中國網(wǎng)站品牌欄目（頻道）
(三)推進(jìn)經(jīng)濟(jì)結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整，轉(zhuǎn)變發(fā)展方式
3. Promoting economic adjustment and changing the pattern of development.
堅(jiān)持?jǐn)U大內(nèi)需方針，調(diào)整投資和消費(fèi)關(guān)系，促進(jìn)經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)由主要依靠投資、出口拉動(dòng)向依靠消費(fèi)、投資、出口協(xié)調(diào)拉動(dòng)轉(zhuǎn)變。關(guān)鍵是合理控制固定資產(chǎn)投資規(guī)模，著力優(yōu)化投資結(jié)構(gòu)。堅(jiān)持嚴(yán)把土地、信貸閘門和市場(chǎng)準(zhǔn)入標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，特別是要加強(qiáng)和規(guī)范新開工項(xiàng)目管理，嚴(yán)格執(zhí)行項(xiàng)目新開工條件。堅(jiān)決控制高耗能、高排放和產(chǎn)能過剩行業(yè)盲目投資和重復(fù)建設(shè)，提高限制發(fā)展行業(yè)的準(zhǔn)入標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和項(xiàng)目資本金比例。違法違規(guī)建設(shè)項(xiàng)目要堅(jiān)決停建。加大對(duì)經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)發(fā)展薄弱環(huán)節(jié)、重點(diǎn)領(lǐng)域和中西部地區(qū)的支持力度。從嚴(yán)控制新增建設(shè)用地特別是工業(yè)用地，今年土地利用計(jì)劃總規(guī)?？刂圃谌ツ晁?。要適應(yīng)新形勢(shì)、新情況，加強(qiáng)和改進(jìn)對(duì)社會(huì)各類投資活動(dòng)的引導(dǎo)、調(diào)控和監(jiān)管。
We will continue to boost domestic demand, adjust the balance of investment and consumption, and promote the shift from the pattern of economic growth that relies mainly on investment and exports to one that relies on a balanced combination of consumption, investment and exports. It is essential to appropriately control the scale of fixed asset investment and improve the investment structure. We will maintain strict control over the availability of land, credit and market access, and pay particular attention to strengthening and standardizing supervision of new projects to ensure they meet all the conditions for launching. Haphazard investment and unneeded development projects in energy intensive and highly polluting industries and industries with excess production capacity will be resolutely stopped, and market access will be tightened and capital requirements will be increased for industries whose development is discouraged. Work on illegal projects will be resolutely stopped. We will increase support for weak links and key areas in economic and social development and give more support to the central and western regions. We must tighten control over the amount of land used for development projects, especially for industrial purposes, and hold the total amount of land used this year to last year's level. We must respond to new conditions and situations by improving guidance, regulation and oversight for all types of investment activities in the country.
