六、香港特別行政區(qū)民主發(fā)展前景光明
VI. The Prospects Are Bright for Democracy in Hong Kong

“一國兩制”不僅是解決歷史遺留的香港問題的最佳方案，也是香港回歸后保持長期繁榮穩(wěn)定的最佳制度，并且是香港特別行政區(qū)民主發(fā)展的根本保障。經(jīng)過二十多年的探索實踐，中國共產(chǎn)黨和中國政府對在“一國兩制”下發(fā)展符合香港實際情況的民主制度，認(rèn)識更深刻，方向更明確，思路更清晰，信心更堅定，步伐更穩(wěn)健。
The policy of One Country, Two Systems is the optimal solution to problems carried over from history. It is the best policy for sustaining prosperity and stability following Hong Kong’s return, and it provides the fundamental safeguard for the development of democracy in Hong Kong. With more than 20 years of experience, the CPC and the Chinese government have gained a deeper and clearer understanding of how to develop democracy in accordance with the policy of One Country, Two Systems and in line with the realities in Hong Kong. We will continue to take more solid steps to advance democracy in the right direction with greater confidence.

（一）“一國兩制”為香港特別行政區(qū)民主發(fā)展提供了根本保障
1. The Principle of One Country, Two Systems Provides the Fundamental Guarantee for the Development of Democracy in HKSAR

中國共產(chǎn)黨是“一國兩制”方針和事業(yè)的創(chuàng)立者、領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者?！耙粐鴥芍啤弊鳛橹袊伯a(chǎn)黨和中國政府長期堅持的一項基本政策，自二十世紀(jì)八十年代以來，一直被中國共產(chǎn)黨歷次全國代表大會和重要會議所確認(rèn)，并被載入所有重要文件、文獻當(dāng)中，還被鄭重載入中國憲法，并通過香港基本法予以制度化、法律化。全國人大及其常委會就香港問題所通過的一系列決定、全國人大常委會對基本法的解釋，也都堅定不移并全面準(zhǔn)確貫徹執(zhí)行了“一國兩制”方針。
The CPC created the One Country, Two Systems policy and has guided its development ever since. Upheld by the CPC and the Chinese government as a basic long-term policy, it has been confirmed by all the CPC National Congresses and other important meetings, and written into all major documents promulgated since the 1980s. It is also enshrined in the Constitution, and codified and institutionalized through the Basic Law. It has been fully and faithfully implemented in the decisions on Hong Kong made by the NPC and its Standing Committee, and in the interpretation of the Basic Law made by the NPC Standing Committee.

2021年11月11日，中共十九屆六中全會通過的《中共中央關(guān)于黨的百年奮斗重大成就和歷史經(jīng)驗的決議》，把“一國兩制”事業(yè)作為黨百年奮斗重大成就和歷史經(jīng)驗的重要組成部分。這是中國共產(chǎn)黨關(guān)于重大歷史問題的決議首次載入港澳問題和“一國兩制”內(nèi)容。新時代推進“一國兩制”事業(yè)，必須繼續(xù)堅定不移并全面準(zhǔn)確貫徹“一國兩制”、“港人治港”、高度自治的方針，堅持和完善“一國兩制”制度體系，堅持依法治港，落實中央對香港特別行政區(qū)全面管治權(quán)，落實特別行政區(qū)維護國家安全的法律制度和執(zhí)行機制，落實“愛國者治港”原則，維護憲法和基本法確定的特別行政區(qū)憲制秩序，維護國家主權(quán)、安全、發(fā)展利益，維護特別行政區(qū)社會大局穩(wěn)定，保持香港長期繁榮穩(wěn)定。要把堅持“一國”原則和尊重“兩制”差異、維護中央對特別行政區(qū)全面管治權(quán)和保障特別行政區(qū)高度自治權(quán)、發(fā)揮祖國內(nèi)地堅強后盾作用和提高特別行政區(qū)自身競爭力有機結(jié)合起來。要毫不動搖地堅信篤行，確?！耙粐鴥芍啤狈结槻粫?、不動搖，確?！耙粐鴥芍啤睂嵺`不走樣、不變形。這為香港特別行政區(qū)民主發(fā)展提供了根本保障。
On November 11, 2021, at its Sixth Plenary Session, the 19th CPC Central Committee adopted the Resolution of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on the Major Achievements and Historical Experience of the Party over the Past Century. One Country, Two Systems is included as one of the Party’s important achievements and a major contributor to its experience. This is the first time that Hong Kong and Macao affairs, and One Country, Two Systems have been listed in such a momentous document.
To carry forward the policy of One Country, Two Systems in the new era, we must continue to abide by a set of key principles: Hong Kong governed by the people of Hong Kong, a high degree of autonomy for the region, upholding and improving the policy of One Country, Two Systems, Hong Kong governed in accordance with the law, and overall jurisdiction over Hong Kong by the central authorities. The legal systems and supporting mechanisms in the HKSAR must maintain national security, sovereignty and development interests, ensure overall social stability, and sustain lasting prosperity and stability. The principle of Hong Kong patriots governing Hong Kong must be implemented to consolidate the order established by the Constitution and the Basic Law. We should implement the policy of One Country and respect the differences of the Two Systems. We should ensure overall jurisdiction by the central authorities over Hong Kong and a high degree of autonomy in Hong Kong. The central authorities should continue to provide full support to Hong Kong, and Hong Kong, on its part, should improve its competitiveness. We should ensure that this policy will remain unchanged and that it is implemented faithfully. This is the fundamental guarantee for the development of democracy in the HKSAR.

