中國網(wǎng)站品牌欄目（頻道）
二)加強(qiáng)農(nóng)業(yè)基礎(chǔ)建設(shè)，促進(jìn)農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展和農(nóng)民增收
2. Strengthening agriculture as the foundation of the economy, promoting development of agriculture and increasing farmer incomes.
今年，要千方百計爭取農(nóng)業(yè)有個好收成，努力增加農(nóng)民收入，推進(jìn)社會主義新農(nóng)村建設(shè)。突出抓好三件事We will do everything possible to ensure a good harvest this year and work to increase farmer incomes and build a new socialist countryside. We will concentrate on the following three areas:
一是大力發(fā)展糧食生產(chǎn)，保障農(nóng)產(chǎn)品供給。糧食安全，關(guān)系經(jīng)濟(jì)社會發(fā)展全局，關(guān)系人民群眾切身利益，絲毫不能放松糧食生產(chǎn)。要切實穩(wěn)定糧食種植面積，提高單產(chǎn)水平。加大對糧食主產(chǎn)區(qū)和種糧農(nóng)民的扶持力度，實施糧食戰(zhàn)略工程，加快建立糧食核心產(chǎn)區(qū)，全面提高糧食綜合生產(chǎn)能力和供給保障能力。農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)既要增加總量，又要優(yōu)化品種結(jié)構(gòu)，促進(jìn)各類重要農(nóng)產(chǎn)品穩(wěn)定增長。認(rèn)真落實支持生豬、奶業(yè)、油料發(fā)展的政策措施。積極發(fā)展畜牧水產(chǎn)業(yè)，扶持和促進(jìn)規(guī)?；】叼B(yǎng)殖。推進(jìn)農(nóng)業(yè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化生產(chǎn)，提高農(nóng)產(chǎn)品的質(zhì)量安全水平。
First, we will vigorously develop grain production and ensure the supply of agricultural products. Grain security has an overall bearing on economic and social development and affects the vital interests of the people, so we must always pay close attention to grain production. We must effectively keep the area sown to grain crops stable and increase the yield per unit area. We will increase support for major grain-producing areas and grain farmers, carry out the grain strategy project and speed up efforts to establish core grain-producing areas to enhance the overall grain production capacity and become more able to ensure adequate supplies. While working to increase agricultural output, we also need to improve the structure of grain varieties grown and promote a constant increase in the production of important agricultural products. We will conscientiously implement policies and measures to boost pig production, dairy farming and oilseed production. We will energetically develop animal husbandry and aquaculture and support and promote their large-scale development as well as healthy farming practices. We will promote standardization of agricultural production to improve the quality and safety of agricultural products.
二是加強(qiáng)農(nóng)業(yè)基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)，加快完成大中型和重點小型病險水庫除險加固任務(wù)。搞好小型農(nóng)田水利建設(shè)，大力發(fā)展節(jié)水灌溉。加大土地開發(fā)整理復(fù)墾力度，搞好中低產(chǎn)田改造，提高耕地質(zhì)量，建設(shè)一批高標(biāo)準(zhǔn)農(nóng)田。加強(qiáng)農(nóng)村飲水、道路、電網(wǎng)、通信、文化等基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)，大力發(fā)展農(nóng)村公共交通，改善農(nóng)村人居環(huán)境。今年要再解決3200萬農(nóng)村人口的安全飲水問題，增加500萬農(nóng)村沼氣用戶，支持建設(shè)一批大中型沼氣項目。
Second, we will intensify development of the agricultural infrastructure. We will speed up efforts to reinforce large and medium-sized reservoirs and dilapidated key small reservoirs. We will improve irrigated areas, build small water conservancy facilities and work hard to develop water-efficient irrigation. We will increase efforts to develop, improve and reclaim land, upgrade low- and medium-yield farmland, improve the productivity of farmland and develop farm plots that meet high standards. We will step up rural infrastructure development in drinking water supplies, roads, power grids, telecommunications and cultural facilities, vigorously develop rural public transportation systems and improve the rural living environment. We will provide safe drinking water for another 32 million rural residents and support the building of a number of large and medium-sized methane facilities to serve an additional five million rural families.
三是拓寬農(nóng)民增收渠道。加快發(fā)展高產(chǎn)優(yōu)質(zhì)高效生態(tài)安全農(nóng)業(yè)，支持農(nóng)業(yè)產(chǎn)業(yè)化經(jīng)營和龍頭企業(yè)發(fā)展，加強(qiáng)農(nóng)村現(xiàn)代市場流通體系建設(shè)，壯大和提升農(nóng)村二三產(chǎn)業(yè)，發(fā)展鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)企業(yè)，增強(qiáng)縣域經(jīng)濟(jì)實力。加強(qiáng)農(nóng)村職業(yè)教育和技能培訓(xùn)，提高農(nóng)民轉(zhuǎn)移就業(yè)能力，發(fā)展勞務(wù)經(jīng)濟(jì)。加大扶貧開發(fā)力度，繼續(xù)減少貧困人口?！?/p>
Third, we will develop more channels to increase rural incomes. We will accelerate the development of high-yield, high-quality, high-efficiency, eco-friendly and safe agriculture and support the development of industrialized agricultural operations and pacesetting enterprises. We will increase efforts to build a modern marketing and retail distribution network for rural areas, strengthen and upgrade rural secondary and tertiary industries, develop township and village enterprises and strengthen county economies. We will step up vocational education and technical training in rural areas to make it easier for rural residents to find nonagricultural employment, and develop the labor economy. We will intensify poverty alleviation efforts through development and continue to reduce the number of poor people.