堅(jiān)持把推進(jìn)自主創(chuàng)新作為轉(zhuǎn)變發(fā)展方式的中心環(huán)節(jié)。要認(rèn)真落實(shí)國家中長(zhǎng)期科學(xué)和技術(shù)發(fā)展規(guī)劃綱要，全面啟動(dòng)和組織實(shí)施大型飛機(jī)、水體污染控制與治理、大型油氣田及煤層氣開發(fā)等國家重大專項(xiàng)。實(shí)施基礎(chǔ)研究、高技術(shù)研究和科技支撐計(jì)劃。著力突破新能源汽車、高速軌道交通、工農(nóng)業(yè)節(jié)水等一批重大關(guān)鍵技術(shù)。推進(jìn)國家創(chuàng)新體系建設(shè)，重點(diǎn)建設(shè)一批國家實(shí)驗(yàn)室、國家工程中心、面向企業(yè)的創(chuàng)新支撐平臺(tái)和企業(yè)技術(shù)中心，加強(qiáng)科技基礎(chǔ)能力建設(shè)。深化科技管理體制改革，統(tǒng)籌和優(yōu)化科技資源配置。今年中央財(cái)政將安排科技支出1134億元，比上年增加134億元。完善和落實(shí)支持自主創(chuàng)新的政策，充分發(fā)揮企業(yè)作為技術(shù)創(chuàng)新主體的作用，鼓勵(lì)、引導(dǎo)企業(yè)增加研發(fā)投入。加大政府采購對(duì)自主創(chuàng)新產(chǎn)品的支持力度。擴(kuò)大創(chuàng)業(yè)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)和投資試點(diǎn)范圍。實(shí)施知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)戰(zhàn)略，加強(qiáng)國際科技合作?！?/p>
We will continue to promote independent innovation as the central link in efforts to change the pattern of development. We need to diligently implement the Outline of the National Program for Long- and Medium-Term Scientific and Technological Development and fully launch and implement key national projects, including those to develop large aircraft, control pollution in bodies of water, and develop large-scale oil and gas fields and coal seam gas operations. We will carry out plans for basic research, high-tech research, and research to provide scientific and technological support for development. We will work to make major breakthroughs in key technologies for producing vehicles powered by new energy sources, developing high-speed railway transport and saving water in industries. We will promote development of the national innovation system, focusing on building a number of national laboratories, national engineering centers, platforms to support enterprise innovation and enterprise technology centers to strengthen China's science and technology infrastructure. We will deepen reform of the management system for science and technology and coordinate and improve resource distribution. The central government will spend 113.4 billion yuan on science and technology in 2008, a year-on-year increase of 13.4 billion yuan. We will improve and implement the policy to support independent innovation, get enterprises to fully play their role as the main parties responsible for technological innovation, and encourage and guide them to increase investment in R&D. We will integrate the efforts of enterprises, universities and research institutes and develop innovative enterprises. Government procurement of products produced through independent innovation will be increased. Trials in the use of venture capital will be expanded. We will implement the intellectual property rights strategy. We will expand scientific and technological cooperation with other countries.
推進(jìn)產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)優(yōu)化升級(jí)。堅(jiān)持走中國特色新型工業(yè)化道路，推進(jìn)信息化與工業(yè)化融合。著力發(fā)展高新技術(shù)產(chǎn)業(yè)，大力振興裝備制造業(yè)，改造和提升傳統(tǒng)產(chǎn)業(yè)，加快發(fā)展服務(wù)業(yè)特別是現(xiàn)代服務(wù)業(yè)。繼續(xù)實(shí)施新型顯示器、寬帶通信與網(wǎng)絡(luò)、生物醫(yī)藥等一批重大高技術(shù)產(chǎn)業(yè)專項(xiàng)。充分發(fā)揮國家高新技術(shù)開發(fā)區(qū)的集聚、引領(lǐng)和輻射作用。圍繞大型清潔高效發(fā)電設(shè)備、高檔數(shù)控機(jī)床和基礎(chǔ)制造裝備等關(guān)鍵領(lǐng)域，推進(jìn)重大裝備、關(guān)鍵零部件及元器件自主研發(fā)和國產(chǎn)化。加強(qiáng)地質(zhì)工作，提高資源勘查開發(fā)水平。積極發(fā)展現(xiàn)代能源原材料產(chǎn)業(yè)和綜合運(yùn)輸體系。
We will promote improvement and upgrading of the industrial structure. We will keep to the new path of industrialization with Chinese characteristics and promote integration of IT application with industrialization. We will work to develop new- and high-technology industries, reinvigorate the equipment manufacturing industry, upgrade traditional industries and accelerate the development of service industries, particularly modern services. We will continue the major projects to apply high technologies in the production of new-type displays, broadband communications and network equipment, and biomedicine. We will get national new and high technology development zones to fully play their role in pooling resources, guiding development and boosting development in surrounding areas. We will promote domestic R&D and production of important equipment and key spare parts and components, with the focus on key areas such as large clean and highly efficient power generating units, high-grade digital machine tools and basic manufacturing equipment. We will give higher priority to geological work to improve prospecting for and exploitation of natural resources. We will strongly develop the modern energy and raw materials industries and better integrate the transportation system.