——準(zhǔn)確把握“一國”和“兩制”的關(guān)系，堅持“一國兩制”實踐正確方向。堅持“一國”是實行“兩制”的前提和基礎(chǔ)、“兩制”從屬和派生于“一國”并統(tǒng)一在“一國”之內(nèi)的基本邏輯。國家主體實行的社會主義制度與特別行政區(qū)實行的資本主義制度并行不悖，但主次關(guān)系不能顛倒。中國共產(chǎn)黨領(lǐng)導(dǎo)是中國特色社會主義最本質(zhì)的特征，是憲法確定的國家憲制秩序的核心，是國家憲法制度的靈魂，在特別行政區(qū)必須得到切實尊重和維護。必須牢固樹立“一國”意識，堅守“一國”底線，堅定維護國家主權(quán)、安全、發(fā)展利益，堅決防范和遏制外部敵對勢力干預(yù)香港事務(wù)。任何危害國家主權(quán)安全、挑戰(zhàn)中央權(quán)力和基本法權(quán)威、利用香港對內(nèi)地進行滲透破壞的活動，都是對底線的觸碰，都是絕不能允許的?！耙粐钡拙€越牢，“兩制”空間越大。
– Gaining a full understanding of the relationship between One Country and Two Systems and faithfully applying this policy
One Country is the prerequisite and basis for the Two Systems, and the Two Systems are subordinate to and derive from One Country. The socialist system practiced on the mainland, the main body of the country, and the capitalist system in Hong Kong, run in parallel. However, the fact that the latter is subordinate to the former is not to be challenged. Leadership by the CPC is the defining feature of Chinese socialism, and it is at the core of the order established by the Constitution. As such, it must be truly respected and upheld in Hong Kong.
We must foster a strong sense of One Country as a fundamental state policy. We must safeguard China’s sovereignty, security and development interests, and take resolute action to prevent and stop external interference in the affairs of Hong Kong. Any activity that jeopardizes China’s sovereignty and security, any activity that challenges the right of the central authorities and the authority of the Basic Law, and any infiltration or sabotage directed at the mainland via Hong Kong are in violation of the One Country policy and will not be tolerated. The more we adhere to the policy of One Country, the greater the scope there will be for Two Systems.

——嚴(yán)格依照憲法和基本法辦事，堅持依法治港。必須鞏固憲法和基本法共同構(gòu)成的憲制基礎(chǔ)，維護憲法和基本法確定的特別行政區(qū)憲制秩序，把憲法和基本法作為處理特別行政區(qū)事務(wù)的最高準(zhǔn)則。鞏固基本法在特別行政區(qū)法律體系中的憲制地位，完善與基本法實施相關(guān)的法律制度和執(zhí)行機制，確?；痉ǖ母黜椧?guī)定得到落實，基本法的權(quán)威得到有效維護。
– Governing Hong Kong in strict accordance with the Constitution and the Basic Law
We must consolidate the base of the HKSAR underpinned by the Constitution and the Basic Law and uphold the order in Hong Kong decided by the Constitution and the Basic Law. These should be the overarching norms in handling the affairs of Hong Kong. We must consolidate the constitutional status of the Basic Law in Hong Kong’s legal system, improve the legal system and mechanisms for enforcing the Basic Law, and ensure all its provisions are implemented and its authority is upheld.

——正確處理中央和特別行政區(qū)的關(guān)系，堅持中央全面管治權(quán)與特別行政區(qū)高度自治權(quán)相統(tǒng)一。中央對特別行政區(qū)擁有全面管治權(quán)，特別行政區(qū)享有法定的高度自治權(quán)。特別行政區(qū)政府必須向中央政府負(fù)責(zé)，執(zhí)行中央政府依法發(fā)出的指令；在行使高度自治權(quán)的時候，必須接受中央政府的監(jiān)督和問責(zé)。不能以特別行政區(qū)享有高度自治權(quán)為由，排斥和對抗中央政府依法行使有關(guān)權(quán)力。中央政府各部門和各地方要切實尊重和保障特別行政區(qū)依法享有的高度自治權(quán)，不干預(yù)特別行政區(qū)自治范圍內(nèi)的事務(wù)。
– Properly handling the relationship between the central authorities and the HKSAR and ensuring both overall jurisdiction by the central authorities and a high degree of autonomy in Hong Kong
The central authorities have overall jurisdiction over the HKSAR, and the HKSAR enjoys a high degree of statutory autonomy. The HKSAR government is answerable to the central government and must implement the directives issued by the central government in accordance with the law. While exercising autonomy, the HKSAR government is under the supervision of the central government and is accountable to it. The HKSAR government should not exploit its high degree of autonomy to challenge or confront the exercise of relevant statutory powers by the central government. All central government departments and local governments should truly respect and uphold the statutory autonomy enjoyed by the HKSAR and not interfere in the affairs within the scope of its autonomy.

