新華社記者：2018年是中國改革開放40周年，提出了改革要再出發(fā)，現(xiàn)在國內(nèi)外對(duì)中國加快改革有許多新期待。請(qǐng)問今年改革會(huì)有什么具體的行動(dòng)？在優(yōu)化營商環(huán)境方面會(huì)有哪些新舉措？
Xinhua News Agency: The year 2018 marked the 40th anniversary of China’s reform and opening-up, putting China’s reform at a new starting point. There have been new hopes, both at home and abroad, for China to accelerate its reform agenda. What concrete actions will be taken to deepen reform this year? What specific measures will be adopted to improve China’s business environment?

李克強(qiáng)：改革開放40年來，中國發(fā)展取得了巨大成就，惠及了億萬中國人民。這條路我們會(huì)繼續(xù)走下去，而且應(yīng)該越走越深入、越寬廣。也就是說，我們要繼續(xù)推進(jìn)建設(shè)社會(huì)主義市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)，繼續(xù)堅(jiān)持市場(chǎng)化改革的方向。
Premier Li: Through 40 years of reform and opening-up, China has made remarkable achievements, delivering benefits to its entire population. We intend to stay on this path and will pursue our reform at greater depth and breadth. We will continue to develop our socialist market economy, and pursue market-oriented reforms.

政府要堅(jiān)持推進(jìn)市場(chǎng)化、法治化的改革，以實(shí)際行動(dòng)、具體舉措讓改革成果不斷顯現(xiàn)。政府的改革應(yīng)該是更好地讓市場(chǎng)在配置資源中發(fā)揮決定性作用，也就是說要圍著市場(chǎng)做文章，不是老給市場(chǎng)下指令、讓市場(chǎng)做什么，而是要把市場(chǎng)的活力激發(fā)出來。這次我在參加“兩會(huì)”的時(shí)候，不少代表委員都提出希望繼續(xù)優(yōu)化營商環(huán)境。給企業(yè)好的營商環(huán)境、公平的營商環(huán)境，市場(chǎng)就會(huì)發(fā)揮自身的力量。應(yīng)該說，我們這幾年通過“放管服”改革，營商環(huán)境的優(yōu)化是取得成效的。去年有關(guān)國際組織把中國營商環(huán)境的排名提升了30多位。但社會(huì)上也有呼聲，營商環(huán)境改善得還不夠，還有較大差距。我們要傾聽這種呼聲，進(jìn)一步改善營商環(huán)境。營商環(huán)境好了，市場(chǎng)的活力和社會(huì)的創(chuàng)造力就會(huì)更大地釋放出來。
The government will continue to move forward these reforms in accordance with market principles and the law, to ensure that concrete outcomes will be delivered through specific actions. In carrying out reform, the government must create an enabling environment for the market to play its decisive role in allocating resources. The job of the government is not to direct what the market should or should not do, but to do its best to energize all market players. During this year’s “Two Sessions”, I have heard the hope expressed by many NPC deputies and CPPCC members for a better business environment in China. They told me that if there is a more enabling business environment and a level playing field, the market will be in a stronger position to play its role. Over the years, through the reform of government functions, we have made substantial progress in improving our business environment. This has also been evidenced by the fact that China’s global ranking in terms of ease of doing business run by an important international organization moved up by over 30 spots last year. There has been improvement, but we are still falling short in some respects. We must listen closely to the views expressed by market players and do our level best to foster a better business environment to unlock market vitality and creativity of the people.

