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[ 2007-10-31 09:50]     字號 [] [] []  
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VIII. Accelerating Social Development with the Focus on Improving People's Livelihood

Social development is closely related to the people's well-being. More importance must therefore be attached to social development on the basis of economic growth to ensure and improve people's livelihood, carry out social restructuring, expand public services, improve social management and promote social equity and justice. We must do our best to ensure that all our people enjoy their rights to education, employment, medical and old-age care, and housing, so as to build a harmonious society.

1. Give priority to education and turn China into a country rich in human resources. Education is the cornerstone of national rejuvenation, and equal access to education provides an important underpinning for social equity. We must implement the Party's educational policy to the letter, focus on educating students with top priority given to cultivating their moral integrity, improve their overall quality, modernize the educational system, and train socialist builders and successors who have all-round attainments in moral, intellectual, physical and aesthetic education. All this is designed to run education to the satisfaction of the people. We will optimize the educational structure, promote balanced development of compulsory education, move faster toward universal access to senior secondary education, vigorously develop vocational education, and improve the quality of higher education. We will also attach importance to pre-school education and care about special education. We will update our views on education and deepen reform in curricula, modes of instruction, the systems of examination and enrollment, and the system for evaluating educational quality. We will ease the study load of primary and secondary school students and improve their overall quality. We will continue to run education on a nonprofit basis, increase government spending on education, regulate the collection of education-related fees, support the development of education in poverty-stricken and ethnic autonomous areas, improve the system of financial aid to students, and ensure that children from poor families and of rural migrant workers in cities enjoy equal access to compulsory education as other children. We will build up the ranks of teachers, with the emphasis on improving the quality of teachers in rural areas. We will encourage and regulate educational programs run by nongovernmental sectors. Distance learning and continuing education will be promoted to make ours a society in which every citizen is committed to learning and pursues lifelong learning.

2. Implement a development strategy that promotes job creation and encourage entrepreneurship to create more employment opportunities. Employment is vital to people's livelihood. We will continue to follow a proactive employment policy, strengthen government guidance,improve the market mechanism for employment, create more jobs and improve the employment structure. We will improve policies to encourage people to start businesses or find jobs on their own and promote a healthy attitude toward employment so that more people in the labor force will launch their own businesses. We will improve vocational education and training for the labor force and intensify pre-employment training for surplus labor transferred from rural areas. We will establish a unified, standardized labor market and a mechanism that ensures equal employment opportunities for both urban and rural residents. We will improve employment assistance to the needy and make it a priority to help zero-employment families to have job opportunities. We will do our best to help college graduates find jobs. We will regulate and coordinate labor relations, improve and implement government policies concerning rural migrant workers in cities, and protect the rights and interests of every worker in accordance with the law.

3. Deepen reform of the income distribution system and increase the income of urban and rural residents. Equitable income distribution is an important indication of social equity. We will adhere to and improve the system whereby distribution according to work remains the predominant mode and coexists with various other modes. We will improve the distribution system to allow factors of production such as labor, capital, technology and managerial expertise to have a rightful share according to their respective contribution. A proper balance will be struck between efficiency and equity in both primary distribution and redistribution, with particular emphasis on equity in redistribution. We will gradually increase the share of personal income in the distribution of national income, and raise that of work remuneration in primary distribution. Vigorous efforts will be made to raise the income of low-income groups, gradually increase poverty-alleviation aid and the minimum wage, and set up a mechanism of regular pay increases for enterprise employees anda mechanism for guaranteeing payment of their salaries. Conditions will be created to enable more citizens to have property income. We will protect lawful incomes, regulate excessively high incomes and ban illegal gains. We will increase transfer payments, intensify the regulation of incomes through taxation, break business monopolies, create equal opportunities, and overhaul income distribution practices with a view to gradually reversing the growing income disparity.