——堅持以行政長官為核心的行政主導(dǎo)體制，支持行政長官和特別行政區(qū)政府依法施政、積極作為。全力支持行政長官領(lǐng)導(dǎo)特別行政區(qū)政府依法施政，支持行政、立法、司法機關(guān)依法履職，支持特別行政區(qū)政府團結(jié)帶領(lǐng)全社會集中精力發(fā)展經(jīng)濟、切實有效改善民生、堅定不移守護法治、循序漸進推進民主、包容共濟促進和諧。支持特別行政區(qū)政府積極回應(yīng)社會發(fā)展新要求和廣大居民新期待，著力破解影響香港經(jīng)濟社會發(fā)展和長治久安的深層次矛盾和突出問題，不斷提高施政能力和管治水平，實現(xiàn)良政善治。
– Practicing the executive-led system with the Chief Executive at its core and supporting the Chief Executive and the HKSAR government in exercising law-based governance and efficiently performing their duties
We fully support the HKSAR government in exercising law-based governance under the leadership of the Chief Executive. We support the HKSAR executive, legislative and judicial branches in performing their statutory duties.
We support the HKSAR government in rallying all sectors of Hong Kong, in pursuing economic development, in taking effective steps to improve people’s wellbeing, in firmly upholding the rule of law, in making gradual and orderly progress towards greater democracy, and in building a more inclusive and harmonious society.
We support the HKSAR government in actively responding to the need to advance social development, in meeting the new expectations of the Hong Kong people, and in solving the deep-rooted and acute problems influencing Hong Kong’s economic and social development and its long-term peace and stability. We support the HKSAR government in improving its governance capacity and performance.

——促進香港融入國家發(fā)展大局，支持香港同各國各地區(qū)開展廣泛交流合作。支持香港對接國家發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略，參與、助力國家全面開放和現(xiàn)代化經(jīng)濟體系建設(shè)，參與建設(shè)粵港澳大灣區(qū)，打造共建“一帶一路”功能平臺，實現(xiàn)優(yōu)勢互補、協(xié)同發(fā)展。支持香港繼續(xù)保持單獨關(guān)稅區(qū)和自由港地位，加強與各國各地區(qū)的交流合作，鞏固和提升國際金融、航運、貿(mào)易中心和國際航空樞紐地位，強化全球離岸人民幣業(yè)務(wù)樞紐、國際資產(chǎn)管理中心及風(fēng)險管理中心功能，建設(shè)國際創(chuàng)新科技中心、亞太區(qū)國際法律及解決爭議服務(wù)中心、區(qū)域知識產(chǎn)權(quán)貿(mào)易中心以及中外文化藝術(shù)交流中心。
– Integrating Hong Kong into China’s overall development and supporting Hong Kong in extensive exchanges and cooperation with other countries and areas
We support Hong Kong in defining its development strategy within the national development strategy and in contributing to the national effort to open up and build a modern economy. We support Hong Kong in playing its part in the development of the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area, in creating a platform for the Belt and Road Initiative, and in tapping into its strengths to realize coordinated development with other parts of the country.
We support Hong Kong in continuing to be a separate customs territory and a free port, in strengthening global exchanges and cooperation, in consolidating its international status as a financial, shipping and trade center and an aviation hub, and in boosting its role as a global center for offshore Renminbi business and asset and risk management.
We support Hong Kong in building itself into an international center of innovation and technology, an international legal and dispute resolution services center in the Asia-Pacific Region, a regional center of intellectual property trade, and a center of cultural and art exchanges between China and other countries.

中國政府在提出“一國兩制”方針之初，就十分重視保護各國投資者在香港的合法利益，明確香港特別行政區(qū)可同英國和其他國家建立互利經(jīng)濟關(guān)系，英國和其他國家在香港的合法經(jīng)濟利益將得到照顧?；痉ê拖愀郾镜胤蛇M一步對此作出具體規(guī)定，對世界各國、各地區(qū)投資者在香港特別行政區(qū)的合法權(quán)益予以全面平等保護。中國政府愿意與各國共享香港國際金融經(jīng)貿(mào)平臺，分享中國改革開放帶來的紅利。
From the outset, when it adopted the policy of One Country, Two Systems, the Chinese government attached great importance to protecting the legitimate interests of foreign investors in Hong Kong. It made clear then that Hong Kong may establish mutually beneficial business ties with the UK and other countries and that due regard would be given to their legitimate economic interests in Hong Kong. More detailed provisions in this regard are laid out in the Basic Law and local laws, which give comprehensive and equal protection to the legitimate interests of investors from around the world. The Chinese government is ready to share with all other countries the gains of reform and opening up through Hong Kong, an international financial, business and trade center.

中國共產(chǎn)黨和中國政府堅守“一國兩制”的初心使命堅定不移，建設(shè)符合香港實際優(yōu)質(zhì)民主的決心也堅定不移。
The CPC and the Chinese government are committed to the principle of One Country, Two Systems, and to building a high-quality democracy conforming to the realities of Hong Kong.