主要措施是
The major measures we are going to take are as follows:
一要大力增加投入。今年財政支農(nóng)投入的增量要明顯高于上年，國家固定資產(chǎn)投資用于農(nóng)村的增量要明顯高于上年，政府土地出讓收入用于農(nóng)村建設(shè)的增量要明顯高于上年。調(diào)整耕地占用稅的使用方向，改革城市建設(shè)維護(hù)稅使用辦法，增加農(nóng)村建設(shè)投入。今年中央財政安排“三農(nóng)”支出5625億元，比上年增加1307億元。
First, we will greatly increase funding. This year's increases in budgetary support for agriculture, rural areas and farmers, state fixed asset investment in the countryside and the proportion of government land transfer income used for rural development will all be considerably higher than last year's increases. We will adjust the way tax revenues from the use of farmland for nonagricultural purposes are used and reform methods for using urban construction and maintenance tax receipts to increase funding for rural development. Allocations from this year's central government budget related to agriculture, rural areas and farmers total 562.5 billion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 130.7 billion yuan.
二要強(qiáng)化和完善農(nóng)業(yè)支持政策。增加糧食直補(bǔ)，農(nóng)資綜合直補(bǔ)。擴(kuò)大良種補(bǔ)貼規(guī)模和范圍增加農(nóng)機(jī)具購置補(bǔ)貼種類，提高補(bǔ)貼標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，從今年起農(nóng)機(jī)具購置補(bǔ)貼覆蓋到所有農(nóng)業(yè)縣。根據(jù)情況提高糧食最低收購價?！ ?/p>
Second, we will strengthen agricultural support policies. We will increase direct subsidies for grain producers and general direct subsidies for purchasing agricultural supplies. We will expand both the size and scope of subsidies for using superior seed varieties. We will subsidize the purchase of more kinds of agricultural machinery and tools and raise such subsidies. Starting this year, eligibility for these subsidies will be expanded to all agricultural counties. We will raise the minimum grain purchase prices based on actual conditions.
三要堅持最嚴(yán)格的耕地保護(hù)制度，特別是加強(qiáng)基本農(nóng)田保護(hù)。按土地利用總體規(guī)劃從嚴(yán)審查調(diào)整各類規(guī)劃的用地規(guī)模和標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，嚴(yán)格執(zhí)行土地用途管制制度，依法嚴(yán)格管理農(nóng)村集體和個人建設(shè)用地，堅決制止違法違規(guī)占用耕地和林地的行為。
Third, we will adhere to the strictest possible system for protecting farmland, and in particular we will increase protection of basic farmland. We will carefully examine and adjust the amounts and standards for land use in all types of plans in accordance with the master plan for land use, strictly follow the system for controlling land use, rigorously manage rural land used for collective and private construction projects in accordance with the law, and resolutely put a stop to illegal appropriation of arable land and forested areas.
四要完善農(nóng)業(yè)科技推廣和服務(wù)體系。加強(qiáng)農(nóng)業(yè)科技創(chuàng)新和成果轉(zhuǎn)化，強(qiáng)化以公益性為主的多元化農(nóng)業(yè)技術(shù)推廣服務(wù)。加快推進(jìn)農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械化。加強(qiáng)良種、信息、農(nóng)產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量安全和防災(zāi)減災(zāi)體系建設(shè)，搞好動物疫病和植物病蟲害防控。擴(kuò)大測土配方施肥規(guī)模?！ ?/p>
Fourth, we will improve the system for spreading agricultural science and technology and providing agricultural technical services. We will work harder to make innovations in agricultural science and technology and apply advances in agricultural science and technology, and improve the diverse array of mainly nonprofit agricultural technical services. We will accelerate agricultural mechanization. We will improve the systems for superior seed varieties, information, and the quality and safety of agricultural products, and for preventing and mitigating disasters, and do a good job preventing and controlling animal epidemics, plant diseases and insect pests. We will expand trial soil testing to determine appropriate fertilizer formulas.
五要全面推進(jìn)農(nóng)村改革。加快農(nóng)村綜合改革步伐。采取多種有效措施，積極穩(wěn)妥地化解鄉(xiāng)村債務(wù)。中央和地方將增加財政投入，用三年左右時間基本化解農(nóng)村義務(wù)教育歷史債務(wù)。堅持農(nóng)村基本經(jīng)營制度，穩(wěn)定和完善土地承包關(guān)系，按照依法自愿有償原則，健全土地承包經(jīng)營權(quán)流轉(zhuǎn)市場，有條件的地方可以發(fā)展多種形式的適度規(guī)模經(jīng)營。大力發(fā)展農(nóng)民專業(yè)合作組織。全面推進(jìn)集體林權(quán)制度改革。
Fifth, we will carry out rural reform in all areas. We will accelerate overall rural reform. We will adopt effective measures to actively yet prudently reduce the debts of townships and villages. The central and local governments will increase budgetary funding to basically clear up overdue debts for rural compulsory education in about three years. We will adhere to the basic system for rural operations and stabilize and improve land contract relationships. We will improve the market for the compensated, voluntary transfer of land contract and management rights in accordance with the law and allow diverse forms of farming operations to develop to an appropriate scale where conditions permit. We will work hard to develop specialized farmer cooperatives. We will carry out comprehensive reform of the system of collective forest rights.
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