4. Accelerate the establishment of a social security system covering both urban and rural residents and guarantee their basic living conditions. Social security is an important guarantee of social stability. We will step up the building of a sound social security system that is based on social insurance, assistance and welfare, with basic old-age pension, basic medical care and subsistence allowances as its backbone, and supplemented by charity and commercial insurance. We will promote reform of basic old-age insurance systems in enterprises, Party and government organs and public institutions and explore ways to set up an old-age insurance system in rural areas. We will promote the development of basic medical insurance systems for urban workers and residents and a new type of cooperative medical care system in rural areas. We will improve the system of subsistence allowances for both urban and rural residents and gradually increase such allowances. We will improve the systems of unemployment, workers' compensation and maternity insurances. We will upgrade management of social security funds to higher-level authorities and work out unified methods fortransferring social security accounts nationwide. We will provide more social security funds through various means and strengthen their oversight and management to maintain and increase their value. We will improve social assistance. We will do a good job providing special assistance to families of martyrs and servicemen and helping demobilized military personnel return to civilian life. We will promote programs for the disabled in a humanitarian spirit. We will develop more programs for the elderly. We will intensify our efforts in disaster prevention and reduction. We will improve the low-rent housing system and speed up resolution of the housing difficulties of low-income families in urban areas.

5. Establish a basic medical and health care system and improve the health of the whole nation. Health provides the foundation for people's all-round development and has a direct bearing on the happiness of each family. We must maintain the public welfare nature of public medical and health care services, always put disease prevention first, center on rural areas and attach equal importance to traditional Chinese medicine and Western medicine. We will separate government administration from medical institutions, management from operation, medical care from pharmaceuticals, and for-profit from nonprofit operations. We will increase government responsibilities and spending, improve the national health policy, and encourage greater participation of nongovernmental sectors so as to develop systems of public health services, medical services, medical security and medicine supply to provide both urban and rural residents with safe, effective, convenient and affordable medical and health services. We will improve the system to prevent and control the outbreak of major diseases and enhance our capacity to respond to public health emergencies. We will improve the three-tier rural health care network spanning the county, township and village and the urban community-based health care system, and deepen reform of public hospitals. We will set up a national system for basic pharmaceuticals to ensure their supply. We will support the development of traditional Chinese medicine and the folk medicines of ethnic minorities. We will work harder to improve the professional ethics and style of work of health workers and the quality of medical services. We must ensure food and drug safety. We will adhere to the basic state policy of family planning, keep the birthrate low and make the newborns healthier. We will launch patriotic sanitation campaigns and develop health care programs for women and children.

6. Improve social management and safeguard social stability and unity. Social stability is the common aspiration of the people and an important prerequisite for reform and development. We need to improve the structure of social management comprising Party committee leadership, government responsibility, nongovernmental support and public participation, and improve the system of social management at the primary level. We will stimulate the creativity of society to the greatest extent, maximize factors conducive to harmony and minimize those detrimental to it. We will properly handle contradictions among the people, improve the system for handling complaints in the form of letters and visits from the public, and strengthen the mechanism for safeguarding the rights and interests of the people in which the Party and the government play the leading role. We will attach importance to the development and management of social organizations. We will improve services for and management of the floating population. We must ensure safe development by strengthening management and oversight of work safety and taking effective measures to prevent serious or exceptionally serious accidents. We will improve the mechanism of emergency management. We will improvethe crime prevention and control system, maintain law and order through comprehensive measures, launch intensive campaigns to ensure public security, reform and step up community policing in both urban and rural areas, and prevent and crack down on crime in accordance with the law to protect people's lives and property. We will improve the strategy and mechanism for national security, and keep high vigilance against and resolutely forestall separatist, infiltrative and subversive activities in various forms to safeguard national security.

It requires joint efforts of the whole society to build a harmonious society. We must therefore rely firmly on the people and mobilize all positive factors to create a lively situation in which everyone is duty-bound to work for and benefits from social harmony.




