三、對(duì)2018年政府工作的建議
The work of government in 2018

今年經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)發(fā)展任務(wù)十分繁重。要緊緊抓住大有可為的歷史機(jī)遇期，統(tǒng)籌兼顧、突出重點(diǎn)，扎實(shí)做好各項(xiàng)工作。
The tasks of economic and social development this year are formidable. We should make the most of this period of historic opportunity—a period for making things happen. We should take coordinated action that covers all sectors and focus on clear priorities, to deliver a solid performance in all areas of work.

（一）深入推進(jìn)供給側(cè)結(jié)構(gòu)性改革。堅(jiān)持把發(fā)展經(jīng)濟(jì)著力點(diǎn)放在實(shí)體經(jīng)濟(jì)上，繼續(xù)抓好“三去一降一補(bǔ)”，大力簡政減稅減費(fèi)，不斷優(yōu)化營商環(huán)境，進(jìn)一步激發(fā)市場(chǎng)主體活力，提升經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展質(zhì)量。
1. Stepping up supply-side structural reform

In economic development we need to focus on the real economy. We should continue to cut overcapacity, reduce excess inventory, deleverage, lower costs, and strengthen areas of weakness. We should take big steps to streamline administration and cut taxes and fees, keep improving the business environment, and further energize market entities, to increase the quality of economic growth.

發(fā)展壯大新動(dòng)能。做大做強(qiáng)新興產(chǎn)業(yè)集群，實(shí)施大數(shù)據(jù)發(fā)展行動(dòng)，加強(qiáng)新一代人工智能研發(fā)應(yīng)用，在醫(yī)療、養(yǎng)老、教育、文化、體育等多領(lǐng)域推進(jìn)“互聯(lián)網(wǎng)＋”。加快發(fā)展現(xiàn)代服務(wù)業(yè)。發(fā)展智能產(chǎn)業(yè)，拓展智能生活，建設(shè)智慧社會(huì)。運(yùn)用新技術(shù)、新業(yè)態(tài)、新模式，大力改造提升傳統(tǒng)產(chǎn)業(yè)。加強(qiáng)新興產(chǎn)業(yè)統(tǒng)計(jì)。加大網(wǎng)絡(luò)提速降費(fèi)力度，實(shí)現(xiàn)高速寬帶城鄉(xiāng)全覆蓋，擴(kuò)大公共場(chǎng)所免費(fèi)上網(wǎng)范圍，明顯降低家庭寬帶、企業(yè)寬帶和專線使用費(fèi)，取消流量“漫游”費(fèi)，移動(dòng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)流量資費(fèi)年內(nèi)至少降低30％，讓群眾和企業(yè)切實(shí)受益，為數(shù)字中國、網(wǎng)絡(luò)強(qiáng)國建設(shè)加油助力。
We should develop powerful new growth drivers.

We should create big, strong industrial clusters in emerging industries, implement the big data development action plan, step up next-generation artificial intelligence R&D and application, and do more to promote the Internet Plus model in many fields like medical care, elderly care, education, culture, and sports. We should move faster to develop modern services. We should develop intelligent industries, expand intelligent living, and build a smart society. We should use new technologies, new forms of business, and new models to transform and upgrade traditional industries. Statistics on emerging industries should be strengthened.We should do more to speed up broadband and bring down internet rates, achieve high-speed broadband access in both urban and rural areas, and make free internet access available in more public places. We should significantly lower the rates of home broadband, and corporate broadband and dedicated internet access services; domestic data roaming charges should be abolished, and rates for mobile internet services should be cut by at least 30 percent. These steps would bring tangible benefits to people and businesses, and boost the development of a Digital China and a leader in cyberspace.

加快制造強(qiáng)國建設(shè)。推動(dòng)集成電路、第五代移動(dòng)通信、飛機(jī)發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)、新能源汽車、新材料等產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展，實(shí)施重大短板裝備專項(xiàng)工程，推進(jìn)智能制造，發(fā)展工業(yè)互聯(lián)網(wǎng)平臺(tái)，創(chuàng)建“中國制造2025”示范區(qū)。大幅壓減工業(yè)生產(chǎn)許可證，強(qiáng)化產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量監(jiān)管。全面開展質(zhì)量提升行動(dòng)，推進(jìn)與國際先進(jìn)水平對(duì)標(biāo)達(dá)標(biāo)，弘揚(yáng)勞模精神和工匠精神，建設(shè)知識(shí)型、技能型、創(chuàng)新型勞動(dòng)者大軍，來一場(chǎng)中國制造的品質(zhì)革命。
We should speed up work to build China into a leader in manufacturing.

