中國網(wǎng)站品牌欄目（頻道）
各位代表！
Fellow Deputies,
過去五年的成就和進步，來之不易。這是在改革開放多年來奠定的基礎(chǔ)上取得的，是以胡錦濤同志為總書記的黨中央駕馭全局、正確領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的結(jié)果，是全國各族人民奮發(fā)進取、共同努力的結(jié)果，也是與廣大海外僑胞、國際友人的支持和幫助分不開的。在戰(zhàn)勝種種嚴(yán)重困難和挑戰(zhàn)、完成各項重大任務(wù)中，充分表現(xiàn)了中國人民不畏艱險、一往無前的決心、勇氣和意志。我代表國務(wù)院，向全國各族人民，向各民主黨派、各人民團體和各界人士，表示誠摯的感謝！向香港特別行政區(qū)同胞、澳門特別行政區(qū)同胞和臺灣同胞，以及廣大僑胞，表示誠摯的感謝！向世界各國政府、國際組織和國際友人對中國現(xiàn)代化事業(yè)的理解和支持，表示誠摯的感謝！
The achievements of the past five years have not come easily. They were built on a foundation laid through many years of reform and opening up, and are attributable to the correct leadership of the Party Central Committee with Comrade Hu Jintao as General Secretary, which has effectively managed the overall situation. Credit also goes to the hard work and concerted effort of the people of all the ethnic groups in China, and to the support and assistance of overseas Chinese nationals and foreign friends. Displaying indomitable determination, courage and will, the Chinese people have overcome untold difficulties and challenges and accomplished major tasks. On behalf of the State Council, I would like to sincerely thank the people of all the ethnic groups, the democratic parties, the people's organizations and people from all sectors of society. I would like to express my sincere thanks to our compatriots in Hong Kong and Macao special administrative regions and in Taiwan, as well as overseas Chinese nationals. I would like to thank governments of other countries, international organizations and foreign friends of China around the world for their understanding of and support for China's modernization.
二、2008年主要任務(wù)
II. Major Tasks for 2008
今年是全面貫徹黨的十七大精神的第一年，改革發(fā)展任務(wù)繁重而艱巨，做好政府工作意義重大。
This is the first year for comprehensively implementing the guiding principles set out at the Seventeenth CPC National Congress. We face arduous tasks in reform and development, and it is very important for us to successfully carry out the work of the government.
政府工作的基本思路和主要任務(wù)是：高舉中國特色社會主義偉大旗幟，以鄧小平理論和“三個代表”重要思想為指導(dǎo)，深入貫徹落實科學(xué)發(fā)展觀，更加重視加強和改善宏觀調(diào)控，更加重視推進改革開放和自主創(chuàng)新，更加重視調(diào)整經(jīng)濟結(jié)構(gòu)和提高發(fā)展質(zhì)量，更加重視節(jié)約資源和保護環(huán)境，更加重視改善民生和促進社會和諧，推進社會主義經(jīng)濟建設(shè)、政治建設(shè)、文化建設(shè)、社會建設(shè)，加快全面建設(shè)小康社會進程。
The basic guidelines and major tasks for the government's work are as follows: we must hold high the great banner of socialism with Chinese characteristics; take Deng Xiaoping Theory and the important thought of Three Represents as our guide; fully apply the Scientific Outlook on Development; attach greater importance to improving macroeconomic regulation, promoting reform, opening up and independent innovation, adjusting the economic structure and improving the quality of development, conserving resources and protecting the environment, and improving people's lives and promoting social harmony; promote socialist economic, political, cultural and social development; and accelerate the process of building a moderately prosperous society in all respects.
今年國民經(jīng)濟和社會發(fā)展的預(yù)期目標(biāo)是：在優(yōu)化結(jié)構(gòu)、提高效益、降低消耗、保護環(huán)境的基礎(chǔ)上，國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值增長8%左右；居民消費價格總水平漲幅控制在4.8%左右；城鎮(zhèn)新增就業(yè)1000萬人，城鎮(zhèn)登記失業(yè)率控制在4.5%左右；國際收支狀況有所改善。
We have set the following targets for economic and social development in 2008: on the basis of improving the economic structure, productivity, energy efficiency and environmental protection, the GDP should grow by about 8%, and the rise in the CPI should be held at around 4.8%. Ten million jobs should be created in urban areas, and the rate of registered urban unemployment should be kept at around 4.5%. Some improvement should be made in the balance of payments.