改善營商環(huán)境，還是要放管結(jié)合、放管并重。放就是要平等地放，不能搞三六九等。我們減少審批程序、辦證辦照時(shí)間，應(yīng)該說對(duì)各類所有制企業(yè)，原則是一視同仁的?，F(xiàn)在開辦企業(yè)拿營業(yè)執(zhí)照的時(shí)間，經(jīng)過幾年努力，已經(jīng)從22天降到了8.5天，今年要力爭降到5天，有的地方可以降到3天，目前有的發(fā)達(dá)國家才1天。我到基層去調(diào)研，有不少企業(yè)反映，拿到營業(yè)執(zhí)照以后還需要很多證，這是所謂“準(zhǔn)入不準(zhǔn)營”。我們要采取措施，除了涉及公共安全、特種行業(yè)之外，都應(yīng)該拿到營業(yè)執(zhí)照以后就可以正常經(jīng)營。政府的監(jiān)管部門可以加強(qiáng)事中事后監(jiān)管，在這個(gè)過程中，對(duì)企業(yè)的行為進(jìn)行甄別辨別，需要發(fā)證的發(fā)證，不符合資質(zhì)條件的，該逐出市場(chǎng)就逐出市場(chǎng)。
When improving the business environment, efforts will be made in both deregulation and oversight. By deregulation, we will ensure that companies of all types of ownership will stand to benefit as equals from our measures of administrative streamlining, including cutting the time required for companies to get business license or other required licenses and permits. There should be no discriminatory practices. For example, through years of efforts, we have cut the time required to get a business license from 22 days to 8.5 days. This year, our goal is to further cut it to five days, and in some places with better conditions, maybe three days. It only takes one day to get a business license in some developed countries. When I visited some local areas, I heard complaints from business owners, telling me that even with a business license, they still face a myriad of requirements for other types of permits, that is, their companies can be up but not actually running. We plan to ensure that except for those areas involving public safety and security and other special sectors, a business license should be enough for a company to be up and running. For government departments, their job should be focused on enhancing compliance oversight, to see what permits are required, and ban non-compliant and disqualified companies from the market.

寬進(jìn)就要嚴(yán)管。公平的準(zhǔn)入，公正的監(jiān)管，這是鳥之兩翼，不可偏廢。如果我們監(jiān)管不到位，那些坑蒙拐騙、侵犯知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)、假冒偽劣、惡意拖欠款項(xiàng)的行為就有可能肆意妄為。這次“兩會(huì)”上我聽到一些政協(xié)委員反映，他們遇到的是打官司難、討債難，政府的監(jiān)管不到位。監(jiān)管要把規(guī)則公開透明，讓被監(jiān)管者知道自己該做什么、不該做什么。監(jiān)管不能搞選擇性監(jiān)管、任性監(jiān)管。要形成一種放和管結(jié)合的有效的制度性安排。
With lower market thresholds, there must be tightened oversight. There should be fair access to market and impartial regulation. With laxity in regulation on the part of government, malpractices such as cheating and manipulation, infringements of intellectual property, making and selling of fake or substandard goods, or payment arrears, may be left unchecked. I have heard complaints from CPPCC members during this year’s “Two Sessions” about difficulties in seeking legal redress and getting debts repaid due to inadequate oversight. We must make the rules open and transparent, so that market players are fully aware of the dos and don’ts. We must not exercise selective or arbitrary regulation. We must put in place effective institutional arrangements for both deregulation and oversight.

我可以這么說，減稅降費(fèi)和簡政、公平監(jiān)管，這是我們應(yīng)對(duì)經(jīng)濟(jì)下行壓力、激發(fā)市場(chǎng)活力的兩個(gè)重要的關(guān)鍵舉措，目的是要讓中國經(jīng)濟(jì)行穩(wěn)致遠(yuǎn)，而且活力四射。
It can be said that the tax and fee cuts, together with administrative streamlining and impartial regulation, are two very important parts of our measures to counter the downward economic pressure and boost market vitality. The purpose is to ensure steady and sustained growth of the Chinese economy, and make it full of vigor and vitality.

東森新聞云記者：今年年初習(xí)近平總書記在《告臺(tái)灣同胞書》發(fā)表40周年紀(jì)念會(huì)上的重要講話，在兩岸引起廣泛關(guān)注。外界很關(guān)注，大陸今年會(huì)在促進(jìn)兩岸共同發(fā)展和兩岸民眾福祉等方面具體如何貫徹和落實(shí)？
ETV Today of Taiwan: Early this year, President Xi Jinping gave an important speech at the Meeting Commemorating the 40th Anniversary of the Issuance of the Message to Compatriots in Taiwan and that important speech received close attention from people on both sides of the Taiwan Strait. My question is: how will the mainland implement the policies and propositions set out in that important speech, in particular, to promote the common development of the two sides of the Taiwan Strait and improve the well-being of people on both sides?