We should promote the development of integrated circuits, 5G mobile communications, aircraft engines, new-energy vehicles, and new materials. We should launch an initiative to shore up weaknesses in major equipment manufacturing, advance smart manufacturing, develop industrial internet platforms, and create Made in China 2025 demonstration zones.We should significantly scale back industrial production licensing, and strengthen product quality oversight. We should take action in all sectors to improve quality, and work toward meeting the highest international standards. We should encourage the model worker work ethic and the spirit of quality workmanship, build an educated, skilled, and innovative workforce, and ignite a quality revolution in Chinese manufacturing.

繼續(xù)破除無效供給。堅(jiān)持用市場(chǎng)化法治化手段，嚴(yán)格執(zhí)行環(huán)保、質(zhì)量、安全等法規(guī)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，化解過剩產(chǎn)能、淘汰落后產(chǎn)能。今年再壓減鋼鐵產(chǎn)能3000萬噸左右，退出煤炭產(chǎn)能1．5億噸左右，淘汰關(guān)停不達(dá)標(biāo)的30萬千瓦以下煤電機(jī)組。加大“僵尸企業(yè)”破產(chǎn)清算和重整力度，做好職工安置和債務(wù)處置。減少無效供給要抓出新成效。
We should continue cutting ineffective supply.

With a commitment to using approaches consistent with market principles and the rule of law, we need to strictly enforce environmental protection, quality, and safety laws, regulations, and standards, and ease overcapacity and close down outdated production facilities. This year, steel production capacity should be further cut by around 30 million metric tons and coal production capacity should be cut by about 150 million metric tons. Coal-fired power generating units with a capacity of less than 300,000 kilowatts that fail to meet standards should be closed.We should step up work on “zombie enterprise” bankruptcy liquidations and reorganization, ensuring that affected employees are given assistance and debts are dealt with. In cutting ineffective supply, we need to knuckle down to produce new results.

深化“放管服”改革。全面實(shí)施全國統(tǒng)一的市場(chǎng)準(zhǔn)入負(fù)面清單制度。在全國推開“證照分離”改革，重點(diǎn)是照后減證，各類證能減盡減、能合則合，進(jìn)一步壓縮企業(yè)開辦時(shí)間。大幅縮短商標(biāo)注冊(cè)周期。工程建設(shè)項(xiàng)目審批時(shí)間再壓減一半。推進(jìn)企業(yè)投資項(xiàng)目承諾制改革試點(diǎn)。全面實(shí)施“雙隨機(jī)、一公開”監(jiān)管，決不允許假冒偽劣滋生蔓延，決不允許執(zhí)法者吃拿卡要。深入推進(jìn)“互聯(lián)網(wǎng)＋政務(wù)服務(wù)”，使更多事項(xiàng)在網(wǎng)上辦理，必須到現(xiàn)場(chǎng)辦的也要力爭做到“只進(jìn)一扇門”、“最多跑一次”。加強(qiáng)政務(wù)服務(wù)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化建設(shè)。大力推進(jìn)綜合執(zhí)法機(jī)構(gòu)機(jī)制改革，著力解決多頭多層重復(fù)執(zhí)法問題。加快政府信息系統(tǒng)互聯(lián)互通，打通信息孤島。清理群眾和企業(yè)辦事的各類證明，沒有法律法規(guī)依據(jù)的一律取消。優(yōu)化營商環(huán)境就是解放生產(chǎn)力、提高競爭力，要破障礙、去煩苛、筑坦途，為市場(chǎng)主體添活力，為人民群眾增便利。
We should deepen the reforms designed to delegate powers, improve regulation, and strengthen services.

We should put fully into effect a nationally unified market access negative list system. The reform separating permits and certificates from business licenses should be rolled out nationwide. With the main thrust of this reform being to cut back on the permits and certificates now required once a business license is issued, all that can be cut should be cut, and all that can be merged should be merged. This would further trim a chunk off the time it takes to complete all the procedures required for starting a business. The turnaround time for registering a trademark should be significantly shortened, and the time it takes for a construction project to get government approval should again be halved. Trial reforms should be advanced to introduce a business-invested project commitment system.An oversight model using randomly selected inspectors to inspect randomly selected entities and requiring the prompt release of results should be implemented across the board. There should be zero tolerance for counterfeit and substandard products and corruption in law enforcement.We should make progress with the Internet Plus Government Services model, enabling more matters to be processed online, and doing our best to see that things requiring presence in person get done in one place and without the need for a second trip. We should step up efforts to standardize government services. We should work hard to advance the comprehensive institutional reform of law enforcement bodies, focusing on resolving the problem of layers of duplication in law enforcement. We should work faster to develop government information system connectivity and connect up information islands. We should review all types of certificates required of individuals and businesses when accessing government services, and put a stop to anything being required that does not have a basis in law or regulations. Creating a better business environment would unlock productivity and increase competitiveness. We need to remove barriers, cut red tape, and build even pathways, to energize market entities and bring greater convenience to the people.

