三、中央政府堅定支持香港特別行政區(qū)民主向前發(fā)展
III. The Central Government Is Committed to Developing Democracy in Hong Kong

香港回歸祖國后納入國家治理體系，中央政府堅決貫徹落實“一國兩制”方針和基本法，支持香港特別行政區(qū)依法有序發(fā)展民主。
Since Hong Kong’s reintegration into China’s national governance system, the central government has remained committed to the policy of One Country, Two Systems and to the Basic Law of the HKSAR, fully supporting the orderly development of democracy in Hong Kong in accordance with the law.

按照基本法原附件一和附件二的規(guī)定，香港特別行政區(qū)2002年選舉產(chǎn)生了第二任行政長官，1998年、2000年、2004年分別選舉產(chǎn)生了第一屆、第二屆、第三屆立法會，民主成分不斷增加，基本法規(guī)定的香港回歸后前十年的選舉安排得到全面落實，香港特別行政區(qū)民主得以成功實踐。
In accordance with the original Annex I and Annex II of the Basic Law, the Second-term Chief Executive of the HKSAR was elected in 2002, and the first, second and third Legislative Councils of the HKSAR were formed in 1998, 2000 and 2004. With these elections, the relevant provisions of the Basic Law for the period prior to 2007 were fully implemented, representing gradual progress in advancing democracy.

2004年4月6日，全國人大常委會通過《關(guān)于〈中華人民共和國香港特別行政區(qū)基本法〉附件一第七條和附件二第三條的解釋》（“4·6解釋”），明確2007年以后如需對香港特別行政區(qū)行政長官和立法會產(chǎn)生辦法進(jìn)行修改應(yīng)遵循的法定程序，為香港回歸十年后上述兩個產(chǎn)生辦法進(jìn)一步擴(kuò)大民主成分，直至實現(xiàn)“雙普選”，提供了操作性程序。中央政府按照這一程序為推動香港特別行政區(qū)民主向前發(fā)展作出三次重大努力。
On April 6, 2004, the NPC Standing Committee adopted the Interpretation of Article 7 of Annex I and Article III of Annex II to the Basic Law of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People’s Republic of China (April 6 Interpretation), laying out the statutory procedures that must be followed in amending the methods for selecting the Chief Executive and for forming the Legislative Council of the HKSAR (Two Methods). The April 6 Interpretation established procedures for making the Two Methods more democratic after 2007, and for eventually moving towards dual universal suffrage.
The central government has advanced the system of democracy in Hong Kong pursuant to these procedures. It has taken three significant steps.

（一）第一次努力：批準(zhǔn)對行政長官和立法會產(chǎn)生辦法作出修改
1. First Step: Giving Approval to Amend the Election Methods for the Chief Executive and the Legislative Council

根據(jù)“4·6解釋”，2004年4月15日，香港特別行政區(qū)行政長官向全國人大常委會提交關(guān)于2007年行政長官和2008年立法會產(chǎn)生辦法是否需要修改的報告，反映了多數(shù)香港居民希望增加兩個產(chǎn)生辦法民主成分的意愿，也反映了部分人要求2007年行政長官和2008年立法會全部議員由普選產(chǎn)生的聲音。
On April 15, 2004 in accordance with the April 6 Interpretation, the Chief Executive of the HKSAR submitted to the NPC Standing Committee the Report on Whether There Is a Need to Amend the Methods for Selecting the Chief Executive of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region in 2007 and for Forming the Legislative Council of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region in 2008. The report conveyed both the desire of the majority of Hong Kong people to make the Two Methods more democratic, and the views held by some people in Hong Kong that the 2007 election of the Chief Executive and the 2008 election of all Legislative Council members should be conducted by universal suffrage.