李克強(qiáng)：今年年初，習(xí)近平總書記在《告臺(tái)灣同胞書》發(fā)表40周年紀(jì)念會(huì)上的重要講話，闡述了我們關(guān)于臺(tái)灣問題的大政方針、原則立場(chǎng)。我們將繼續(xù)堅(jiān)持一個(gè)中國原則和“九二共識(shí)”，反對(duì)“臺(tái)獨(dú)”，促進(jìn)兩岸關(guān)系和平穩(wěn)定發(fā)展，促進(jìn)祖國和平統(tǒng)一。
Premier Li: Indeed, early this year, General Secretary Xi Jinping gave an important speech at the Meeting Commemorating the 40th Anniversary of the Issuance of the Message to Compatriots in Taiwan. In the important speech, he articulated our principles and policies on the Taiwan question. We will continue to adhere to the one-China principle and the 1992 Consensus, and oppose Taiwan independence. We will continue to work to promote peaceful growth of cross-Strait relations and the peaceful reunification of our motherland.

兩岸同胞同根相系，我們?cè)敢獬雠_(tái)更多的優(yōu)惠政策，讓臺(tái)灣同胞在大陸不論是投資興業(yè)、就業(yè)就學(xué)，還是生活居住，都能夠享受到和大陸同胞同等待遇。我們已經(jīng)出臺(tái)了促進(jìn)兩岸經(jīng)濟(jì)文化交流合作的“31條舉措”，現(xiàn)在的問題是要把這“31條舉措”扎扎實(shí)實(shí)地落到位，而且在這個(gè)過程中還應(yīng)當(dāng)有新的舉措。兩岸同胞共享發(fā)展機(jī)遇、走得越近越親，兩岸關(guān)系的發(fā)展就會(huì)越好越實(shí)。我們都希望能夠共圓中華民族偉大復(fù)興的夢(mèng)想。
People on both sides of the Taiwan Strait are bound by kinship. We intend to introduce more preferential policies toward our compatriots in Taiwan to ensure that they will enjoy the same treatment as mainlanders when they come to work, study, live and do business on the mainland. Previously, we introduced 31 measures for promoting cross-Strait economic and cultural exchanges. These measures must be fully delivered. In this process, new measures should be introduced as well. When people on both sides of the Strait enjoy the same development opportunities and come closer to each other, the cross-Strait relationship will grow stronger and make more solid progress. We need to work hand in hand to realize our shared dream of national renewal.

《人民日?qǐng)?bào)》記者：去年以來，一些企業(yè)存在裁員的情況，有的內(nèi)外資企業(yè)開始向境外轉(zhuǎn)移。同時(shí)也有一些企業(yè)反映，他們想招一些合適的技術(shù)工人卻很難。政府將采取哪些政策措施來推動(dòng)這些問題的解決？
People’s Daily: Last year, some companies have started to trim staff. Some Chinese and foreign-invested firms have started to relocate their businesses overseas. We have also heard complaints by companies about a shortage of skilled workers. My question is: what measures will the government adopt to resolve these problems?

李克強(qiáng)：在中國現(xiàn)代化進(jìn)程中，就業(yè)會(huì)始終是一個(gè)巨大的壓力。我們每年城鎮(zhèn)需就業(yè)的新增勞動(dòng)力1500多萬，未來幾年不會(huì)減，而且還要給幾百萬新進(jìn)城農(nóng)民工提供打工的機(jī)會(huì)。今年我們確定要確保新增城鎮(zhèn)就業(yè)人數(shù)在1100萬人以上，并要力爭實(shí)現(xiàn)去年的實(shí)際規(guī)模，也就是1300萬人以上的就業(yè)。所以，我們把就業(yè)優(yōu)先的政策首次和財(cái)政政策、貨幣政策并列為宏觀政策。財(cái)政和貨幣政策不管是減稅、還是降低實(shí)際利率水平等，在很大程度上都是圍繞著就業(yè)來進(jìn)行的。有了就業(yè)，才會(huì)有收入，才會(huì)有社會(huì)財(cái)富的創(chuàng)造。
Premier Li: Indeed, in China’s modernization process, there will always be tremendous employment pressure. In recent years, on average, some 15 million new entrants entered the labor force each year, and that number will not decrease in the foreseeable future. In addition, we also need to provide job opportunities for several million rural migrant workers every year. This year we plan to create another 11 million or more new urban jobs. And in actual practice, our goal is to generate the same amount of job opportunities as we did last year, that is, over 13 million. You may have also noticed, this year for the first time, we are elevating the status of jobs-first policy to a macro policy together with our fiscal policy and monetary policy. The tax cuts under the fiscal policy as well as cutting real interest rates under the monetary policy are all designed to ensure employment in our country. When there is a job, there is income and there is increase in social wealth.