（二）堅決貫徹落實“愛國者治港”原則
2. Remaining Committed to the Principle of Hong Kong Patriots Governing Hong Kong

確保“一國兩制”實踐行穩(wěn)致遠(yuǎn)，繼續(xù)推動香港民主發(fā)展，必須堅決貫徹落實“愛國者治港”原則。這是事關(guān)國家主權(quán)、安全、發(fā)展利益，事關(guān)香港長期繁榮穩(wěn)定的根本原則。愛國是從政者必須遵循的基本政治倫理。愛國者治國是世界各國的政治通例?！案廴酥胃邸本褪怯蓯蹏母廴藖碇卫硐愀?。這是“一國兩制”的應(yīng)有之義，是香港特別行政區(qū)民主實踐的本質(zhì)要求。在新的形勢下發(fā)展香港特別行政區(qū)民主，必須全面貫徹“愛國者治港”原則，確保所有治港者都是愛國者，確保反中亂港分子一個也不能進入特別行政區(qū)的治理架構(gòu)，堅決防范香港管治權(quán)被反中亂港勢力及其背后的外部敵對勢力所攫取，確保特別行政區(qū)政權(quán)安全。
To ensure that One Country, Two Systems will make steady progress, and to further the development of democracy in Hong Kong, we must remain committed to the principle that Hong Kong is governed by Hong Kong patriots. This is a principle that has a fundamental bearing on China’s national sovereignty, security and development interests, and on the sustained prosperity and stability in Hong Kong.
Loving one’s country is a basic requirement for anyone engaged in state governance. Patriots governing their country is a universal practice around the world. Hong Kong governed by the patriots of Hong Kong is essential to the One Country, Two Systems principle, and quintessential to democracy in the region. To develop democracy in Hong Kong in the new era, the region must be governed by patriots and patriots only. No instigator of disorder should be allowed into the governing body of the HKSAR, and resolute measures must be taken to guard the region’s administration against destabilizing influences and the forces behind them. The governance of the HKSAR must be secure.

愛國者的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)是客觀的、清晰的，就是尊重自己民族，誠心誠意擁護祖國恢復(fù)行使對香港的主權(quán)，不損害香港的繁榮和穩(wěn)定。在香港已經(jīng)回歸祖國、重新納入國家治理體系之后，就是要求愛國者必須真心維護國家主權(quán)、安全、發(fā)展利益，尊重和維護憲法和基本法確定的憲制秩序，維護香港的繁榮穩(wěn)定。任何香港居民，只要秉持愛國愛港立場，不從事危害國家主權(quán)、安全、發(fā)展利益和香港繁榮穩(wěn)定的活動，都可以依法參與香港的選舉和治理；只有那些危害國家主權(quán)、安全、發(fā)展利益的人，挑戰(zhàn)憲法和基本法確定的憲制秩序的人，破壞香港繁榮穩(wěn)定的人，才沒有治港者的資格。
The criteria for a patriot are objective and clear. A patriot is one who respects the Chinese nation, sincerely supports the motherland’s resumption of sovereignty over Hong Kong, and wishes in no way to impair Hong Kong’s prosperity and stability. Now that Hong Kong has returned to China and has been reincorporated into the national governance system, a patriot is required to safeguard China’s national sovereignty, security and development interests, respect and uphold the order established by the Constitution and the Basic Law, and work for prosperity and stability in Hong Kong.
Any Hong Kong residents can stand for election and participate in governing Hong Kong in accordance with the law, as long as they love the country and Hong Kong, and are not involved in activities that undermine national sovereignty, security and development interests, or jeopardize Hong Kong’s prosperity and stability. Those who take the opposite view will be disqualified from governance.

強調(diào)“愛國者治港”，不意味著不允許持不同政見或主張者存在，也不意味著壓制批評政府的聲音。香港特別行政區(qū)的民主具有充分包容不同政見和不同政治派別的空間，不存在“清一色”的問題，而是在愛國愛港旗幟下實現(xiàn)最廣泛的團結(jié)，不斷擴大團結(jié)面，增強包容性，建構(gòu)最廣泛的“一國兩制”統(tǒng)一戰(zhàn)線。
Having Hong Kong patriots govern Hong Kong does not exclude people with different political views or ideas, nor will criticism of the government be suppressed. Democracy in the HKSAR allows ample room for different opinions and political groups, and there will be a plurality of voices in the government. All those who love the country and Hong Kong should stand together to form the most extensive united front, and expand it and make it more inclusive under the One Country, Two Systems framework.

中央政府和香港特別行政區(qū)政府將不斷健全選拔和培養(yǎng)愛國愛港治理人才的長效機制，選賢任能，形成人才輩出的良好局面。
The central government and the HKSAR government will continue to improve the system for selecting and cultivating patriotic individuals for Hong Kong’s governance, promoting the upright and competent, and ensuring more patriots participate in Hong Kong’s governance.

（三）堅定走符合香港實際情況的民主發(fā)展道路
3. Developing Democracy in Line with Hong Kong’s Realities

世界上沒有放之四海而皆準(zhǔn)的民主標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，也不存在統(tǒng)一的民主模式。只有符合自身實際、能夠解決自身問題的民主才是好民主。近年來一些國家和地區(qū)出現(xiàn)的社會政治危機及種種亂象昭示人們，世界上沒有絕對完美的民主制度。不顧自身實際情況，盲目照搬其他國家和地區(qū)的民主制度，往往給本國本地區(qū)人民帶來動亂和災(zāi)難。
There is no single set of criteria for democracy and no single model of democracy that is universally acceptable. Democracy works only when it suits actual conditions and solves actual problems. The social and political crises and turbulence in some countries and regions in recent years are evidence that there is no perfect democracy anywhere in the world. Disregarding the reality of one’s own country and blindly copying the systems of others often causes chaos and brings disaster to the people.