全國人大常委會經(jīng)征詢香港各界人士的意見，于2004年4月26日作出《關(guān)于香港特別行政區(qū)2007年行政長官和2008年立法會產(chǎn)生辦法有關(guān)問題的決定》（“4·26決定”）。該決定指出，香港實行民主選舉的時間不長，香港社會各界對兩個產(chǎn)生辦法如何修改又存在較大分歧。在此情況下，實現(xiàn)“雙普選”的條件還不具備。鑒此，2007年第三任行政長官和2008年第四屆立法會選舉，不實行由普選產(chǎn)生的辦法。在此前提下可按照基本法有關(guān)規(guī)定對兩個產(chǎn)生辦法作出符合循序漸進(jìn)原則的適當(dāng)修改?！?·26決定”既符合香港實際情況，又為特別行政區(qū)民主發(fā)展留下空間。這是中央政府推動香港特別行政區(qū)民主發(fā)展的第一次重大努力。
After soliciting opinions from various sectors of Hong Kong, on April 26, 2004, the NPC Standing Committee adopted the Decision on Issues Relating to the Methods for Selecting the Chief Executive of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region in the Year 2007 and for Forming the Legislative Council of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region in the Year 2008 (April 26 Decision).
In the decision it was pointed out that as democratic elections were new in Hong Kong, and as there were substantial differences of opinion in Hong Kong on how to amend the Two Methods, the conditions were not yet ripe in Hong Kong for electing the Chief Executive and Legislative Council by universal suffrage. Universal suffrage would therefore not be adopted in the election of the Third-term Chief Executive in 2007 or the election of all members of the Fourth Legislative Council in 2008. Appropriate amendments consistent with the April 26 Decision could therefore be made to the Two Methods in accordance with the relevant provisions of the Basic Law and the principle of making gradual and orderly progress.
The April 26 Decision created more scope for expanding democracy in Hong Kong. This was the first major step taken by the central government to advance the region’s system of democracy.

2005年10月19日，香港特別行政區(qū)政府根據(jù)“4·26決定”，提出了2007年行政長官及2008年立法會產(chǎn)生辦法建議方案。該方案擴(kuò)大了民主成分，得到多數(shù)居民的支持。但是，2005年12月21日，立法會中自稱“民主派”的議員在表決時對特別行政區(qū)政府提出的相關(guān)議案投下反對票，致使該方案未能在立法會獲得法定的全體議員三分之二多數(shù)通過。2007年第三任行政長官和2008年第四屆立法會只能沿用原有辦法產(chǎn)生。香港特別行政區(qū)成立十年后面臨的民主向前發(fā)展的第一次機(jī)遇就此喪失。這完全是反中亂港勢力蓄意對抗、漫天要價、竭力阻撓的結(jié)果。
Acting in accordance with the April 26 Decision, on October 19, 2005 the HKSAR government presented the Package of Proposals for the Methods for Selecting the Chief Executive in 2007 and for Forming the Legislative Council in 2008. These proposals made the Two Methods more democratic, and won the support of the majority of Hong Kong people. However, they did not secure the required two-thirds majority in the Legislative Council vote on December 21, 2005, as some self-styled “democrats” on the council voted against the package.
As a result, the first opportunity to improve democracy after 2007 was lost, and the Third-term Chief Executive was selected in 2007 and the Fourth Legislative Council was formed in 2008 in accordance with the existing methods. The responsibility for this missed opportunity lies entirely with those seeking confrontation and conflict and attempting to overturn the constitutional order and destabilize Hong Kong.

（二）第二次努力：為實現(xiàn)普選目標(biāo)定下時間表
2. Second Step: Setting a Timetable for Universal Suffrage

2007年香港特別行政區(qū)第三任行政長官產(chǎn)生后，香港社會希望盡早明確普選的時間表以及2012年第四任行政長官和第五屆立法會產(chǎn)生辦法。2007年12月12日，行政長官向全國人大常委會提交關(guān)于政制發(fā)展咨詢情況及2012年行政長官和立法會產(chǎn)生辦法是否需要修改的報告。
After the Third-term Chief Executive of the HKSAR was elected in 2007, the people of Hong Kong hoped that a timetable could be set as early as possible for universal suffrage, and that methods for electing the Fourth-term Chief Executive and for forming the Fifth Legislative Council in 2012 could be adopted.