促進(jìn)區(qū)域協(xié)調(diào)發(fā)展。深入推進(jìn)西部大開發(fā)，開工建設(shè)一批重點(diǎn)工程，支持重點(diǎn)地區(qū)優(yōu)化開發(fā)。繼續(xù)搞好天然林保護(hù)、防沙治沙、石漠化治理，落實(shí)退耕還林后續(xù)政策。組織實(shí)施東北地區(qū)振興規(guī)劃，支持先進(jìn)裝備制造業(yè)發(fā)展和資源枯竭型地區(qū)經(jīng)濟(jì)轉(zhuǎn)型。編制和實(shí)施促進(jìn)中西部崛起計(jì)劃，落實(shí)并完善相關(guān)政策。鼓勵(lì)東部地區(qū)率先發(fā)展，著力提升國際競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力。進(jìn)一步加大對(duì)革命老區(qū)、民族地區(qū)、邊疆地區(qū)、貧困地區(qū)發(fā)展的扶持力度。制定并實(shí)施主體功能區(qū)規(guī)劃和政策。
We will promote balanced development among regions. We will extensively promote the large-scale development of the western region, and launch a number of key projects and support the development of key areas on a priority basis. We will continue to protect natural forests, prevent and control desertification, and reverse and prevent the development of stony deserts, and will implement a follow-up policy to consolidate progress made in converting retired farmland to forests. We will implement the plan to reinvigorate northeast China, and support the development of advanced equipment manufacturing and modern agriculture and the economic transformation of areas depending on resources that are now exhausted. We will formulate and implement a plan to boost development of the central region and implement and improve relevant policies. We will encourage the eastern region to lead the country in development and improve its international competitiveness. We will give more support to old revolutionary areas, ethnic minority areas, border areas and poor areas to help them develop. We will adopt and implement a plan and policy for development priority zones.
(四)加大節(jié)能減排和環(huán)境保護(hù)力度，做好產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量安全工作
4. Increasing efforts to conserve energy, reduce emissions and protect the environment, and ensuring product quality and safety.
今年是完成“十一五”節(jié)能減排約束性目標(biāo)的關(guān)鍵一年，務(wù)必增強(qiáng)緊迫感，加大攻堅(jiān)力度，力求取得更大成效。
This year is crucial for meeting the obligatory targets for energy conservation and emissions reduction set forth in the Eleventh Five-Year Plan, and we must increase our sense of urgency and intensify efforts to make greater progress.
一是落實(shí)電力、鋼鐵、水泥、煤炭、造紙等行業(yè)淘汰落后生產(chǎn)能力計(jì)劃。建立淘汰落后產(chǎn)能退出機(jī)制，完善和落實(shí)關(guān)閉企業(yè)的配套政策措施。同時(shí)，按照規(guī)劃加強(qiáng)這些行業(yè)先進(jìn)生產(chǎn)能力的建設(shè)?！?/p>
First, we will implement the plan to close down backward production facilities in the electricity, steel, cement, coal and papermaking industries. We will also put in place a mechanism for closing down these facilities and improve and implement support policies and measures for shutting down enterprises. In addition, we will step up efforts to develop advanced production facilities in these industries in accordance with the plan.