進(jìn)一步減輕企業(yè)稅負(fù)。改革完善增值稅制度，按照三檔并兩檔方向調(diào)整稅率水平，重點(diǎn)降低制造業(yè)、交通運(yùn)輸?shù)刃袠I(yè)稅率，提高小規(guī)模納稅人年銷售額標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。大幅擴(kuò)展享受減半征收所得稅優(yōu)惠政策的小微企業(yè)范圍。大幅提高企業(yè)新購入儀器設(shè)備稅前扣除上限。實(shí)施企業(yè)境外所得綜合抵免政策。擴(kuò)大物流企業(yè)倉儲(chǔ)用地稅收優(yōu)惠范圍。繼續(xù)實(shí)施企業(yè)重組土地增值稅、契稅等到期優(yōu)惠政策。全年再為企業(yè)和個(gè)人減稅8000多億元，促進(jìn)實(shí)體經(jīng)濟(jì)轉(zhuǎn)型升級(jí)，著力激發(fā)市場(chǎng)活力和社會(huì)創(chuàng)造力。
We should further lighten the tax burden on businesses.

The VAT system should be reformed and improved: We should turn the three tax brackets into two and adjust rates, prioritize lowering rates in manufacturing and transportation, and raise the annual sales threshold for small-scale taxpayers. Far greater numbers of small low-profit businesses should have their income tax halved, and the ceilings on deductible business purchases of instruments and equipment should be significantly raised. A policy of uniform corporate income tax exemption on the overseas earnings of Chinese businesses should be put into implementation. More logistics companies should be able to enjoy preferential tax treatment on their use of land for storage facilities. Some expiring preferential policies should be extended, such as those on VAT and deed transfer tax on land transactions in enterprise reorganizations.These measures would, over the year, reduce taxes on businesses and individuals by more than 800 billion yuan, promote the transformation and upgrading of the real economy, and do much to unleash market vitality and public creativity.

大幅降低企業(yè)非稅負(fù)擔(dān)。進(jìn)一步清理規(guī)范行政事業(yè)性收費(fèi)，調(diào)低部分政府性基金征收標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。繼續(xù)階段性降低企業(yè)“五險(xiǎn)一金”繳費(fèi)比例。降低電網(wǎng)環(huán)節(jié)收費(fèi)和輸配電價(jià)格，一般工商業(yè)電價(jià)平均降低10％。深化收費(fèi)公路制度改革，降低過路過橋費(fèi)用。加大中介服務(wù)收費(fèi)清理整頓力度。全年要為市場(chǎng)主體減輕非稅負(fù)擔(dān)3000多億元，不合理的堅(jiān)決取消，過高的堅(jiān)決降下來，讓企業(yè)輕裝上陣、聚力發(fā)展。
We should slash non-tax burdens on businesses.

We should further review and standardize government administrative fees, and lower required payments to some government-managed funds. We should continue the time-limited policy of lowering the share borne by businesses for contributions to old-age pension, medical insurance, unemployment insurance, workers’ compensation, maternity insurance, and housing provident fund schemes. Power grid charges and electricity transmission and distribution prices should be lowered, and the price of electricity for general industrial and commercial businesses should be cut by an average of 10 percent. We should deepen reform of the system of highway tolls and reduce tolls on highways and bridges. Charges for intermediary services should be thoroughly overhauled.This year, to lighten the non-tax burden on market entities by over 300 billion yuan, all unjustified fees need to be abolished and all excessive fees need to be cut, leaving enterprises with a much lighter load and free to focus their resources on their development.

（二）加快建設(shè)創(chuàng)新型國家。把握世界新一輪科技革命和產(chǎn)業(yè)變革大勢(shì)，深入實(shí)施創(chuàng)新驅(qū)動(dòng)發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略，不斷增強(qiáng)經(jīng)濟(jì)創(chuàng)新力和競爭力。
2. Moving faster to make China a country of innovators
The latest global revolution in science and technology and industrial transformation are trends we must make the most of. We should do more in implementing the innovation-driven development strategy, and keep on making the Chinese economy more innovative and competitive.

加強(qiáng)國家創(chuàng)新體系建設(shè)。強(qiáng)化基礎(chǔ)研究、應(yīng)用基礎(chǔ)研究和原始創(chuàng)新，啟動(dòng)一批科技創(chuàng)新重大項(xiàng)目，高標(biāo)準(zhǔn)建設(shè)國家實(shí)驗(yàn)室。鼓勵(lì)企業(yè)牽頭實(shí)施重大科技項(xiàng)目，支持科研院所、高校與企業(yè)融通創(chuàng)新，加快創(chuàng)新成果轉(zhuǎn)化應(yīng)用。國家科技投入要向民生領(lǐng)域傾斜，加強(qiáng)霧霾治理研究，推進(jìn)癌癥等重大疾病防治攻關(guān)，使科技更好造福人民。
We should improve national innovation systems.

