oppose extravagance and excessive consumption. We will launch initiatives to make Party and government offices do better when it comes to conservation, and develop eco-friendly families, schools, communities, and transport services.

（二）著力解決突出環(huán)境問題。堅持全民共治、源頭防治，持續(xù)實施大氣污染防治行動，打贏藍天保衛(wèi)戰(zhàn)。加快水污染防治，實施流域環(huán)境和近岸海域綜合治理。強化土壤污染管控和修復(fù)，加強農(nóng)業(yè)面源污染防治，開展農(nóng)村人居環(huán)境整治行動。加強固體廢棄物和垃圾處置。提高污染排放標準，強化排污者責(zé)任，健全環(huán)保信用評價、信息強制性披露、嚴懲重罰等制度。構(gòu)建政府為主導(dǎo)、企業(yè)為主體、社會組織和公眾共同參與的環(huán)境治理體系。積極參與全球環(huán)境治理，落實減排承諾。

2. Solving prominent environmental problems

We will get everyone involved in improving the environment and address environmental issues at the root. We will continue our campaign to prevent and control air pollution to make our skies blue again. We will speed up prevention and control of water pollution, and take comprehensive measures to improve river basins and offshore areas. We will strengthen the control of soil pollution and the restoration of polluted soil, intensify the prevention and control of agricultural pollution from non-point sources, and take measures to improve rural living environments. We will improve the treatment of solid waste and garbage. We will enforce stricter pollutants discharge standards and see to it that polluters are held accountable. We will improve our systems for credibility assessment based on environmental protection performance, for mandatory release of environmental information, and for imposing severe punishment for environmental violations. We will establish an environmental governance system in which government takes the lead, enterprises assume main responsibility, and social organizations and the public also participate. We will get actively involved in global environmental governance and fulfill our commitments on emissions reduction.

（三）加大生態(tài)系統(tǒng)保護力度。實施重要生態(tài)系統(tǒng)保護和修復(fù)重大工程，優(yōu)化生態(tài)安全屏障體系，構(gòu)建生態(tài)廊道和生物多樣性保護網(wǎng)絡(luò)，提升生態(tài)系統(tǒng)質(zhì)量和穩(wěn)定性。完成生態(tài)保護紅線、永久基本農(nóng)田、城鎮(zhèn)開發(fā)邊界三條控制線劃定工作。開展國土綠化行動，推進荒漠化、石漠化、水土流失綜合治理，強化濕地保護和恢復(fù)，加強地質(zhì)災(zāi)害防治。完善天然林保護制度，擴大退耕還林還草。嚴格保護耕地，擴大輪作休耕試點，健全耕地草原森林河流湖泊休養(yǎng)生息制度，建立市場化、多元化生態(tài)補償機制。

3. Intensifying the protection of ecosystems

We will carry out major projects to protect and restore key ecosystems, improve the system of shields for ecological security, and develop ecological corridors and biodiversity protection networks, so as to strengthen the quality and stability of our ecosystems. We will complete work on drawing redlines for protecting the ecosystems, designating permanent basic cropland, and delineating boundaries for urban development. We will promote afforestation, take comprehensive steps to control desertification, stony deserts, and soil erosion, strengthen wetland conservation and restoration, and better prevent and control geological disasters. We will improve the system for protecting natural forests, and turn more marginal farmland into forests and grasslands. We will rigorously protect farmland and expand trials in crop rotation and keeping land fallow. We will improve systems for regeneration of croplands, grasslands, forests, rivers, and lakes, and set up diversified market-based mechanisms for ecological compensation.

（四）改革生態(tài)環(huán)境監(jiān)管體制。加強對生態(tài)文明建設(shè)的總體設(shè)計和組織領(lǐng)導(dǎo)，設(shè)立國有自然資源資產(chǎn)管理和自然生態(tài)監(jiān)管機構(gòu)，完善生態(tài)環(huán)境管理制度，統(tǒng)一行使全民所有自然資源資產(chǎn)所有者職責(zé)，統(tǒng)一行使所有國土空間用途管制和生態(tài)保護修復(fù)職責(zé)，統(tǒng)一行使監(jiān)管城鄉(xiāng)各類污染排放和行政執(zhí)法職責(zé)。構(gòu)建國土空間開發(fā)保護制度，完善主體功能區(qū)配套政策，建立以國家公園為主體的自然保護地體系。堅決制止和懲處破壞生態(tài)環(huán)境行為。