“一國兩制”下香港特別行政區(qū)的憲制地位和實際情況決定了其政治體制的基本屬性是一種地方政治體制，因此其民主制度不應(yīng)照搬任何其他地方的模式，必須按照“一國兩制”方針和基本法，切合香港的政治、經(jīng)濟、社會、文化、歷史等條件，探索具有香港特色的民主發(fā)展道路。
The political system of the HKSAR applies locally. This is determined by the region’s constitutional status under the One Country, Two Systems framework and by its actual conditions. Therefore, the system of democracy in Hong Kong should not be a replica of some other model. Rather, a path to democracy in Hong Kong should be explored under the policy of One Country, Two Systems and the Basic Law and in keeping with its political, economic, social, cultural and historical conditions.

——堅持中央主導(dǎo)，依法循序漸進。香港特別行政區(qū)實行什么樣的民主制度，事關(guān)國家主權(quán)安全，事關(guān)中央和特別行政區(qū)的關(guān)系，事關(guān)香港的長治久安和長期繁榮穩(wěn)定，中央對此擁有主導(dǎo)權(quán)和決定權(quán)。只有堅持中央主導(dǎo)，香港民主才能健康發(fā)展。中央依法行使憲制權(quán)力，由全國人大及其常委會對香港特別行政區(qū)選舉制度作出修改完善，合憲合法、合情合理。這是香港特別行政區(qū)民主發(fā)展的正道。任何民主的發(fā)展都要循序漸進，不可能一蹴而就?！把驖u進”的“進”不應(yīng)只追求民主“量”的增加，更應(yīng)強調(diào)民主“質(zhì)”的提升。香港特別行政區(qū)民主的發(fā)展必須在中央主導(dǎo)下依法有序推進，建設(shè)優(yōu)質(zhì)民主。
– Democracy in Hong Kong should be guided by the central authorities and make steady progress in accordance with the law
The central authorities have the final say in determining the system of democracy in the HKSAR, which is a matter of national sovereignty and security, a reflection of the nature of relationship between the central authorities and the HKSAR, and one that affects the region’s long-term peace, stability and prosperity. Only under central guidance can Hong Kong expect its democracy to make healthy progress. The central authorities exercise their constitutional power by law, and the NPC and its Standing Committee revise and improve the electoral system in the HKSAR, according to a process that is fair, just, lawful and constitutional. This is the path along which democracy should progress in Hong Kong. Any system of democracy takes time to form and proceeds in stages. These stages are more than simply quantitative units; they should also be measured against quality.

——鞏固憲制秩序，維護國家安全。香港特別行政區(qū)民主發(fā)展必須鞏固憲法和基本法確定的憲制秩序，體現(xiàn)“香港特別行政區(qū)是中華人民共和國不可分離的部分”“是中華人民共和國的一個享有高度自治權(quán)的地方行政區(qū)域，直轄于中央人民政府”的憲制地位，以維護國家安全為前提。國家不安全，香港難安寧，民主也就無從談起。二十多年來香港民主發(fā)展過程中出現(xiàn)的主要問題，實質(zhì)不是要不要民主的問題，而是要不要維護“一國”原則的問題，是分裂與反分裂、顛覆與反顛覆、干預(yù)與反干預(yù)的問題。香港特別行政區(qū)民主發(fā)展必須把維護國家安全放在更加突出的位置，消除可能危害國家安全的各種隱患和風(fēng)險。
– The constitutional order must be consolidated to safeguard national security
In developing democracy in Hong Kong, it is imperative to consolidate the order established by the Constitution and the Basic Law and ensure Hong Kong’s constitutional status as stipulated in the Basic Law: “The Hong Kong Special Administrative Region is an inalienable part of the People’s Republic of China.” “The Hong Kong Special Administrative Region shall be a local administrative region of the People’s Republic of China, which shall enjoy a high degree of autonomy and come directly under the Central People’s Government.” National security is the prerequisite for peace and democracy in Hong Kong. Without national security, there would be no stability in Hong Kong, and no prospects of implementing democracy. The key issue that has emerged in the course of developing democracy in Hong Kong over the past two decades is not whether Hong Kong should pursue democracy. Rather, it is an issue of upholding the One Country principle and opposing separatism, subversion and intervention. Safeguarding national security must be a focus in developing democracy in Hong Kong, and all latent threats and risks that could undermine national security must be neutralized.

——落實行政主導(dǎo)，致力良政善治。香港特別行政區(qū)民主的發(fā)展，必須有利于落實行政主導(dǎo)，強化行政長官在特別行政區(qū)治理中的核心地位和權(quán)威，提高施政效能。在立法會要形成穩(wěn)定支持行政長官和特別行政區(qū)政府的強大力量，破解立法機關(guān)與行政機關(guān)長期對立、立法會內(nèi)部長期對抗的困局，使特別行政區(qū)政府和各界能夠集中精力發(fā)展經(jīng)濟、改善民生，不斷增強香港在激烈競爭中的優(yōu)勢。
– The executive-led system should be implemented to ensure good governance
In developing democracy in Hong Kong, it is imperative to implement the executive-led system and consolidate the Chief Executive’s core position and authority in the region’s governance. There should be strong and steady support for the Chief Executive and the HKSAR government in the Legislative Council to end the long-standing conflict between the legislature and the executive and resolve the internal strife within the Legislative Council. This will enable Hong Kong and its government to focus on economic development, improve people’s lives, and boost Hong Kong’s strengths in the face of fierce international competition.