我們說保持經(jīng)濟(jì)運(yùn)行在合理區(qū)間，首先是要保就業(yè)，不讓經(jīng)濟(jì)滑出合理區(qū)間，就是不能出現(xiàn)“失業(yè)潮”。我們要多措并舉，對(duì)一些重點(diǎn)人群要繼續(xù)努力保障他們就業(yè)，像大學(xué)畢業(yè)生、復(fù)轉(zhuǎn)軍人、轉(zhuǎn)崗職工等。今年的高校畢業(yè)生又達(dá)834萬，比去年還多，創(chuàng)歷史新高。我們還要確保不出現(xiàn)零就業(yè)家庭，對(duì)那些吸納勞動(dòng)力比較多的企業(yè)要給政策優(yōu)惠支持。我們還要推動(dòng)創(chuàng)新創(chuàng)業(yè)創(chuàng)造，用好大眾創(chuàng)業(yè)、萬眾創(chuàng)新平臺(tái)，提供更多的就業(yè)崗位。就業(yè)好不好，這本身也是經(jīng)濟(jì)好不好的一個(gè)重要體現(xiàn)。
Keeping our major economic indicators within a proper range is first and foremost about ensuring employment and preventing a surge in unemployment. To do that, we will apply a combination of measures including promoting employment for key groups of people like college graduates, demobilized military personnel and laid-off workers. This year, the number of college graduates will reach another new high—8.34 million. We also need to make sure there will be no zero employment families. For those companies that hire more, the government will provide more policy support. In the meantime, we will expand the platforms to encourage business start-ups and innovation as a way to generate more jobs. The state of employment very much reflects how our economy is faring.

政府工作報(bào)告主要講了保障城鎮(zhèn)新增就業(yè)，這里我想特別強(qiáng)調(diào)一下農(nóng)民工就業(yè)。中國現(xiàn)在有2.8億多農(nóng)民工，而且每年是以百萬計(jì)的數(shù)量在增長。他們是許多產(chǎn)業(yè)行業(yè)的主力軍，農(nóng)民的收入大部分來自于打工收入。農(nóng)民工的身后可以說有無數(shù)家庭的期待。講到這里，我就想起幾年前到我國東北一個(gè)中型城市的建設(shè)樞紐工地上去考察，有一個(gè)印象至今揮之不去。在寒冷的天氣里農(nóng)民工在施工，其中有一位農(nóng)民工跟我歲數(shù)差不多大，我和他對(duì)話，他就希望一條：多加班，多掙錢。我說為什么？他說他的一個(gè)孩子考上了重點(diǎn)大學(xué)，他要掙錢使孩子安心學(xué)習(xí)，并且學(xué)習(xí)好。我從他的眼神里看到他對(duì)下一代、對(duì)未來的期待。
The government work report touched mainly upon creating new urban jobs. Here I would like to make a special mention of our rural migrant workers which are now numbered at above 280 million. And that figure is still increasing by several million each year. These rural migrant workers are a leading force in many industries and sectors of our country. Much of their earnings come from non-farming jobs, and they carry the hopes of a lot of families. One thing I can never forget is that several years ago, I was visiting the construction site of a local transportation project in a mid-sized northeastern city, where I met some rural migrant workers. It was a cold winter day, and I talked to one of the workers who was about my age on the construction site. He said to me that he wanted to work longer hours so that he could earn more money. I asked him why. He said that his child was just enrolled into a leading university and he wanted to earn more so that his child won’t have to worry about the college tuition fees and can focus on his studies. In his eyes I saw his hopes for a better future for his children.