這里要著重說明，提出國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值增長8%左右，主要是綜合考慮了國內(nèi)和國際多種因素，著眼于保持經(jīng)濟平穩(wěn)較快發(fā)展，引導(dǎo)各方面把主要精力和工作重點放在轉(zhuǎn)變發(fā)展方式、深化改革、加快社會建設(shè)上，防止片面追求和盲目攀比經(jīng)濟增長速度，實現(xiàn)經(jīng)濟社會又好又快發(fā)展。提出居民消費價格總水平漲幅控制在4.8%左右，主要是由于去年價格上漲對今年價格的翹尾影響較大，推動價格上漲的因素較多，控制物價上漲的難度加大；同時，又要考慮到居民、企業(yè)和社會各方面承受能力，努力避免物價漲幅過大。
It is important to note here that in setting the GDP growth target at around 8% for 2008, we have taken into account a variety of domestic and international factors. Our goal is to maintain both steady and fast economic growth, and guide all sectors of society to concentrate on changing the pattern of development, deepening reform and accelerating social development. The different regions should not just seek faster growth or compete with each other to have the highest growth rate. We should promote both sound and fast economic and social development. The major considerations in setting the target for keeping the CPI this year at around 4.8% are as follows: last year's price increases are still exerting a fairly strong influence and quite a few factors are creating inflationary pressure, making it difficult to bring price increases under control. At the same time, we have to take into consideration the ability of individuals, enterprises and all sectors of society to tolerate price increases and try our best to avoid sharp price increases.
實現(xiàn)經(jīng)濟社會發(fā)展的目標(biāo)和任務(wù)，需要把握以下原則：堅持穩(wěn)中求進，促進經(jīng)濟平穩(wěn)較快發(fā)展；堅持好字優(yōu)先，加快轉(zhuǎn)變經(jīng)濟發(fā)展方式；堅持改革開放，注重推進制度建設(shè)和創(chuàng)新；堅持以人為本，加快以改善民生為重點的社會建設(shè)。今年經(jīng)濟工作，要把防止經(jīng)濟增長由偏快轉(zhuǎn)為過熱、防止價格由結(jié)構(gòu)性上漲演變?yōu)槊黠@通貨膨脹作為宏觀調(diào)控的首要任務(wù)；鑒于當(dāng)前國內(nèi)外經(jīng)濟形勢發(fā)展的不確定因素較多，要密切跟蹤分析新情況新問題，審時度勢，從實際出發(fā)，及時靈活地采取相應(yīng)對策，正確把握宏觀調(diào)控的節(jié)奏、重點和力度，保持經(jīng)濟平穩(wěn)較快發(fā)展，避免出現(xiàn)大的起落。
To attain the targets and accomplish the tasks for this year's economic and social development, we must adhere to the following principles: we must make progress while maintaining stability and aim for fast yet steady economic development. We must give priority to the quality rather than speed of development and accelerate improvement in the pattern of economic development. We must pursue reform and opening up and attach great importance to promoting institutional improvements and innovations. We must put people first and accelerate social development, with the focus on improving people's lives. The primary task for macroeconomic regulation this year is to prevent fast economic growth from becoming overheated growth and keep structural price increases from turning into significant inflation. There are quite a few uncertainties in the current economic situation at home and abroad, so we need to keep close track of new developments and problems, properly size up situations and take prompt and flexible measures to respond to them while keeping our feet firmly rooted in reality. We need to maintain the appropriate pace, focus and intensity of macroeconomic regulation to sustain steady and fast economic development and avoid drastic fluctuations in the economy.
今年要著重抓好以下九個方面工作：
We need to concentrate on the following nine tasks this year:
（一）搞好宏觀調(diào)控，保持經(jīng)濟平穩(wěn)較快發(fā)展
1. Improving macroeconomic regulation to maintain fast yet steady economic development.
根據(jù)國內(nèi)外經(jīng)濟形勢和宏觀調(diào)控任務(wù)的要求，今年要實行穩(wěn)健的財政政策和從緊的貨幣政策。
In view of the current domestic and international economic situation we need to follow a prudent fiscal policy and a tight monetary policy this year to accomplish the tasks for macroeconomic regulation.