2007年12月29日，全國人大常委會作出《關(guān)于香港特別行政區(qū)2012年行政長官和立法會產(chǎn)生辦法及有關(guān)普選問題的決定》（“12·29決定”）。根據(jù)該決定，2012年第四任行政長官的具體產(chǎn)生辦法和第五屆立法會的具體產(chǎn)生辦法可以作出適當(dāng)修改；2017年第五任行政長官的選舉可以實行由普選產(chǎn)生的辦法；在此之后，立法會的選舉可以實行全部議員由普選產(chǎn)生的辦法。全國人大常委會同意對2012年第四任行政長官和第五屆立法會的產(chǎn)生辦法作出適當(dāng)修改，特別是明確實現(xiàn)“雙普選”的時間表，把實行普選的時間節(jié)點確定在2017年這個“五十年不變”中期的前半段，充分彰顯了中央政府落實基本法關(guān)于最終達(dá)至“雙普選”目標(biāo)的誠意。這是中央政府推動香港特別行政區(qū)民主向前發(fā)展的第二次重大努力。
On December 12, 2007, the Chief Executive of the HKSAR submitted to the NPC Standing Committee the Report on the Public Consultation on Constitutional Development and on Whether There Is a Need to Amend the Methods for Selecting the Chief Executive of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region and for Forming the Legislative Council of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region in 2012.
On December 29, 2007, the NPC Standing Committee adopted the Decision on Issues Relating to the Methods for Selecting the Chief Executive of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region and for Forming the Legislative Council of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region in the Year 2012 and on Issues Relating to Universal Suffrage (December 29 Decision). This decision allowed that appropriate amendments could be made to the Two Methods for elections in 2012, the Fifth-term Chief Executive could be elected by universal suffrage in 2017, and after the election of the Chief Executive, all the members of the Legislative Council could also be elected by universal suffrage.
By making the December 29 Decision, the NPC Standing Committee gave approval to amend the Two Methods for the 2012 elections. In particular, the timetable for universal suffrage was set. The central government had pledged that its basic policies regarding Hong Kong would remain unchanged for 50 years from 1997. The timetable for universal suffrage to begin in 2017, which was early in the first half of the 50-year period, highlighted the commitment of the central government to realizing the goal of dual universal suffrage laid down in the Basic Law of the HKSAR. This was the second major step taken by the central government to advance the system of democracy in Hong Kong.

根據(jù)該決定，2010年4月14日，香港特別行政區(qū)政府公布了關(guān)于2012年行政長官及立法會產(chǎn)生辦法建議方案，并在6月7日以議案的方式提交立法會。其重點是將行政長官選舉委員會人數(shù)由800人增至1200人，立法會議席由60席增至70席。2010年6月24日及25日，立法會分別通過關(guān)于2012年行政長官和立法會產(chǎn)生辦法的修訂。2010年7月28日，行政長官同意這兩個修訂并報請全國人大常委會批準(zhǔn)和備案。2010年8月28日，全國人大常委會決定予以批準(zhǔn)和備案。2012年3月和9月，第四任行政長官和第五屆立法會按照新的辦法選舉產(chǎn)生。這次對兩個產(chǎn)生辦法的修改進(jìn)一步增加了民主成分，充分體現(xiàn)了中央政府在香港特別行政區(qū)民主發(fā)展問題上的積極態(tài)度。
On April 14, 2010, in accordance with the December 29 Decision, the HKSAR government released the Package of Proposals for the Methods for Selecting the Chief Executive and for Forming the Legislative Council in 2012 and submitted it to the Legislative Council on June 7. The main features of the package are as follows: The members of the Election Committee would increase in number from 800 to 1,200, and the number of seats in the Legislative Council would expand from 60 to 70.
On June 24-25, 2010, the Legislative Council adopted the proposals to amend the methods for electing the Chief Executive and forming the Legislative Council in 2012.
On July 28, 2010, the Chief Executive gave consent to the amendments and submitted them to the NPC Standing Committee for approval and for the record.
On August 28, 2010, the NPC Standing Committee approved the amendments and placed them on the record.
In March and September 2012, the Fourth-term Chief Executive and the Fifth Legislative Council were elected by the new methods.
The amended methods further increased democracy in the Hong Kong electoral system, fully demonstrating the goodwill and readiness of the central government to support the development of democracy in Hong Kong.