——體現(xiàn)均衡參與，保持多元開放。“一國兩制”下香港將長期保持資本主義制度和生活方式不變。香港特別行政區(qū)民主的發(fā)展必須有利于促進資本主義經(jīng)濟發(fā)展，依法保障社會各階層、各界別、各方面的利益，形成廣泛的民意代表機制，實現(xiàn)均衡的政治參與。香港特別行政區(qū)民主的發(fā)展既要有利于香港融入國家發(fā)展大局，也要有利于香港保持高度對外開放的特色，繼續(xù)成為所有以香港為家的中外居民安居樂業(yè)的共同家園，成為各國企業(yè)家投資興業(yè)的沃土。
– There should be balanced participation in governance, and Hong Kong should remain open and pluralistic
Under the One Country, Two Systems framework, Hong Kong will maintain its capitalist economic model and way of life for a long period of time. Development of democracy in Hong Kong must be conducive to economic development under capitalism, and the interests of all social groups, sectors and stakeholders should be protected by law. A broadly based mechanism of public representation should be formed to advance balanced political participation. Development of democracy in Hong Kong should help the region to integrate into the broader framework of national development, and keep it highly open, as the common home of both Chinese and foreign residents who work and live here, and a destination of opportunity for entrepreneurs and investors from around the world.

——堅持法治原則，保障自由人權(quán)。香港特別行政區(qū)民主的發(fā)展必須堅持法治原則，在憲法和基本法的軌道上推動民主的發(fā)展完善。任何偏離憲法、基本法和全國人大及其常委會有關(guān)決定的主張和做法，都違反法治原則，損害法治權(quán)威。香港特別行政區(qū)民主的發(fā)展還應(yīng)當(dāng)充分維護憲法和基本法保障的香港居民的各項權(quán)利和自由，有利于香港居民依法行使各項權(quán)利，享有各種自由，包括選舉權(quán)和被選舉權(quán)，言論、新聞、出版的自由，結(jié)社、集會、游行、示威的自由，組織和參加工會、罷工的權(quán)利和自由等。
– The rule of law will be upheld to protect personal rights and freedoms
In developing and improving democracy in Hong Kong, it is imperative to follow the rule of law in accordance with the Constitution and the Basic Law. Any proposition or act that is incompatible with the Constitution, the Basic Law, and the relevant decisions of the NPC and its Standing Committee goes against the principle of rule of law and undermines its authority. Development of democracy in Hong Kong should protect the people’s rights and freedoms provided for in the Constitution and the Basic Law, and it should ensure that they enjoy these rights and freedoms and exercise them. These include freedom of speech, the press and publication, freedom of association, assembly, procession and demonstration, the right to vote and stand for election, and the right and freedom to organize and join trade unions and strikes.

——豐富民主形式，提升民主質(zhì)量。民主形式豐富多樣，民主制度并非選舉一途。不能把民主簡單等同于選舉，把選舉簡單等同于直接選舉，把民主進步簡單等同于增加直選議席，而要看有關(guān)安排有沒有擴大民意代表性，能不能反映廣大居民的根本利益和共同意愿。香港特別行政區(qū)民主的發(fā)展，不僅要完善、優(yōu)化相關(guān)選舉制度，還應(yīng)當(dāng)積極探索協(xié)商、咨詢、聽證、對話等多種民主形式，開拓更多民主渠道，重在提升民主質(zhì)量，追求實質(zhì)民主。
– Democracy should be promoted in many forms
Democracy comes in many forms. It cannot be reduced to the simplistic question of whether there are elections, and elections themselves cannot be defined exclusively as direct elections. Nor can progress in democracy be defined only as more representation from direct elections. What matters is whether public representation is expanding and whether the fundamental interests and the common will of the people are faithfully represented. For democracy to develop in Hong Kong, measures should be taken to improve the electoral system, and more forms of democracy – consultation, inquiry, hearing and dialogue – should be tested, to open up more channels for democracy of quality and substance.

——推動經(jīng)濟發(fā)展，增進港人福祉。民主與經(jīng)濟社會發(fā)展要相互促進，良性互動。判斷任何民主優(yōu)劣成敗的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，歸根結(jié)底要看全體民眾從中是真正受益還是受損。只有能夠不斷增進民眾福祉的民主才是好民主。損害經(jīng)濟民生的民主不是好民主。中央政府堅定不移推動香港特別行政區(qū)民主發(fā)展的根本目的，就是為了通過建構(gòu)、實踐符合香港實際的民主制度，更好地促進香港經(jīng)濟高質(zhì)量發(fā)展，不斷改善民生，增進港人福祉，切實解決香港居民急難愁盼的問題和深層次矛盾，讓經(jīng)濟社會發(fā)展的成果更加公平地惠及全體香港居民，保持香港作為國際金融、航運、貿(mào)易等中心的地位，從而確保香港長期繁榮穩(wěn)定，確保香港在中華民族偉大復(fù)興進程中不僅不掉隊，而且增光添彩，發(fā)揮更大作用。香港經(jīng)濟社會的高質(zhì)量發(fā)展，也必然為民主的進一步優(yōu)化提升提供堅實的物質(zhì)保障。
– The economy will be boosted for the greater benefit of the people of Hong Kong
Democracy should progress side by side with the economy and society. The main criterion for evaluating any form of democracy should always be whether it allows the whole of the population to prosper. Only those models that continue to improve overall wellbeing are good; those that undermine the economy and the lives of the people are not. The central government is determined to promote the development of democracy in the HKSAR in line with the region’s realities, in ways that will help generate high-quality economic growth and improve quality of life. It is intended that this will also be a practical means of addressing the most troublesome and long-standing problems that beset Hong Kong society, so that economic and social progress will benefit every local resident in a fairer way, and that Hong Kong will maintain its status as an international financial, shipping and trade center. This will ensure lasting prosperity and stability in Hong Kong, enabling it to play a more prominent part in national rejuvenation. Quality economic and social development in Hong Kong will also prepare the region for further democratic progress.