繼續(xù)實行穩(wěn)健的財政政策，就是要保持財政政策的連續(xù)性和穩(wěn)定性，充分發(fā)揮財政促進結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整和協(xié)調(diào)發(fā)展的重要作用，增加對薄弱環(huán)節(jié)、改善民生、深化改革等方面的支出；同時，進一步減少財政赤字和長期建設(shè)國債。今年，中央財政赤字預(yù)算擬安排1800億元，比去年預(yù)算赤字減少650億元；擬安排國債投資300億元，比去年減少200億元；增加中央預(yù)算內(nèi)經(jīng)常性建設(shè)投資，中央建設(shè)投資總計為1521億元。繼續(xù)調(diào)整財政支出和政府投資結(jié)構(gòu)，較大幅度地增加“三農(nóng)”、社會保障、醫(yī)療衛(wèi)生、教育、文化、節(jié)能減排和廉租住房建設(shè)等方面支出。要抓好增收節(jié)支，依法加強稅收征管，規(guī)范非稅收入管理，控制一般性支出。改革政府投資管理方式，提高投資使用效益。
Continuing to follow a prudent fiscal policy means that we must ensure the continuity and consistency of fiscal policy, get public finance to fully play its important role in promoting structural adjustment and balanced development, and increase expenditures to shore up weak links, improve people's lives and deepen reform. In addition, we need to further reduce the budget deficit and the volume of long-term development treasury bonds. The deficit for the central government budget this year is set at 180 billion yuan, 65 billion yuan less than last year. We plan to issue 30 billion yuan of treasury bonds for investment, 20 billion yuan less than last year, and increase allocations from the central government budget for general development, bringing total central government investment in development projects up to 152.1 billion yuan. We will continue to adjust the structure of government spending and investment by greatly increasing spending on agriculture, rural areas and farmers, the social safety net, medical and health care, education, culture, energy conservation and emissions reduction, and construction of low-rent housing. We will work hard to increase revenue and reduce expenditures, tighten tax collection and management in accordance with the law, improve management of non-tax revenue, and control regular expenditures. We need to reform the management of government investment to improve the performance of investments.
合理安排財政超收收入。去年全國財政比年度預(yù)算超收7239億元，其中中央財政超收4168億元。超預(yù)算收入使用的原則是：集中財力辦關(guān)系民生和制度性建設(shè)方面的事，調(diào)整結(jié)構(gòu)，加強薄弱環(huán)節(jié)。依法增加地方兩稅返還和一般性轉(zhuǎn)移支付的支出；增加農(nóng)林水、教育、文化和科技方面支出；增加社會保障、醫(yī)療衛(wèi)生、司法保障和廉租住房建設(shè)支出；增加節(jié)能減排和環(huán)境保護支出；解決農(nóng)村義務(wù)教育債務(wù)和國有糧食企業(yè)財務(wù)掛賬等歷史遺留問題支出。同時，削減財政赤字450億元；擬增加中央預(yù)算穩(wěn)定調(diào)節(jié)基金1032億元。
Government revenue surplus must be used wisely. Total government revenue exceeded the targeted figure by more than 723.9 billion yuan last year, including 416.8 billion yuan in the central government budget. Surplus revenue should be concentrated on solving problems that have a direct bearing on people's lives, making institutional and structural improvements and strengthening weak links. Spending on the following items will be increased in accordance with the law: rebates on the consumption tax and value-added tax and general transfer payments to local governments; agriculture, forestry, water conservancy projects, education, culture, science, the social safety net, medical and health care, legal aid, construction of low-rent housing, energy conservation, emissions reduction and environmental protection; and resolution of debts for rural compulsory education, debts of state-owned grain enterprises and other long-overdue payments. In addition, the budget deficit should be reduced by 45 billion yuan and the central budget stability and regulation fund should be increased by 103.2 billion yuan.