我們中華民族幾千年生生不息，這40年來有如此巨大變化，教育的確起了巨大支撐作用。所以我們要善待農(nóng)民工，不僅要給他們提供打工的機(jī)會(huì)，而且要保障他們應(yīng)有的所得?，F(xiàn)在不時(shí)發(fā)生農(nóng)民工被欠薪的問題，我們要立法規(guī)，堅(jiān)決打擊那些惡意欠薪的行為，確保農(nóng)民工打工有機(jī)會(huì)，而且合法權(quán)益得到保障，要看到他們是無數(shù)家庭的希望。
Indeed, education has been an important underpinning force that keeps the Chinese nation going for several thousand years. That has made it possible for us to come this far in the past 40 years of reform and opening up. These rural migrant workers must be treated with kindness. And we must ensure that they will not only find jobs but also get paid for their work. There have been instances where their wages cannot be paid in full and on time. The government will formulate regulations to crack down on such malpractices to ensure that the lawful rights and interests of all rural migrant workers will be fully protected. The government must not fail the hope of all their families.

埃菲社記者：中美之間的貿(mào)易摩擦對(duì)中歐關(guān)系發(fā)展是機(jī)遇還是會(huì)帶來負(fù)面影響？如何看待今年的中歐關(guān)系？
Spanish News Agency EFE: The trade war with the United States, in case that continues, could represent an opportunity to improve the relationship between Europe and China, or will only have negative effects. And in any case, what do you expect of the relationship between Europe and China this year?

李克強(qiáng)：中美貿(mào)易摩擦是中美雙邊的事情，我們不會(huì)利用第三方，更不會(huì)去損害第三方。中國和歐盟，一個(gè)是世界上最大的發(fā)展中國家，一個(gè)是世界上最大的發(fā)達(dá)國家聯(lián)盟?？梢哉f，中歐都是世界多極化的重要一極，中歐關(guān)系的發(fā)展不僅有利于中歐，也有利于世界。
Premier Li: The China-US trade friction is an issue between China and the United States. We will not exploit any third party. We will not target or hurt the interest of any third party. For China and the EU, China is the largest developing country in the world, the EU the largest union of developed countries in the world. And both are important poles in the multi-polar world. A growing China-EU relationship serves the interests of both China and the EU and the world at large.

當(dāng)然，中歐互為最大的貿(mào)易伙伴，我們之間有合作，也有摩擦，過去和現(xiàn)在都存在。但是，我們長期以來積累了化解分歧、摩擦的經(jīng)驗(yàn)，這些經(jīng)驗(yàn)我認(rèn)為還應(yīng)該繼續(xù)沿用，其中很重要的就是中歐之間應(yīng)該增強(qiáng)互信。現(xiàn)在，我們正在推進(jìn)中歐投資談判，實(shí)際上是想讓雙向投資更加開放，這樣做讓雙方都受益，當(dāng)然是要公平地受益。我覺得雙方都應(yīng)該以開放的心態(tài)看待對(duì)方，在合作中妥善化解分歧，讓中歐關(guān)系穩(wěn)步前行。下個(gè)月，我要去歐盟總部和歐盟領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人共同舉行新一輪中歐領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人會(huì)晤。我希望通過本次會(huì)晤，雙方都從戰(zhàn)略的、長遠(yuǎn)的高度看待中歐關(guān)系，都用相互尊重、相互理解、推動(dòng)合作的心態(tài)去促進(jìn)中歐關(guān)系健康穩(wěn)定發(fā)展。
China and the EU are each other’s biggest trading partner. There has been cooperation as well as frictions in our relationship. Over the years, we have gained good experience in managing our differences and frictions and I believe such experience should continue to be applied. One very important experience is to deepen our mutual trust. The two sides are now advancing negotiations on an investment agreement. The purpose is to further facilitate the two-way flow of our investment to see that the two sides will benefit on an equal footing from this agreement. I believe that we need to view each other’s development with an open mind and continue to properly handle our differences in the course of pursuing cooperation for continued, steady growth of our relationship. Next month, I am going to visit the EU Headquarters and host the next round of China-EU Summit with the EU leaders. I hope that both sides will view this relationship from a strategic and long-term perspective, and continue to show mutual respect, deepen our mutual understanding and advance cooperation in joint pursuit of sustained, healthy growth of our ties.

中央廣播電視總臺(tái)央視記者：老百姓看病難看病貴、享受不到優(yōu)質(zhì)醫(yī)療資源的問題比較突出，尤其是那些得了大病的患者，給他們的家庭帶去很沉重的負(fù)擔(dān)。在解決這些問題上，政府還有哪些有效舉措？
China Central Television: It seems that quality medical resources are still somewhat inaccessible and quite expensive. In particular, a serious illness could cause heavy burdens on the families concerned. I would like to ask: what specific measures will the government take to tackle this problem?