 

 八、加快推進以改善民生為重點的社會建設(shè)

社會建設(shè)與人民幸福安康息息相關(guān)。必須在經(jīng)濟發(fā)展的基礎(chǔ)上,更加注重社會建設(shè),著力保障和改善民生,推進社會體制改革,擴大公共服務,完善社會管理,促進社會公平正義,努力使全體人民學有所教、勞有所得、病有所醫(yī)、老有所養(yǎng)、住有所居,推動建設(shè)和諧社會。

 

(一)優(yōu)先發(fā)展教育,建設(shè)人力資源強國。教育是民族振興的基石,教育公平是社會公平的重要基礎(chǔ)。要全面貫徹黨的教育方針,堅持育人為本、德育為先,實施素質(zhì)教育,提高教育現(xiàn)代化水平,培養(yǎng)德智體美全面發(fā)展的社會主義建設(shè)者和接班人,辦好人民滿意的教育。優(yōu)化教育結(jié)構(gòu),促進義務教育均衡發(fā)展,加快普及高中階段教育,大力發(fā)展職業(yè)教育,提高高等教育質(zhì)量。重視學前教育,關(guān)心特殊教育。更新教育觀念,深化教學內(nèi)容方式、考試招生制度、質(zhì)量評價制度等改革,減輕中小學生課業(yè)負擔,提高學生綜合素質(zhì)。堅持教育公益性質(zhì),加大財政對教育投入,規(guī)范教育收費,扶持貧困地區(qū)、民族地區(qū)教育,健全學生資助制度,保障經(jīng)濟困難家庭、進城務工人員子女平等接受義務教育。加強教師隊伍建設(shè),重點提高農(nóng)村教師素質(zhì)。鼓勵和規(guī)范社會力量興辦教育。發(fā)展遠程教育和繼續(xù)教育,建設(shè)全民學習、終身學習的學習型社會。

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

(二)實施擴大就業(yè)的發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略,促進以創(chuàng)業(yè)帶動就業(yè)。就業(yè)是民生之本。要堅持實施積極的就業(yè)政策,加強政府引導,完善市場就業(yè)機制,擴大就業(yè)規(guī)模,改善就業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)。完善支持自主創(chuàng)業(yè)、自謀職業(yè)政策,加強就業(yè)觀念教育,使更多勞動者成為創(chuàng)業(yè)者。健全面向全體勞動者的職業(yè)教育培訓制度,加強農(nóng)村富余勞動力轉(zhuǎn)移就業(yè)培訓。建立統(tǒng)一規(guī)范的人力資源市場,形成城鄉(xiāng)勞動者平等就業(yè)的制度。完善面向所有困難群眾的就業(yè)援助制度,及時幫助零就業(yè)家庭解決就業(yè)困難。積極做好高校畢業(yè)生就業(yè)工作。規(guī)范和協(xié)調(diào)勞動關(guān)系,完善和落實國家對農(nóng)民工的政策,依法維護勞動者權(quán)益。

 

 

 

 

 

(三)深化收入分配制度改革,增加城鄉(xiāng)居民收入。合理的收入分配制度是社會公平的重要體現(xiàn)。要堅持和完善按勞分配為主體、多種分配方式并存的分配制度,健全勞動、資本、技術(shù)、管理等生產(chǎn)要素按貢獻參與分配的制度,初次分配和再分配都要處理好效率和公平的關(guān)系,再分配更加注重公平。逐步提高居民收入在國民收入分配中的比重,提高勞動報酬在初次分配中的比重。著力提高低收入者收入,逐步提高扶貧標準最低工資標準,建立企業(yè)職工工資正常增長機制支付保障機制。創(chuàng)造條件讓更多群眾擁有財產(chǎn)性收入。保護合法收入,調(diào)節(jié)過高收入,取締非法收入。擴大轉(zhuǎn)移支付,強化稅收調(diào)節(jié),打破經(jīng)營壟斷,創(chuàng)造機會公平,整頓分配秩序,逐步扭轉(zhuǎn)收入分配差距擴大趨勢。

 

 

 

 

 

 