實行從緊的貨幣政策，主要是考慮當(dāng)前固定資產(chǎn)投資反彈壓力較大，貨幣信貸投放仍然偏多，流動性過剩矛盾尚未緩解，價格上漲壓力明顯，需要加強金融調(diào)控，控制貨幣供應(yīng)量和信貸過快增長。一要綜合運用公開市場操作、存款準(zhǔn)備金率等方式，加大對沖流動性力度；合理發(fā)揮利率杠桿調(diào)節(jié)作用；完善人民幣匯率形成機制，增強匯率彈性。二要著力優(yōu)化信貸結(jié)構(gòu)，嚴(yán)格執(zhí)行貸款條件，有保有壓?？刂浦虚L期貸款增長，特別是對高耗能、高排放企業(yè)和產(chǎn)能過剩行業(yè)的貸款；創(chuàng)新和改進銀行信貸服務(wù)，完善擔(dān)保、貼息等制度，加大對“三農(nóng)”、服務(wù)業(yè)、中小企業(yè)、自主創(chuàng)新、節(jié)能環(huán)保、區(qū)域協(xié)調(diào)發(fā)展等方面的貸款支持。三要深化外匯管理體制改革。完善結(jié)售匯制度，加強跨境資本流動監(jiān)管，穩(wěn)步推進資本項目可兌換。拓展外匯儲備使用渠道和方式。同時，采取綜合措施，努力改善國際收支狀況。
The decision to follow a tight monetary policy was based on the following considerations: the strong possibility of a resurgence in fixed asset investment, continued excessive supplies of money and credit, the still-unsolved problem of excess liquidity, and considerable inflationary pressure. For these reasons, we must improve financial regulation to control the excessively rapid growth in the supplies of money and credit.
First, we will step up efforts to curb excess liquidity by using a combination of open market operations and the required deposit reserve ratio. We will make appropriate use of the lever of interest rates. We will improve the RMB exchange rate regime to make the exchange rate more flexible.
Second, with the focus on improving the credit structure, we will strictly follow requirements for granting loans and guarantee some loans while restricting others. We will limit the increase in long- and medium-term loans, particularly to enterprises that are energy intensive or highly polluting and enterprises in industries with excess production capacity. We will make innovations and improvements in bank credit services, improve the systems of guarantees and interest discounts, and increase credit support for agriculture, rural areas, farmers, service industries, small and medium-sized enterprises, independent innovation, energy conservation, environmental protection, and balancing regional development.
Third, we will deepen reform of the foreign exchange administration system. We will improve the system for foreign exchange settlements and sales and payments in foreign exchange, tighten oversight on the flow of capital across borders, and move steadily toward making the RMB convertible for capital accounts. We will develop new channels and means for using foreign exchange reserves. Comprehensive measures will be adopted to improve the balance of payments.
防止價格總水平過快上漲，是今年宏觀調(diào)控的重大任務(wù)。必須從增加有效供給和抑制不合理需求兩方面采取有力措施。一要大力發(fā)展生產(chǎn)，特別要加強糧食、食用植物油、肉類等基本生活必需品和其他緊缺商品生產(chǎn)，認(rèn)真落實支持發(fā)展生產(chǎn)的政策措施，搞好產(chǎn)運銷銜接。二要嚴(yán)格控制工業(yè)用糧和糧食出口。堅決制止玉米深加工能力盲目擴張，違規(guī)在建項目必須停建。三要加快健全儲備體系，改進和完善儲備調(diào)節(jié)和進出口調(diào)節(jié)方式，適當(dāng)增加國內(nèi)緊缺重要消費品進口。四要把握好政府調(diào)價的時機和力度，必須調(diào)整的資源性產(chǎn)品價格和公共服務(wù)收費也要從嚴(yán)控制，防止出現(xiàn)輪番漲價。五要健全大宗農(nóng)產(chǎn)品、初級產(chǎn)品供求和價格變動的監(jiān)測預(yù)警制度，做好市場供應(yīng)和價格應(yīng)急預(yù)案。六要加強市場和價格監(jiān)管，抓好教育收費、醫(yī)藥價格、農(nóng)資價格及涉農(nóng)收費的監(jiān)督檢查。依法打擊串通漲價、囤積居奇、哄抬物價等違法違規(guī)行為。七要及時完善和落實對低收入群眾的補助辦法，特別要增加對生活困難群眾和家庭經(jīng)濟困難學(xué)生的補貼，確保他們基本生活水平不因物價上漲而下降。八要遏制生產(chǎn)資料尤其是農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)資料價格過快上漲。九要堅持實行“米袋子”省長負(fù)責(zé)制和“菜籃子”市長負(fù)責(zé)制。物價問題與人民生活密切相關(guān)，各級政府一定要把穩(wěn)定市場物價放在更加重要的位置?，F(xiàn)在，國家糧食庫存充裕，主要工業(yè)消費品供大于求，只要切實加強領(lǐng)導(dǎo)，認(rèn)真落實各項政策措施，上下共同努力，就一定能夠保證市場供應(yīng)和價格基本穩(wěn)定。
One major task for macroeconomic regulation this year is to prevent the overall price level from rising rapidly. To fulfill this task, we must take powerful measures to increase effective supply while curbing excessive demand.