李克強(qiáng)：看病確實(shí)是重要的民生問題，尤其大病是民生的痛點(diǎn)。看病貴看病難的問題，在我們國家的確存在。這幾年來，我們經(jīng)過努力，不僅建立了向全民提供基本醫(yī)療保障的制度，而且在此基礎(chǔ)上，由政府和居民共擔(dān)，購買大病保險(xiǎn)，建立了大病保險(xiǎn)的機(jī)制，這是可以緩解大病患者特別是困難群眾負(fù)擔(dān)的一個(gè)重要舉措，在世界上也應(yīng)該是一個(gè)創(chuàng)舉。
Premier Li: Accessing quality medical resources is indeed a key issue related to people’s lives. And getting treatment for serious illnesses is truly an acute concern of our people. There does exist the problem of inaccessible and quite expensive medical care in our country. I would like to say that over the years we have been able to provide basic medical care services to cover the entire population. In addition, we have established the scheme for serious illness insurance with a cost-sharing formula between the government and individuals, an important measure to mitigate the burdens on patients with serious illnesses, especially needy patients. This is a quite creative step the Chinese government has taken.

去年我們就聽到許多關(guān)于抗癌藥貴的呼聲，我們通過減稅等多種辦法，讓17種抗癌藥降價(jià)50%以上，而且納入醫(yī)保，這讓癌癥患者特別是困難群眾大大減輕了負(fù)擔(dān)。這方面的事情，我們能做的都應(yīng)該去做。
There have been complaints about the high costs of cancer drugs, so last year, through various means including tax cuts, we managed to cut the prices of 17 cancer drugs by over 50 percent and included them into medical insurance schemes. This has significantly eased the financial burdens on cancer patients and poor families. This shows that the government must do its level best in resolving people’s concerns.

今年我們還要做兩件這方面的事，并且要盡力。一是把高血壓、糖尿病等慢性病患者的門診用藥納入醫(yī)保，給予50%的報(bào)銷，這將惠及我國4億高血壓、糖尿病患者。我到基層去調(diào)研，有一些人告訴我，他們得了這類慢性病，每天都不能斷藥，負(fù)擔(dān)很重，有的把養(yǎng)老金相當(dāng)一部分用來買藥，我們要努力解決這方面的問題。二是要降低大病保險(xiǎn)的起付線，提升大病保險(xiǎn)的報(bào)銷比例?，F(xiàn)在近14億人都進(jìn)入大病保險(xiǎn)了，要讓更多的人、上千萬的人能夠直接受益，因?yàn)槲覀冞@個(gè)大病保險(xiǎn)是有倍數(shù)效應(yīng)的。要看到，我們的醫(yī)保雖然覆蓋全民，但是水平不高，尤其是農(nóng)民人均年收入不到1.5萬元，遇到大病靠自己扛是很難的。所以政府和社會(huì)要共同出力，緩解這個(gè)民生之痛。沒有健康就沒有幸福。
This year the government plans to do its utmost in taking two major steps. First, we will make the outpatient drugs for chronic diseases like high blood pressure and diabetes reimbursable, and set the reimbursement rate at 50 percent. This measure will benefit some 400 million Chinese suffering from these chronic diseases. And when I talked to some of those patients, they told me that they have to take drugs every day and a lot of their pension benefits have to be spent on these drugs. This is a problem we need to address. Second, when it comes to serious illness insurance scheme, which already covers nearly 1.4 billion people, we will lower the payout threshold and raise the reimbursement rate so that this scheme can truly produce amplifying effects to benefit as many people as possible. Although we have established a medical care safety net that covers a large population, the level of actual benefits is still not high. For example, for Chinese farmers, their average per capita annual income is less than 15,000 yuan, so it would be very hard for one to just rely on himself or herself to cover expenses for the treatment of serious illnesses. The government and private entities must work together in this respect to meet people’s health needs. Without health, there would be no happy life for our people.

