三、中國(guó)始終堅(jiān)持平等、互利、誠(chéng)信的磋商立場(chǎng)
III. China is committed to credible consultations based on equality and mutual benefit

中國(guó)政府始終認(rèn)為，以貿(mào)易戰(zhàn)相威脅，不斷加征關(guān)稅的做法無(wú)益于經(jīng)貿(mào)問(wèn)題的解決。中美應(yīng)秉持相互尊重、平等互利的精神，本著善意和誠(chéng)信，通過(guò)磋商解決問(wèn)題，縮小分歧，擴(kuò)大共同利益，共同維護(hù)全球經(jīng)濟(jì)穩(wěn)定和發(fā)展。
The Chinese government rejects the idea that threats of a trade war and continuous tariff hikes can ever help resolve trade and economic issues. Guided by a spirit of mutual respect, equality and mutual benefit, the two countries should push forward consultations based on good faith and credibility in a bid to address issues, narrow differences, expand common interests, and jointly safeguard global economic stability and development.

（一）磋商要相互尊重、平等互利
(I) Consultations should be based on mutual respect, equality and mutual benefit

作為世界上最大的兩個(gè)經(jīng)濟(jì)體和貿(mào)易大國(guó)，中美經(jīng)貿(mào)合作中存在一些分歧是正常的，關(guān)鍵是如何增進(jìn)互信、促進(jìn)合作、管控分歧。中國(guó)從維護(hù)兩國(guó)共同利益和世界貿(mào)易秩序大局出發(fā)，堅(jiān)持通過(guò)對(duì)話協(xié)商解決問(wèn)題，以最大的耐心和誠(chéng)意回應(yīng)美國(guó)提出的關(guān)切，以求同存異的態(tài)度妥善處理分歧，克服各種困難，提出務(wù)實(shí)解決方案，為推動(dòng)雙邊經(jīng)貿(mào)磋商作出艱苦努力。磋商過(guò)程中，中國(guó)始終秉持相互尊重、平等互利的原則，致力于推動(dòng)達(dá)成雙方都能接受的協(xié)議。
It is only natural for China and the US, the two largest economies and trading nations in the world, to experience some differences over trade and economic cooperation. What truly matters is how to enhance mutual trust, promote cooperation and manage differences. For the good of the common interests of the two countries and global trade order, and in a strenuous effort to push forward the economic and trade consultations, China remains committed to resolving issues through dialogue and consultation, responding to US concerns with the greatest patience and sincerity, properly handling differences while seeking common ground, and overcoming obstacles to practical solutions. During the consultations, in accordance with the principle of mutual respect, equality and mutual benefit, China’s only intention is to reach a mutually acceptable deal.

相互尊重，就是要尊重對(duì)方社會(huì)制度、經(jīng)濟(jì)體制、發(fā)展道路和權(quán)利，尊重彼此核心利益和重大關(guān)切，不挑戰(zhàn)“底線”，不逾越“紅線”，不能以犧牲一方的發(fā)展權(quán)為代價(jià)，更不能損害一國(guó)的主權(quán)。平等互利，就是雙方磋商的地位是平等的，磋商成果是互利的，最終達(dá)成的協(xié)議是雙贏的。如果一方強(qiáng)壓另一方進(jìn)行談判，或者談判結(jié)果僅讓單方得利，這樣的談判不會(huì)取得成功。
Mutual respect means that each side should respect the other’s social institutions, economic system, development path and rights, core interests, and major concerns. It also means that one side should not cross the other’s “red lines”. The right to development cannot be sacrificed, still the less can sovereignty be undermined. As regards equality and mutual benefit, we must ensure that the two sides in the consultations operate on an equal footing, that results are mutually beneficial, and that any final agreement is a win-win one. Negotiations will get nowhere if one side tries to coerce the other or if only one party will benefit from the outcomes.