First, we must expand production, especially the production of the basic necessities of life such as grain, vegetable oil and meat as well as other commodities in short supply. We must also earnestly implement policies and measures designed to support production and ensure coordination in the production, transport and sale of products.
Second, we must strictly control industrial use of grain and grain exports. The reckless expansion of the capacity for intensive corn processing and construction work on such projects that violate regulations must be stopped.
Third, we need to speed up improvement of the reserve system, improve methods for adjusting reserves and import and export volumes, and appropriately increase imports of major consumer goods that are in short supply on the domestic market.
Fourth, we need to ensure that the timing and the size of government adjustments to prices are appropriate, and necessary adjustment of prices of resource products and public services should also be strictly controlled to prevent waves of price increases.
Fifth, we need to improve the early-warning system to monitor supply and demand and price changes of principal agricultural products and primary products, and put in place a plan for responding to drastic changes in market supply and demand and prices.
Sixth, we must strengthen market and price oversight and pay close attention to the oversight and inspection of prices and charges related to education, medical care, drugs, agricultural supplies, agriculture, rural areas and farmers. Illegal activities such as colluding or hoarding to drive up prices will be punished in accordance with the law.
Seventh, we need to promptly improve and implement measures to aid the low-income sector of the population. In particular, we need to increase subsidies to poor people and students from poor families to ensure that their basic living standards do not drop because of price increases.
Eighth, we must work to make sure that the prices of the means of production, particularly agricultural supplies, do not rise rapidly.
Ninth, we will continue to implement the system of provincial governors assuming responsibility for the "rice bag" (grain supply) program and city mayors for the "vegetable basket" (non-staple food supply) program.
Governments at all levels must give high priority to keeping prices stable because price stability has a direct bearing on the quality of people's lives. The country currently has an adequate stock of grain, and the supply of major manufactured consumer goods exceeds demand. We can ensure adequate supply in the market and basic price stability as long as governments at all levels work to improve their leadership, diligently implement all policies and measures, and mount a concerted effort from the highest to the lowest level.
近期發(fā)生的嚴(yán)重低溫雨雪冰凍災(zāi)害，給經(jīng)濟造成重大損失，給群眾生活帶來很大困難。要繼續(xù)做好災(zāi)后重建工作，把災(zāi)害損失減少到最低程度。要以電網(wǎng)恢復(fù)重建為重點抓緊修復(fù)基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施，盡快恢復(fù)農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)，加強煤電油運協(xié)調(diào)工作，妥善安排受災(zāi)地區(qū)群眾生活。同時，要從這次特大自然災(zāi)害中，認(rèn)真總結(jié)經(jīng)驗教訓(xùn)。加強電力、交通、通信等基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)，提高抗災(zāi)和保障能力；加強應(yīng)急體系和機制建設(shè)，提高預(yù)防和處置突發(fā)事件能力；加強對現(xiàn)代條件下自然災(zāi)害特點和規(guī)律的研究，提高防災(zāi)減災(zāi)能力。
The recent disaster resulting from snow and ice storms caused significant losses to China's economy and made life very difficult for disaster victims. We will continue the work of repairing the damage and minimizing losses from the disaster. Affected infrastructure will be promptly repaired, with the focus on restoring power grids. Agricultural production will be resumed as soon as possible. We will closely coordinate supplies of coal, electricity, petroleum and transportation to help disaster victims get back on their feet. In addition, we will learn from this large-scale natural disaster. We must accelerate development of infrastructure, including electricity, transportation and communications, to improve its capacity to resist disasters and maintain normal operations. We must improve the systems and mechanisms for responding to disasters to increase our ability to prevent and handle emergencies. We must step up research to better understand the features and patterns of natural disasters under modern conditions and improve our ability to prevent and mitigate them.
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