中央政府將繼續(xù)按照憲法、基本法和全國人大及其常委會有關(guān)決定，不斷發(fā)展和完善符合香港實際情況的民主制度，并與香港社會各階層、各界別、各方面人士一道，為最終實現(xiàn)行政長官和全部立法會議員由普選產(chǎn)生的目標(biāo)而共同努力?！耙粐鴥芍啤敝?，香港特別行政區(qū)民主發(fā)展前景光明，民主道路必將越走越寬廣。
The central government will continue to develop and improve democracy in Hong Kong in line with its realities and in accordance with the Constitution, the Basic Law, and the relevant decisions of the NPC and its Standing Committee. It will work with all social groups, sectors and stakeholders towards the ultimate goal of election by universal suffrage of the Chief Executive and all members of the Legislative Council. Under the framework of One Country, Two Systems, the prospects are bright for democracy in Hong Kong.

結(jié)束語
Conclusion

民主是中國人民矢志不渝的追求。中國共產(chǎn)黨一直高舉人民民主的旗幟并為之不懈奮斗。一百年來，中國共產(chǎn)黨領(lǐng)導(dǎo)中國人民經(jīng)過長期斗爭和艱辛探索，走出了一條中國式民主道路，占世界約五分之一人口的十四億多中國人民在自己的國家實現(xiàn)了當(dāng)家作主，中國人民享有廣泛充分、真實具體、有效管用的民主，過上美好生活。中國共產(chǎn)黨堅持人民至上、立黨為公、執(zhí)政為民，實現(xiàn)黨的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)、人民當(dāng)家作主、依法治國的有機統(tǒng)一，健全完善人民當(dāng)家作主制度體系，不斷發(fā)展全過程人民民主。這為“一國兩制”下香港特別行政區(qū)的民主發(fā)展提供了有力依托。
The people of China have always yearned for democracy, and the CPC has always stayed true to the mission of delivering their dream. Over the past century, the CPC has led the Chinese people on a long and arduous journey to establish a model of democracy with Chinese characteristics, and it has enabled 1.4 billion Chinese, one fifth of world population, to run their own country with extensive and substantive democratic rights. Their satisfaction with the results proves that this effort has borne fruit.
The CPC puts the people first, serves the public good, and exercises power in the interests of the people. It ensures that the Party exercises leadership, the people run their country, and governance is based in law. Through systemic and institutional improvements, it has championed whole-process people’s democracy in China, and this has laid the groundwork for developing democracy in Hong Kong under the framework of One Country, Two Systems.

作為中國共產(chǎn)黨和中國政府的偉大創(chuàng)舉，“一國兩制”在香港的實踐已經(jīng)取得巨大成功，顯現(xiàn)出強大生命力和制度韌性。中國共產(chǎn)黨和中國政府有信心、有智慧、有能力，既把實行社會主義制度的內(nèi)地管理好、建設(shè)好，也把實行資本主義制度的香港管理好、建設(shè)好，并把符合香港特別行政區(qū)實際情況的民主建設(shè)好、發(fā)展好。
The policy is a creative innovation of the CPC and the Chinese government. Robust and resilient, it has proved to be a great success in Hong Kong. With their political vision, the CPC and the Chinese government are certain of the long-term success of the socialist system on the mainland. They are equally certain of the long-term success of both the capitalist system in Hong Kong and a form of democracy suited to its realities.

香港特別行政區(qū)正迎來撥亂反正、由治及興的新階段。隨著香港國安法的實施和選舉制度的完善，“愛國者治港”的局面將更加穩(wěn)固，香港的法治和營商環(huán)境將更加優(yōu)良，社會氛圍將更加和諧，長期困擾香港的各類深層次矛盾和問題將更有條件得到有效解決。一個政治民主、法治健全、自由開放、包容和諧、繁榮穩(wěn)定、胸懷祖國、面向世界的香港必將更好地呈現(xiàn)在世人面前，“一國兩制”在香港的實踐必將取得更大的成功，香港這顆璀璨的明珠必將綻放更加絢麗奪目的光彩！
Hong Kong is entering a new stage of restored order, a thriving society, and further prosperity. With the Hong Kong National Security Law coming into force, and with improvements to the electoral system, governance by patriots will be further strengthened, the rule of law and the business environment will continue to improve, and Hong Kong will become a more harmonious society. This will create the conditions required to effectively resolve long-standing and deep-seated problems in the region.
Rooted in the motherland, and buttressed by democracy and the rule of law, a free and inclusive Hong Kong will continue to prosper, to enjoy enduring stability and harmony, and to open itself to the world. The policy of One Country, Two Systems will be a resounding success story in Hong Kong, and this dynamic region will continue to prosper.