4. Reforming the environmental regulation system

We will strengthen overall planning, organization, and leadership for building an ecological civilization. We will establish regulatory agencies to manage state-owned natural resource assets and monitor natural ecosystems, and improve environmental management systems. These agencies will, in a unified way, perform the duties of the owner of public-owned natural resource assets, the duties of regulating the use of all territorial space and protecting and restoring ecosystems, and the duties of monitoring the discharge of all pollutants in urban and rural areas and conducting administrative law enforcement. We will establish systems for developing and protecting territorial space, improve supporting policies on functional zones, and develop a nature reserves system composed mainly of national parks. We will take tough steps to stop and punish all activities that damage the environment.

同志們！生態(tài)文明建設(shè)功在當代、利在千秋。我們要牢固樹立社會主義生態(tài)文明觀，推動形成人與自然和諧發(fā)展現(xiàn)代化建設(shè)新格局，為保護生態(tài)環(huán)境作出我們這代人的努力！

Comrades,

What we are doing today to build an ecological civilization will benefit generations to come. We should have a strong commitment to socialist ecological civilization and work to develop a new model of modernization with humans developing in harmony with nature. We must do our generation’s share to protect the environment.

十、堅持走中國特色強軍之路，全面推進國防和軍隊現(xiàn)代化

X. Staying Committed to the Chinese Path of Building Strong Armed Forces and Fully Advancing the Modernization of National Defense and the Military

國防和軍隊建設(shè)正站在新的歷史起點上。面對國家安全環(huán)境的深刻變化，面對強國強軍的時代要求，必須全面貫徹新時代黨的強軍思想，貫徹新形勢下軍事戰(zhàn)略方針，建設(shè)強大的現(xiàn)代化陸軍、海軍、空軍、火箭軍和戰(zhàn)略支援部隊，打造堅強高效的戰(zhàn)區(qū)聯(lián)合作戰(zhàn)指揮機構(gòu)，構(gòu)建中國特色現(xiàn)代作戰(zhàn)體系，擔當起黨和人民賦予的新時代使命任務(wù)。

We have reached a new historical starting point in strengthening national defense and the armed forces. Confronted with profound changes in our national security environment and responding to the demands of the day for a strong country with a strong military, we must fully implement the Party’s thinking on strengthening the military for the new era and the military strategy for new conditions, build a powerful and modernized army, navy, air force, rocket force, and strategic support force, develop strong and efficient joint operations commanding institutions for theater commands, and create a modern combat system with distinctive Chinese characteristics. Our armed forces must be up to shouldering the missions and tasks of the new era entrusted to them by the Party and the people.

適應(yīng)世界新軍事革命發(fā)展趨勢和國家安全需求，提高建設(shè)質(zhì)量和效益，確保到二○二○年基本實現(xiàn)機械化，信息化建設(shè)取得重大進展，戰(zhàn)略能力有大的提升。同國家現(xiàn)代化進程相一致，全面推進軍事理論現(xiàn)代化、軍隊組織形態(tài)現(xiàn)代化、軍事人員現(xiàn)代化、武器裝備現(xiàn)代化，力爭到二○三五年基本實現(xiàn)國防和軍隊現(xiàn)代化，到本世紀中葉把人民軍隊全面建成世界一流軍隊。

We will adapt to the trend of a new global military revolution and to national security needs; we will upgrade our military capabilities, and see that, by the year 2020, mechanization is basically achieved, IT application has come a long way, and strategic capabilities have seen a big improvement. In step with our country’s modernization process, we will modernize our military across the board in terms of theory, organizational structure, service personnel, and weaponry. We will make it our mission to see that by 2035, the modernization of our national defense and our forces is basically completed; and that by the mid-21st century our people’s armed forces have been fully transformed into world-class forces.