新加坡亞洲新聞臺(tái)記者：今天外商投資法已經(jīng)全國人大表決通過，有的輿論表示擔(dān)心或質(zhì)疑，認(rèn)為這部法律的特別加速通過，大部分只是對(duì)美國壓力的回應(yīng)，而且部分法律條款的模糊性也給了中國政府靈活掌握的空間，降低了投資者對(duì)實(shí)際效力的期望。您對(duì)此有何回應(yīng)？中國政府將推出哪些具體、可落實(shí)的政策呢？
Channel NewsAsia of Singapore: The Foreign Investment Law has just been adopted at the NPC Session today. Yet there is also worry that the exceptional swift adoption of this piece of legislation is only in large measure a response to pressure from the United States. And the ambiguity of some legal provisions will only provide the Chinese government further wiggle room for self-discretion and lower investors’ expectations of the actual effects of enforcement. How would you respond to this? What specific measures will the government take to ensure full enforcement of the law?

李克強(qiáng)：對(duì)外開放是中國的基本國策，讓中國人民普遍受惠，也有利于世界，我們何樂而不為？開放的措施說出去了，當(dāng)然要兌現(xiàn)。去年，我們一些重大基礎(chǔ)產(chǎn)業(yè)放開外資投入的股比，有很多重大項(xiàng)目落地了。我們?nèi)ツ昀猛赓Y，仍然是世界上發(fā)展中國家中最多的。中國會(huì)繼續(xù)聽取各方面的意見，繼續(xù)保持對(duì)外開放熱土的溫度。
Premier Li: Opening-up is China’s fundamental state policy. It has delivered real benefits to the Chinese people and has benefited the world. So why won’t we go ahead with it? If we make a promise on opening-up, we will certainly deliver on it. For instance, last year, we lifted foreign ownership restrictions in some key basic industries. And we have seen the delivery of a big number of major projects in these respects. Last year, China remained the largest recipient of FDI among all developing countries. Going ahead, we will continue to carefully listen to the views from various parties and keep making China more open.

剛剛閉幕的十三屆全國人大二次會(huì)議通過了外商投資法，這個(gè)法是要用法律的手段更好地保護(hù)外商投資、吸引外商投資。這個(gè)法律也可以說是規(guī)范政府行為的，要求政府依法行政，而且政府要根據(jù)這個(gè)法律的精神出臺(tái)一系列法規(guī)、文件，保護(hù)外商權(quán)益，比如外商投資企業(yè)投訴工作機(jī)制等。這是我們下一步要做的很重要的事情，將會(huì)推出一系列有關(guān)法規(guī)和文件，讓外商投資法順利實(shí)施。
The just concluded NPC Session adopted the Foreign Investment Law. This piece of legislation is designed to better protect and attract foreign investment through legislative means. This law will also regulate government behaviors, requiring the government to perform its functions in accordance with the law. The government will introduce a series of matching regulations and directives to protect the rights and interests of foreign investors, such as on working mechanisms for handling complaints filed by foreign-invested enterprises. These will be the important things for the government to do in the following weeks and months to see that this law will be truly operable.

我們要實(shí)行準(zhǔn)入前國民待遇加負(fù)面清單制度，而且要推出新的負(fù)面清單。這個(gè)新推出的負(fù)面清單會(huì)做減法，以后還要逐步做減法，也就是說“非禁即入”的范圍會(huì)越來越大。還要加強(qiáng)對(duì)知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)的保護(hù)，將修改知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)法，對(duì)侵權(quán)行為引入懲罰性的賠償機(jī)制，發(fā)現(xiàn)一起就要處理一起，要讓侵犯知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)的行為無處可遁。當(dāng)然，我們也希望外國政府公正地看待中國企業(yè)和國外企業(yè)雙方自愿的合作?？傊?，今年對(duì)外開放的舉措我們會(huì)不斷地推、繼續(xù)地推。我多次講過，中國的開放舉措，往往不是一攬子推出來的，每年甚至每個(gè)季度都在出，但回過頭來看，積累起來就會(huì)帶來想象不到的巨大變化。
We will continue to implement a management system of pre-establishment national treatment plus a negative list. We will release a newly revised negative list which will become shorter. And going forward, we will further shorten our negative list, which means that more areas will be opened up for foreign investment. We will also enhance the protection of intellectual property. In this respect, we will make revisions to the laws on IPR protection and introduce a mechanism of punitive compensation to ensure that all infringements of intellectual property will be seriously dealt with and have nowhere to hide. We also hope that foreign governments can view in an objective light the cooperation between Chinese companies and their foreign partners based on mutual agreement. In a word, China will further open up, and China’s opening-up measures will not come on a one-off basis, but will be introduced quarter after quarter and year after year. In hindsight, when we review the course of China’s opening-up, we would realize how tremendous a change that has taken place in this country.