（三）第三次努力：為實現(xiàn)行政長官普選繪制路線圖
3. Third Step: Drawing Up a Roadmap for Electing the Chief Executive by Universal Suffrage

隨著2017年臨近，香港社會希望盡快明確第五任行政長官普選的具體辦法。2014年7月15日，香港特別行政區(qū)行政長官向全國人大常委會提交關(guān)于2017年行政長官及2016年立法會產(chǎn)生辦法是否需要修改的報告。
As 2017 drew near, the people of Hong Kong hoped that the method for electing the Fifth-term Chief Executive of the HKSAR by universal suffrage could be agreed as quickly as possible. On July 15, 2014, the Chief Executive of the HKSAR submitted to the NPC Standing Committee the Report on Whether There Is a Need to Amend the Methods for Selecting the Chief Executive of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region in 2017 and for Forming the Legislative Council of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region in 2016.

2014年8月31日，全國人大常委會經(jīng)廣泛征求香港各界人士的意見，作出《關(guān)于香港特別行政區(qū)行政長官普選問題和2016年立法會產(chǎn)生辦法的決定》（“8·31決定”）。該決定根據(jù)香港的實際情況和香港多數(shù)居民的意愿，重申從2017年開始行政長官選舉可以實行由普選產(chǎn)生的辦法，明確了行政長官普選制度的若干核心要素；在行政長官普選以后，立法會選舉可以實行全部議員由普選產(chǎn)生的辦法。中央政府依法履行憲制責(zé)任，為香港特別行政區(qū)擬定行政長官普選辦法指明了方向、確定了原則。這是中央政府推動香港特別行政區(qū)民主向前發(fā)展的第三次重大努力。
On August 31, 2014, after soliciting opinions from a broad sector of the Hong Kong public, the NPC Standing Committee made the Decision on Issues Relating to the Selection of the Chief Executive of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region by Universal Suffrage and on the Method for Forming the Legislative Council of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region in the Year 2016 (August 31 Decision).
In view of the realities in Hong Kong and in response to the wishes of the majority of people in Hong Kong, the NPC Standing Committee reaffirmed in the August 31 Decision that from 2017 the Chief Executive of the HKSAR would be elected by universal suffrage, and it specified the key elements of the method. It was also reaffirmed that after the election of the Chief Executive by universal suffrage, all the members of the Legislative Council of the HKSAR would likewise be elected by universal suffrage.
This decision set out the principles and guidelines for electing the Chief Executive by universal suffrage, a step taken by the central government to fulfill its constitutional responsibility. It was also the third major step taken by the central government to advance democracy in Hong Kong.