（注1）十二條基本方針政策包括：1.中國政府決定于1997年7月1日對香港地區(qū)恢復(fù)行使主權(quán)。2.恢復(fù)行使主權(quán)后，根據(jù)憲法第三十一條規(guī)定，在香港設(shè)立特別行政區(qū)，直轄于中央人民政府，享有高度自治權(quán)。3.特別行政區(qū)享有立法權(quán)，有獨立的司法權(quán)和終審權(quán)?，F(xiàn)行的法律、法令、條例基本不變。4.特別行政區(qū)政府由當(dāng)?shù)厝私M成。主要官員在當(dāng)?shù)赝ㄟ^選舉或協(xié)商產(chǎn)生，由中央人民政府委任。原香港政府各部門的公務(wù)、警務(wù)人員可予以留任。特別行政區(qū)各機構(gòu)也可聘請英國及其他外籍人士擔(dān)任顧問。5.現(xiàn)行的社會、經(jīng)濟制度不變，生活方式不變。保障言論、出版、集會、結(jié)社、旅行、遷徙、通信自由和宗教自由。私人財產(chǎn)、企業(yè)所有權(quán)、合法繼承權(quán)以及外來投資均受法律保護。6.香港特別行政區(qū)仍為自由港和獨立關(guān)稅地區(qū)。7.保持金融中心地位，繼續(xù)開放外匯、黃金、證券、期貨等市場，資金進出自由，港幣照常流通，自由兌換。8.特別行政區(qū)財政保持獨立。9.特別行政區(qū)可同英國建立互惠經(jīng)濟關(guān)系。英國在香港的經(jīng)濟利益將得到照顧。10.特別行政區(qū)以“中國香港”的名義，單獨地同世界各國、各地區(qū)以及有關(guān)國際組織保持和發(fā)展經(jīng)濟、文化關(guān)系，簽訂協(xié)議。特別行政區(qū)政府可自行簽發(fā)出入香港的旅行證件。11.特別行政區(qū)的社會治安由特別行政區(qū)政府負(fù)責(zé)。12.上述方針政策，由全國人民代表大會以香港特別行政區(qū)基本法規(guī)定之，50年不變。

（注2）“攬炒”是粵語詞匯，香港撲克游戲術(shù)語，意為“我要抱著你一起死”，比“同歸于盡”“玉石俱焚”更嚴(yán)重?！罢鏀埑词角笔怯煞粗衼y港分子炮制出的一個系列行動計劃，旨在利用香港特別行政區(qū)選舉規(guī)則的漏洞獲得立法會多數(shù)議席和主導(dǎo)權(quán)，再通過無差別否決包括政府財政預(yù)算案在內(nèi)的所有政府議案、法案等步驟，癱瘓?zhí)貏e行政區(qū)政府運作，逼迫全國人大常委會宣布香港進入緊急狀態(tài)，出重手化解憲制危機，進而招致西方國家介入，對中國共產(chǎn)黨和中國政府進行政治及經(jīng)濟制裁，以此實現(xiàn)顛覆國家政權(quán)的目的。

（注3）拉布（filibuster），特指立法機關(guān)議事時議員通過冗長辯論、無限制演講等各種方式拉長辯論時間，阻止議案、法案通過的現(xiàn)象。常見于西方議會中的少數(shù)派政黨議員，為達(dá)到特定目的以進行馬拉松式演說等方式，拖延時間、癱瘓議程、阻撓投票，最終迫使執(zhí)政黨或多數(shù)派議員作出妥協(xié)讓步。自2010年起，香港立法會一些議員惡意濫用《議事規(guī)則》，通過毫無意義的反復(fù)點名、發(fā)言及糾纏程序問題等方式，阻礙立法會正常議事和運作，致使許多重要的經(jīng)濟民生法案被拖垮，嚴(yán)重妨礙特區(qū)政府有效施政，被香港社會稱為“費力把事拖”（“拉布”英文單詞的中文諧音）。

（注4）2018年4月24日，香港特別行政區(qū)立法會在審議《廣深港高鐵（一地兩檢）條例草案》時，一位反中亂港議員公然搶奪政府女高級行政主任（EO）的手機和文件，之后更是逃跑到男廁所內(nèi)閱讀、下載及傳送手機內(nèi)的政府文件到自己郵箱。2019年5月27日，香港東區(qū)裁判法院裁定該議員的行為構(gòu)成普通襲擊、阻礙公職人員執(zhí)行公務(wù)及不誠實取用電腦三罪。

（注5）2019年10月16日，香港特別行政區(qū)行政長官到立法會宣讀施政報告，反中亂港議員通過強光燈照射、用投影儀向主席臺投射反動口號標(biāo)語、站在議事桌上竭力喊叫等方式進行阻撓。行政長官只宣讀了半分鐘，就因數(shù)次被打斷，場面幾近失控而被迫中斷離場，不得不第一次采用視頻方式宣讀年度施政報告。