（二）磋商要相向而行、誠(chéng)信為本
(II) Consultation involves working toward the same goal in good faith

磋商需要雙方相互理解和共同努力。磋商是當(dāng)事的相關(guān)方通過(guò)討論，對(duì)面臨的問(wèn)題尋求共識(shí)或者相互妥協(xié)的過(guò)程。磋商期間的變量很多。各方從自身利益出發(fā)，在不同階段對(duì)各種變化做出不同反應(yīng)，這是磋商的常態(tài)。中國(guó)政府認(rèn)為，經(jīng)貿(mào)磋商是尋求解決問(wèn)題的有效途徑。各方只有在磋商過(guò)程中都抱著善意的態(tài)度，充分理解對(duì)方立場(chǎng)，才能為磋商獲得成功創(chuàng)造良好條件。否則，就無(wú)法形成達(dá)成長(zhǎng)期有效協(xié)議的基礎(chǔ)，難以達(dá)成可持續(xù)、可執(zhí)行的協(xié)議。
Consultation calls for mutual understanding and genuine effort from both sides. Consultation is a process where the parties concerned seek consensus or make compromise through discussion. Many factors are at play in consultation. It is perfectly normal during consultations for the parties to react differently to various changes at different stages based on their own interests. The Chinese government believes that economic and trade consultation is an effective way to solve issues. None other than engagement with goodwill and a full understanding of the other’s position can contribute to success. Otherwise, it will be hard to reach a sustainable and enforceable deal as the parties will not find the ground for a long-term and effective agreement.

誠(chéng)信是磋商的基礎(chǔ)。中國(guó)政府始終以誠(chéng)信為本，抱著極大的誠(chéng)意與美國(guó)政府進(jìn)行磋商。中國(guó)高度重視美國(guó)關(guān)切，努力尋找化解雙方分歧的有效途徑和辦法。雙方已舉行的11輪高級(jí)別經(jīng)貿(mào)磋商取得重大進(jìn)展，這些磋商成果既符合中國(guó)利益，也符合美國(guó)利益，是雙方共同努力、相向而行的結(jié)果。中國(guó)在磋商中講信用重承諾，并多次強(qiáng)調(diào)，如雙方達(dá)成協(xié)議，中國(guó)對(duì)所作的承諾一定會(huì)認(rèn)真、切實(shí)履行。
Good faith is the foundation of consultation. The Chinese government has engaged in these consultations with the US with the utmost credibility and the greatest sincerity. Attaching great importance to US concerns, China has worked hard to look for effective paths and find ways to address differences. The 11 rounds of high-level consultations have made significant progress. The outcomes of the consultations have not only served the interests of China, but also those of the US, as a result of both sides’ efforts to pull in the same direction. China has kept its word during the consultations. China has emphasized repeatedly that if a trade agreement is reached, it will honor its commitments sincerely and faithfully.

（三）中國(guó)在原則問(wèn)題上決不讓步
(III) China will not give ground on issues of principle

任何國(guó)家都有自己的原則。磋商中，一國(guó)的主權(quán)和尊嚴(yán)必須得到尊重，雙方達(dá)成的協(xié)議應(yīng)是平等互利的。對(duì)于重大原則問(wèn)題，中國(guó)決不退讓。中美雙方都應(yīng)看到并承認(rèn)國(guó)家發(fā)展的差異性、階段性，尊重對(duì)方發(fā)展道路和基本制度。既不能指望通過(guò)一個(gè)協(xié)議解決所有的問(wèn)題，也需要確保協(xié)議同時(shí)滿足雙方的需求，實(shí)現(xiàn)協(xié)議的平衡性。
Every country has its own matters of principle. During consultations, a country’s sovereignty and dignity must be respected, and any agreement reached by the two sides must be based on equality and mutual benefit. On major issues of principle, China will not back down. Both China and the US should see and recognize their countries’ differences in national development and in stage of development, and respect each other’s development path and basic institutions. While no one expects to resolve all issues through one single agreement, it is necessary to ensure that any agreement will satisfy the needs of both sides and achieve a balance.

美國(guó)近期宣布提高對(duì)華加征關(guān)稅，不利于解決雙邊經(jīng)貿(mào)問(wèn)題，中國(guó)對(duì)此強(qiáng)烈反對(duì)，不得不作出反應(yīng)，維護(hù)自身合法權(quán)益。中國(guó)的立場(chǎng)和態(tài)度是一貫的、明確的，中國(guó)希望通過(guò)對(duì)話而不是關(guān)稅措施解決問(wèn)題。為了中國(guó)人民的利益，為了美國(guó)人民的利益，為了全世界人民的利益，中國(guó)會(huì)理性對(duì)待，但是中國(guó)不會(huì)畏懼任何壓力，也做好準(zhǔn)備迎接任何挑戰(zhàn)。談，大門敞開(kāi)；打，奉陪到底。
The recent US move to increase tariffs on Chinese exports does not help to solve bilateral trade issues. China strongly opposes this and has to respond to safeguard its lawful rights and interests. China has been consistent and clear on its position, that it hopes to resolve issues through dialogue rather than tariff measures. China will act rationally in the interests of the Chinese people, the American people, and all other peoples around the world. However, China will not bow under pressure and will rise to any challenge coming its way. China is open to negotiation, but will also fight to the end if needed.