但是，香港所謂的“民主派”繼續(xù)頑固堅持對抗思維，罔顧基本法有關(guān)規(guī)定，極力攻擊“8·31決定”，拒絕接受特別行政區(qū)政府據(jù)此提出的行政長官普選方案，反而提出公然違反基本法的所謂“公民提名”方案。2014年9月28日，他們發(fā)動蓄謀已久的非法“占領(lǐng)中環(huán)”運動，持續(xù)長達(dá)79天，企圖以所謂“公民抗命”方式逼迫中央政府收回“8·31決定”，進(jìn)而實施港版“顏色革命”。在依法處置“占領(lǐng)中環(huán)”事件后，2015年6月18日，香港特別行政區(qū)政府將有關(guān)行政長官普選方案提交立法會表決。自稱“民主派”的那些議員集體投下反對票，致使2017年實行行政長官普選的目標(biāo)未能如期實現(xiàn)。2017年第五任行政長官不得不沿用上一任的選舉辦法產(chǎn)生。香港特別行政區(qū)民主發(fā)展再次遭遇挫折，仍然是反中亂港勢力逆歷史潮流而動、極力阻撓的結(jié)果。
However, clinging to a confrontational mindset and disregarding the relevant provisions of the Basic Law, the self-styled “democratic” camp in Hong Kong ferociously attacked the August 31 Decision. It rejected the method proposed by the HKSAR government on the basis of the August 31 Decision, and instead demanded “civic nomination” for the post of Chief Executive in flagrant violation of the Basic Law.
In an attempt to coerce the central government into withdrawing the August 31 Decision and incite a color revolution in Hong Kong, its followers launched the illegal Occupy Central movement on September 28, 2014, which lasted 79 days.
After taking lawful action to end the movement, on June 18, 2015 the HKSAR government submitted the motion on the method for electing the Chief Executive by universal suffrage to the Legislative Council to a vote. The “democrats” on the council again voted against the motion, blocking its passage. As a result, the goal of electing the Fifth-term Chief Executive in 2017 was not realized as envisioned, and the old method was maintained. Once again democracy in Hong Kong was held back by those seeking to overturn the constitutional order and destabilize Hong Kong.

盡管一再遇到干擾和阻撓，中央政府支持香港特別行政區(qū)民主發(fā)展的立場從未動搖，努力從未停止。香港特別行政區(qū)成立至2017年，依法舉行了四次行政長官選舉和六次立法會選舉，行政長官和立法會產(chǎn)生辦法的民主成分持續(xù)增加。香港全體永久性居民依法享有的選舉權(quán)和被選舉權(quán)得到充分保障，永久性居民中的中國公民不僅參與香港特別行政區(qū)的治理，還依法參與國家事務(wù)的管理。根據(jù)全國人大確定的名額和代表產(chǎn)生辦法，由香港特別行政區(qū)居民中的中國公民在香港選出36名香港特別行政區(qū)的全國人大代表，參加最高國家權(quán)力機(jī)關(guān)的工作。香港現(xiàn)有5600多位人士擔(dān)任各級人民政治協(xié)商會議委員，其中超過200位擔(dān)任全國政協(xié)委員。還有許多香港人士在中央和地方的機(jī)構(gòu)、團(tuán)體擔(dān)任領(lǐng)導(dǎo)或顧問等職務(wù)。中央政府還支持和協(xié)助香港專業(yè)人士和優(yōu)秀青年在國際組織任職，參與國際治理。任何不抱偏見的人都能看到，香港回歸后，全體居民的政治參與渠道和空間大大拓展，享有的民主權(quán)利前所未有，香港特別行政區(qū)民主發(fā)展取得了全方位的重大成就。
In the face of repeated interference and disruptions, the central government has never wavered in its commitment to support Hong Kong in developing democracy and has never faltered in its efforts towards this goal.
From 1997 to 2017, four elections were held for the Chief Executive and six elections for the Legislative Council, all in accordance with the law. The methods for conducting these elections have become increasingly democratic, and the lawful rights of all permanent residents in Hong Kong to vote and stand for election are fully protected.
Chinese citizens who are permanent residents of the HKSAR can participate in the governance of both Hong Kong and the country as empowered by law. For example, in accordance with the assigned number of seats and the selection method specified by the NPC, Chinese nationals who are HKSAR residents can elect 36 deputies from Hong Kong to participate in the work of the NPC, China’s highest body of state power.
More than 5,600 representatives from all walks of life in Hong Kong serve as members of the Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC) at all levels, including over 200 in the CPPCC National Committee. Many Hong Kong people work in leadership positions or serve as advisers in the central and local governments and in social organizations.
The central government has given support and assistance to professionals and outstanding young people in Hong Kong to help them work in international organizations and thus become involved in global governance.
Any rational observer can clearly see that since Hong Kong’s return to China, its people have gained much greater access to political participation and enjoy more democratic rights than ever before. Democracy in Hong Kong is flourishing.