《光明日?qǐng)?bào)》記者：去年以來，央行幾次降準(zhǔn)，降低了金融機(jī)構(gòu)的成本，但是企業(yè)依然反映融資難融資貴，政策實(shí)惠看得見摸不著。在促進(jìn)金融服務(wù)實(shí)體經(jīng)濟(jì)方面，政府將采取哪些舉措？
Guangming Daily: Last year, the Central Bank cut required reserve ratio several times, lowering the costs of financial institutions. However, companies still feel there is difficulty in accessing affordable financing. And they have yet to feel the actual results of those policy adjustments. What measures will be adopted this year to ensure there will be better financial services for the real economy?

李克強(qiáng)：服務(wù)實(shí)體經(jīng)濟(jì)，這是金融的天職，但是我們確實(shí)面臨著實(shí)體經(jīng)濟(jì)，特別是民營經(jīng)濟(jì)、小微企業(yè)融資難融資貴的問題。去年我們采取了一系列措施，努力遏制了融資成本上升的勢(shì)頭。我們四次降準(zhǔn)，其目的還是通過降低金融機(jī)構(gòu)本身的成本，促進(jìn)這些資金流向民營經(jīng)濟(jì)和小微企業(yè)。今年我們要抓住融資難融資貴這個(gè)制約經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展、市場(chǎng)活力的“卡脖子”問題，多策并舉、多管齊下，讓小微企業(yè)融資成本在去年的基礎(chǔ)上再降低1個(gè)百分點(diǎn)。
Premier Li: Serving the real economy is the bounden duty of the financial sector. However, there does exist the problem of inaccessible and expensive financing for the real economy, in particular, private businesses and small and micro companies. Last year, we took a number of steps to curb the fast rise in the financing cost faced by our companies. The Central Bank cut required reserve ratio four times to reduce costs for financial institutions, so that more money will flow to our private companies, and small and micro companies. This year, we will take a multi-pronged approach in this respect to significantly ameliorate this problem that is seriously constraining our economic development and the vitality of our market. Our goal is to further cut the financing cost for small and micro companies by another one percentage point this year.

我們對(duì)外開放是自主的抉擇，而且我們要按照競(jìng)爭中性的原則，對(duì)所有外資企業(yè)一視同仁地對(duì)待，同樣，對(duì)中國國內(nèi)各類所有制企業(yè)都應(yīng)該一視同仁?，F(xiàn)在在貸款問題上，的確需要清除一些障礙，引導(dǎo)金融機(jī)構(gòu)改善內(nèi)部管理機(jī)制，多跑民營企業(yè)、小微企業(yè)，為他們降低融資成本、減少不合理的費(fèi)用出力。小微活，經(jīng)濟(jì)才活，就業(yè)才多。
As China takes its own initiative to further open up, we will adhere to the principle of competitive neutrality and treat both domestic and foreign-invested enterprises as equals. Likewise, we also need to treat all businesses under various types of ownership as equals. As far as lending is concerned, there do exist some problems and obstacles. We need to encourage financial institutions to enhance their internal management system and provide more services to private companies, and to small and micro firms, to lessen their financing cost and rein in arbitrary charges. When small and micro companies are vibrant, our economy will be full of life and energy. And there will be a stable employment situation.

當(dāng)然，我們也時(shí)刻注意防范金融風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。對(duì)于那些不具備生存條件的“僵尸企業(yè)”，不會(huì)給他們新的貸款，對(duì)違法違規(guī)的所謂金融行為，該制止的制止，該打擊的打擊。我們完全可以守住不發(fā)生系統(tǒng)性金融風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的底線。加強(qiáng)金融服務(wù)和防范金融風(fēng)險(xiǎn)是相輔相成的。
In the meantime, we also need to forestall financial risks. No new loans will be made to zombie companies which are no longer solvent. And so-called financial activities that are illegal and non-compliant must be stopped and seriously dealt with. We are fully capable of forestalling systemic financial risks. Strengthening financial services and preventing financial risks are mutually reinforcing.