加強軍隊黨的建設(shè)，開展“傳承紅色基因、擔當強軍重任”主題教育，推進軍人榮譽體系建設(shè)，培養(yǎng)有靈魂、有本事、有血性、有品德的新時代革命軍人，永葆人民軍隊性質(zhì)、宗旨、本色。繼續(xù)深化國防和軍隊改革，深化軍官職業(yè)化制度、文職人員制度、兵役制度等重大政策制度改革，推進軍事管理革命，完善和發(fā)展中國特色社會主義軍事制度。樹立科技是核心戰(zhàn)斗力的思想，推進重大技術(shù)創(chuàng)新、自主創(chuàng)新，加強軍事人才培養(yǎng)體系建設(shè)，建設(shè)創(chuàng)新型人民軍隊。全面從嚴治軍，推動治軍方式根本性轉(zhuǎn)變，提高國防和軍隊建設(shè)法治化水平。

We will strengthen Party building in the military. We will launch activities under the theme of “passing on the traditions of revolution; stepping up to the task of making the military strong.” We will move forward with the development of the military honors system. We will train the revolutionary officers and soldiers of a new era with faith, ability, courage, and integrity, and see that our forces forever preserve their nature, purpose, and character as the forces of the people. We will continue to deepen national defense and military reform. We will further the reform of major policy systems, including the career officers system, the system for posting civilian personnel in the military, and the military service system. We will push ahead with transformation of military management, and improve and develop our distinctively Chinese socialist military institutions. We must keep it firm in our minds that technology is the core combat capability, encourage innovations in major technologies, and conduct innovations independently. We will strengthen the system for training military personnel, and make our people’s forces more innovative. We will govern the military with strict discipline in every respect, push for a fundamental transformation in the way our military is run, and strengthen the role of rule of law in enhancing national defense and military capabilities.

軍隊是要準備打仗的，一切工作都必須堅持戰(zhàn)斗力標準，向能打仗、打勝仗聚焦。扎實做好各戰(zhàn)略方向軍事斗爭準備，統(tǒng)籌推進傳統(tǒng)安全領(lǐng)域和新型安全領(lǐng)域軍事斗爭準備，發(fā)展新型作戰(zhàn)力量和保障力量，開展實戰(zhàn)化軍事訓(xùn)練，加強軍事力量運用，加快軍事智能化發(fā)展，提高基于網(wǎng)絡(luò)信息體系的聯(lián)合作戰(zhàn)能力、全域作戰(zhàn)能力，有效塑造態(tài)勢、管控危機、遏制戰(zhàn)爭、打贏戰(zhàn)爭。

A military is built to fight. Our military must regard combat capability as the criterion to meet in all its work and focus on how to win when it is called on. We will take solid steps to ensure military preparedness for all strategic directions, and make progress in combat readiness in both traditional and new security fields. We will develop new combat forces and support forces, conduct military training under combat conditions, strengthen the application of military strength, speed up development of intelligent military, and improve combat capabilities for joint operations based on the network information system and the ability to fight under multi-dimensional conditions. This will enable us to effectively shape our military posture, manage crises, and deter and win wars.

堅持富國和強軍相統(tǒng)一，強化統(tǒng)一領(lǐng)導(dǎo)、頂層設(shè)計、改革創(chuàng)新和重大項目落實，深化國防科技工業(yè)改革，形成軍民融合深度發(fā)展格局，構(gòu)建一體化的國家戰(zhàn)略體系和能力。完善國防動員體系，建設(shè)強大穩(wěn)固的現(xiàn)代邊海空防。組建退役軍人管理保障機構(gòu)，維護軍人軍屬合法權(quán)益，讓軍人成為全社會尊崇的職業(yè)。深化武警部隊改革，建設(shè)現(xiàn)代化武裝警察部隊。

We should ensure that efforts to make our country prosperous and efforts to make our military strong go hand in hand. We will strengthen unified leadership, top-level design, reform, and innovation. We will speed up implementation of major projects, deepen reform of defense-related science, technology, and industry, achieve greater military-civilian integration, and build integrated national strategies and strategic capabilities. We will improve our national defense mobilization system, and build a strong, well-structured, and modern border defense, coastal defense, and air defense. We will establish an administration for veterans; we will protect the legitimate rights and interests of military personnel and their families; and we will make military service an occupation that enjoys public respect. We will carry out further reforms to build a modernized armed police force.

同志們！我們的軍隊是人民軍隊，我們的國防是全民國防。我們要加強全民國防教育，鞏固軍政軍民團結(jié)，為實現(xiàn)中國夢強軍夢凝聚強大力量！

Comrades,

Our military is the people’s military, and our national defense is the responsibility of every one of us. We must raise public awareness about the importance of national defense and strengthen unity between the government and the military and between the people and the military. Let us work together to create a mighty force for realizing the Chinese Dream and the dream of building a powerful military.