（四）任何挑戰(zhàn)都擋不住中國(guó)前進(jìn)的步伐
(IV) No challenge will hold back China’s development

中國(guó)的發(fā)展不會(huì)一帆風(fēng)順，必然會(huì)有艱難險(xiǎn)阻甚至驚濤駭浪。面對(duì)各種風(fēng)險(xiǎn)和挑戰(zhàn)，中國(guó)有信心迎難而上，化危為機(jī)，開(kāi)拓一片新天地。
China’s development may not be all smooth sailing. Difficulties or even perils are inevitable. Whatever the future might bring, China is confident of meeting challenges head on, turning risks into opportunities, and opening new chapters.

無(wú)論形勢(shì)如何發(fā)展變化，中國(guó)都堅(jiān)持做好自己的事情。通過(guò)改革開(kāi)放發(fā)展壯大自己，是應(yīng)對(duì)經(jīng)貿(mào)摩擦的根本之道。中國(guó)國(guó)內(nèi)市場(chǎng)需求巨大，供給側(cè)結(jié)構(gòu)性改革的推進(jìn)將帶來(lái)產(chǎn)品和企業(yè)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力的全面提升，財(cái)政和貨幣政策有充分空間，中國(guó)能保持經(jīng)濟(jì)持續(xù)健康發(fā)展的良好態(tài)勢(shì)，經(jīng)濟(jì)前景非常樂(lè)觀。
China remains committed to its own cause no matter how the external environment changes. The fundamental solution to economic and trade tensions is to grow stronger through reform and opening up. With the enormous demand from the domestic market, deeper supply-side structural reform will comprehensively enhance the competitiveness of Chinese products and companies. We still have sufficient room for fiscal and monetary policy maneuvers. China can maintain sound momentum for sustainable and healthy economic development, and its economic prospects are bright.

中國(guó)將繼續(xù)深化改革開(kāi)放，中國(guó)的大門不會(huì)關(guān)上，只會(huì)越開(kāi)越大。習(xí)近平主席在第二屆“一帶一路”國(guó)際合作高峰論壇開(kāi)幕式主旨演講中宣布，中國(guó)將采取一系列重大改革開(kāi)放舉措，加強(qiáng)制度性、結(jié)構(gòu)性安排，促進(jìn)更高水平對(duì)外開(kāi)放，包括更廣領(lǐng)域擴(kuò)大外資市場(chǎng)準(zhǔn)入、更大力度加強(qiáng)知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)保護(hù)國(guó)際合作、更大規(guī)模增加商品和服務(wù)進(jìn)口、更加有效實(shí)施國(guó)際宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)政策協(xié)調(diào)、更加重視對(duì)外開(kāi)放政策貫徹落實(shí)。一個(gè)更加開(kāi)放的中國(guó)，將同世界形成更加良性的互動(dòng)，帶來(lái)更加進(jìn)步和繁榮的中國(guó)和世界。
China will continue to deepen reform and opening up. China’s door will not be closed; it will only open even wider. President Xi Jinping announced in his keynote speech at the opening ceremony of the Second Belt and Road Forum for International Cooperation that China would adopt a number of major reform and opening-up measures, strengthen institutional and structural arrangements, and promote opening up at a higher level. Measures to be taken include expanding market access for foreign investment in broader areas, strengthening international cooperation on intellectual property protection, increasing imports of goods and services, implementing more effective international coordination on macro-economic policies, and putting more focus on the implementation of opening-up policies. A more open China will have more positive interactions with the world, which in turn will advance the development and prosperity of both China and the world.