(四)加快建立覆蓋城鄉(xiāng)居民的社會保障體系,保障人民基本生活。社會保障是社會安定的重要保證。要以社會保險、社會救助、社會福利為基礎(chǔ),以基本養(yǎng)老、基本醫(yī)療、最低生活保障制度為重點,以慈善事業(yè)、商業(yè)保險為補充,加快完善社會保障體系。促進企業(yè)、機關(guān)、事業(yè)單位基本養(yǎng)老保險制度改革,探索建立農(nóng)村養(yǎng)老保險制度。全面推進城鎮(zhèn)職工基本醫(yī)療保險、城鎮(zhèn)居民基本醫(yī)療保險、新型農(nóng)村合作醫(yī)療制度建設(shè)。完善城鄉(xiāng)居民最低生活保障制度,逐步提高保障水平。完善失業(yè)、工傷、生育保險制度。提高統(tǒng)籌層次,制定全國統(tǒng)一的社會保險關(guān)系轉(zhuǎn)續(xù)辦法采取多種方式充實社會保障基金,加強基金監(jiān)管,實現(xiàn)保值增值。健全社會救助體系。做好優(yōu)撫安置工作。發(fā)揚人道主義精神,發(fā)展殘疾人事業(yè)。加強老齡工作。強化防災減災工作。健全廉租住房制度,加快解決城市低收入家庭住房困難。

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

(五)建立基本醫(yī)療衛(wèi)生制度,提高全民健康水平。健康是人全面發(fā)展的基礎(chǔ),關(guān)系千家萬戶幸福。要堅持公共醫(yī)療衛(wèi)生的公益性質(zhì),堅持預防為主、以農(nóng)村為重點、中西醫(yī)并重,實行政事分開、管辦分開、醫(yī)藥分開、營利性和非營利性分開,強化政府責任和投入,完善國民健康政策,鼓勵社會參與,建設(shè)覆蓋城鄉(xiāng)居民的公共衛(wèi)生服務體系、醫(yī)療服務體系、醫(yī)療保障體系、藥品供應保障體系,為群眾提供安全、有效、方便、價廉的醫(yī)療衛(wèi)生服務。完善重大疾病防控體系,提高突發(fā)公共衛(wèi)生事件應急處置能力。加強農(nóng)村三級衛(wèi)生服務網(wǎng)絡(luò)和城市社區(qū)衛(wèi)生服務體系建設(shè),深化公立醫(yī)院改革。建立國家基本藥物制度,保證群眾基本用藥。扶持中醫(yī)藥和民族醫(yī)藥事業(yè)發(fā)展。加強醫(yī)德醫(yī)風建設(shè),提高醫(yī)療服務質(zhì)量。確保食品藥品安全。堅持計劃生育的基本國策,穩(wěn)定低生育水平,提高出生人口素質(zhì)。開展愛國衛(wèi)生運動,發(fā)展婦幼衛(wèi)生事業(yè)。

 

 

 

 

 

 

(六)完善社會管理,維護社會安定團結(jié)。社會穩(wěn)定是人民群眾的共同心愿,是改革發(fā)展的重要前提。要健全黨委領(lǐng)導、政府負責、社會協(xié)同、公眾參與的社會管理格局,健全基層社會管理體制。最大限度激發(fā)社會創(chuàng)造活力,最大限度增加和諧因素,最大限度減少不和諧因素。妥善處理人民內(nèi)部矛盾,完善信訪制度,健全黨和政府主導的維護群眾權(quán)益機制。重視社會組織建設(shè)和管理。加強流動人口服務和管理。堅持安全發(fā)展,強化安全生產(chǎn)管理和監(jiān)督,有效遏制重特大安全事故。完善突發(fā)事件應急管理機制。健全社會治安防控體系,加強社會治安綜合治理,深入開展平安創(chuàng)建活動,改革和加強城鄉(xiāng)社區(qū)警務工作,依法防范和打擊違法犯罪活動,保障人民生命財產(chǎn)安全。完善國家安全戰(zhàn)略,健全國家安全體制,高度警惕和堅決防范各種分裂、滲透、顛覆活動,切實維護國家安全。

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

和諧社會要靠全社會共同建設(shè)。我們要緊緊依靠人民,調(diào)動一切積極因素,努力形成社會和諧人人有責、和諧社會人人共享的生動局面。

 
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