We should strengthen basic research, application-oriented basic research, and original innovation, launch a number of major science and technology innovation programs, and build top-quality national laboratories. We should encourage enterprises to head up major science and technology programs, support collaborative innovation by research institutes, universities, and enterprises, and speed up the commercialization and application of innovations. State investments in science and technology should be weighted toward fields related to improving living standards; smog prevention and control research should be strengthened, and more should be done toward making breakthroughs in the prevention and treatment of cancers and other serious diseases, to make science and technology do more to benefit the people.

落實(shí)和完善創(chuàng)新激勵(lì)政策。改革科技管理制度，科研項(xiàng)目績效評(píng)價(jià)要加快從重過程向重結(jié)果轉(zhuǎn)變。賦予創(chuàng)新團(tuán)隊(duì)和領(lǐng)軍人才更大的人財(cái)物支配權(quán)和技術(shù)路線決策權(quán)。對(duì)承擔(dān)重大科技攻關(guān)任務(wù)的科研人員，采取靈活的薪酬制度和獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)措施。探索賦予科研人員科技成果所有權(quán)或長期使用權(quán)。有悖于激勵(lì)創(chuàng)新的陳規(guī)舊章，要抓緊修改廢止；有礙于釋放創(chuàng)新活力的繁文縟節(jié)，要下決心砍掉。
We should act on and improve policies that stimulate innovation.

We should reform the science and technology management system, and speed up the shift in research project performance assessment from emphasis on processes to emphasis on outcomes. We should empower innovation teams and leaders by seeing that they have more human, financial, and material resources at their disposal and more power to make decisions related to technology roadmaps. For researchers working on major scientific and technological breakthroughs we should adopt flexible remuneration systems and reward schemes. We should explore ways to grant researchers ownership or permanent use rights over their scientific and technological outputs.All outdated rules and regulations that sap the inspiration for innovation need to be modified or abolished without delay, and all red tape that strangles efforts to unlock innovation need to be torn clean away.

促進(jìn)大眾創(chuàng)業(yè)、萬眾創(chuàng)新上水平。我國擁有世界上規(guī)模最大的人力人才資源，這是創(chuàng)新發(fā)展的最大“富礦”。要提供全方位創(chuàng)新創(chuàng)業(yè)服務(wù)，推進(jìn)“雙創(chuàng)”示范基地建設(shè)，鼓勵(lì)大企業(yè)、高校和科研院所等開放創(chuàng)新資源，發(fā)展平臺(tái)經(jīng)濟(jì)、共享經(jīng)濟(jì)，形成線上線下結(jié)合、產(chǎn)學(xué)研用協(xié)同、大中小企業(yè)融合的創(chuàng)新創(chuàng)業(yè)格局，打造“雙創(chuàng)”升級(jí)版。設(shè)立國家融資擔(dān)?；穑С謨?yōu)質(zhì)創(chuàng)新型企業(yè)上市融資，將創(chuàng)業(yè)投資、天使投資稅收優(yōu)惠政策試點(diǎn)范圍擴(kuò)大到全國。深化人才發(fā)展體制改革，推動(dòng)人力資源自由有序流動(dòng)，支持企業(yè)提高技術(shù)工人待遇，加大高技能人才激勵(lì)，鼓勵(lì)海外留學(xué)人員回國創(chuàng)新創(chuàng)業(yè)，拓寬外國人才來華綠色通道。集眾智匯眾力，一定能跑出中國創(chuàng)新“加速度”。
We need to take the nationwide business startup and innovation initiative to the next level.

China is home to the biggest pool of human resources and talent in the world. In this we have the greatest gold mine there is for innovation and development. We should provide services that tick every box for inventors, innovators, and entrepreneurs, and establish more business startup and innovation demonstration centers. We should encourage large enterprises, universities, research institutes, and other organizations to enable access to the resources necessary for innovation, boost the platform economy and the sharing economy, and create an innovation and entrepreneurship landscape of combinations of online and offline activities, collaboration between enterprises, universities, research institutes, and end-users, and partnering between businesses of all sizes. With these efforts, we would create an upgraded edition of the national initiative to promote business startups and innovation.We should establish a state financing guaranty fund, support leading innovative enterprises in going public, and extend nationwide the pilot preferential tax policies for venture capital investment and angel investment.We should deepen the reform of institutions for talent development, promote free, orderly flows of human resources, support enterprises in increasing pay packages for technical workers, and strengthen the incentives for highly skilled personnel.We should encourage overseas Chinese students to return to China after completing their studies to pursue business and other innovative ventures; we should create a fast track to attract more foreign talent to China. If myriad intellects are brought together and all energies are pooled, we can be sure to see China break into a sprint in innovation.