結(jié)束語(yǔ)
Conclusion

合作是中美兩國(guó)唯一正確選擇，共贏才能通向更好的未來(lái)。在中美經(jīng)貿(mào)磋商總的方向上，中國(guó)不是向后看，而是向前看。雙方在經(jīng)貿(mào)領(lǐng)域的分歧和摩擦，最終需要通過(guò)對(duì)話和磋商來(lái)解決。中美達(dá)成一個(gè)互利雙贏的協(xié)議，符合中美兩國(guó)利益，順應(yīng)世界各國(guó)期待。希望美國(guó)同中國(guó)相向而行，本著相互尊重、平等互利的精神，管控經(jīng)貿(mào)分歧，加強(qiáng)經(jīng)貿(mào)合作，共同推進(jìn)以協(xié)調(diào)、合作、穩(wěn)定為基調(diào)的中美關(guān)系，增進(jìn)兩國(guó)和世界人民福祉。
Cooperation is the only correct choice for China and the US and win-win is the only path to a better future. As to where the China-US economic and trade consultations are heading, China is looking forward, not backward. Disputes and conflicts on the trade and economic front, at the end of the day, need to be solved through dialogue and consultation. Striking a mutually beneficial and win-win agreement serves the interests of China and the US and meets the expectations of the world. It is hoped that the US can pull in the same direction with China and, in a spirit of mutual respect, equality and mutual benefit, manage economic and trade differences, strengthen trade and economic cooperation, and jointly advance China-US relations based on coordination, cooperation and stability for the well-being of both nations and the world.

（注1）2018年2月，美國(guó)商會(huì)全球創(chuàng)新政策中心發(fā)布的《2018年國(guó)際知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)指數(shù)報(bào)告》稱，2018年，中國(guó)以19.08分位居50個(gè)經(jīng)濟(jì)體的第25位，較2017年上升2位，http://www.theglobalipcenter.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/02/GIPC_IP_Index_2018.pdf。

（注2）2018年1月18日，中國(guó)國(guó)家知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)局2017年主要工作統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)及有關(guān)情況新聞發(fā)布會(huì)，http://www.sipo.gov.cn/twzb/gjzscqj2017nzygztjsjjygqkxwfbk/。

（注3）美中貿(mào)易全國(guó)委員會(huì)（USCBC）網(wǎng)站：2019 State Export Report，https://www.uschina.org/reports/2019-state-export-report，2019年5月1日。

（注4）中國(guó)海關(guān)總署網(wǎng)站：http://www.customs.gov.cn/customs/302249/302274/302275/2418393/index.html，2019年5月8日。

（注5）中國(guó)海關(guān)總署網(wǎng)站：http://www.customs.gov.cn/customs/302249/302274/302275/2418393/index.html，2019年5月8日。

（注6）中國(guó)商務(wù)部數(shù)據(jù)。

（注7）中國(guó)商務(wù)部網(wǎng)站：2018年1－12月全國(guó)吸收外商直接投資快訊，http://www.mofcom.gov.cn/article/tongjiziliao/v/201901/20190102832209.shtml，2019年1月15日。

（注8）世界貿(mào)易組織（WTO）網(wǎng)站：WTO Trade forecasts：Press conference，https://www.wto.org/english/news_e/spra_e/spra255_e.htm，2019年4月2日。

（注9）美國(guó)全國(guó)零售商聯(lián)合會(huì)網(wǎng)站：NRF Warns USTR Tariffs Would Cost Americans Billions，Releases New Study on Consumer Impact，https://nrf.com/media-center/press-releases/nrf-warns-ustr-tariffs-would-cost-americans-billions-releases-new-study，2018年8月22日。

（注10）榮鼎集團(tuán)網(wǎng)站:Assessing the Costs of Tariffs on the US ICT Industry：Modeling US China Tariffs，https://rhg.com/research/assessing-the-costs-of-tariffs-on-the-us-ict-industry，2019年3月15日。

（注11）貿(mào)易伙伴網(wǎng)站：Estimated Impacts of Tariffs on the U.S. Economy and Workers（2019），https://tradepartnership.com/reports/estimated-impacts-of-tariffs-on-the-u-s-economy-and-workers-2019，2019年2月5日。

（注12）世界銀行網(wǎng)站：Global Economic Prospects，https://www.worldbank.org/en/publication/global-economic-prospects，2019年1月8日。

（注13）國(guó)際貨幣基金組織網(wǎng)站：World Economic Outlook，https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WEO/Issues/2019/03/28/world-economic-outlook-april-2019，2019年4月2日。