二是抓好重點(diǎn)企業(yè)節(jié)能和重點(diǎn)工程建設(shè)。加快十大重點(diǎn)節(jié)能工程實(shí)施進(jìn)度。提高城鎮(zhèn)污水處理能力，力爭(zhēng)用兩年的時(shí)間在36個(gè)大城市率先實(shí)現(xiàn)污水的全部收集和處理。適當(dāng)提高排污費(fèi)、污水處理費(fèi)和垃圾處理費(fèi)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。完善和嚴(yán)格執(zhí)行建筑標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，大力推進(jìn)墻體材料革新和建筑節(jié)能。穩(wěn)步推進(jìn)城鎮(zhèn)供熱體制和市政公用事業(yè)改革。
Second, we will focus on energy conservation in key enterprises and construction of key projects. We need to accelerate work on the ten major energy conservation projects. We will increase the urban sewage treatment capacity and strive to reach the goal of 100% collection and treatment of sewage in 36 large cities within two years. Charges for discharging wastewater and for sewage treatment and garbage disposal will be appropriately raised. Building standards will be upgraded and strictly enforced to encourage the development of better wall materials and construction of energy-efficient buildings. We will make steady progress in reforming the urban heating system and public utilities. 三是開發(fā)和推廣節(jié)約、替代、循環(huán)利用資源和治理污染的先進(jìn)適用技術(shù)，實(shí)施節(jié)能減排重大技術(shù)和示范工程。大力發(fā)展節(jié)能服務(wù)產(chǎn)業(yè)和環(huán)保業(yè)。開發(fā)風(fēng)能、太陽能等清潔、可再生能源。 Third, we will develop and apply advanced and appropriate technologies to save, replace and reuse resources and control pollution, and carry out projects to develop and demonstrate major energy conservation and emissions reduction technologies. We will energetically develop the energy conservation service industry and the environmental protection industry. We will develop clean and renewable energy sources such as wind power and solar energy. 四是做好“三河三湖”、南水北調(diào)水源及沿線、三峽庫區(qū)和松花江等重點(diǎn)流域污染防治工作，實(shí)施渤海環(huán)境保護(hù)總體規(guī)劃。提高重點(diǎn)流域水污染物的國家排放標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。 Fourth, we will prevent and control pollution in key river valleys and regions, including the Huai, Hai, Liao and Songhua rivers, Tai, Chao and Dianchi lakes, the sources and routes of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project, and the Three Gorges Reservoir area. We will implement the master plan for protecting the environment of the Bohai Sea. National standards will have stricter limits for discharge of pollutants in key river valleys.
五是加強(qiáng)農(nóng)村飲用水水源地保護(hù)，推進(jìn)農(nóng)村生活污染治理，嚴(yán)格控制農(nóng)村地區(qū)工業(yè)污染，加強(qiáng)畜禽、水產(chǎn)養(yǎng)殖污染治理，控制農(nóng)業(yè)面源污染?！?/p>
Fifth, we will intensify protection of rural drinking water sources, and work to control sewage and garbage pollution and industrial pollution in rural areas. We will also strengthen control of pollution from livestock and poultry farming and aquaculture as well as agricultural nonpoint source pollution.
六是鼓勵(lì)和支持發(fā)展循環(huán)經(jīng)濟(jì)，促進(jìn)再生資源回收利用。全面推行清潔生產(chǎn)。
Sixth, we will encourage and support the development of a circular economy and promote recycling and reuse of renewable resources. We will also promote cleaner production in all industries.
七是加強(qiáng)土地、水、草原、森林、礦產(chǎn)等資源的保護(hù)和節(jié)約集約利用，嚴(yán)厲查處亂采濫挖礦產(chǎn)資源等違法違規(guī)行為。搞好海洋資源保護(hù)和合理利用，發(fā)展海洋經(jīng)濟(jì)。加強(qiáng)氣象、地震、測(cè)繪基礎(chǔ)研究和能力建設(shè)?！ ?/p>
Seventh, we will strengthen efforts to protect, conserve and intensively use natural resources, including land, water, grasslands, forests and minerals, and take stern measures to combat illegal mining of mineral resources. We will effectively protect marine resources, use them wisely, and develop the marine economy. We will intensify China's basic research efforts in meteorology, earthquake science, and surveying and mapping to strengthen these areas.
八是實(shí)施應(yīng)對(duì)氣候變化國家方案，加強(qiáng)應(yīng)對(duì)氣候變化能力建設(shè)?！ ?/p>
Eighth, we will implement the national plan to respond to climate change to strengthen China's ability to respond to climate change.
九是完善能源資源節(jié)約和環(huán)境保護(hù)獎(jiǎng)懲機(jī)制。執(zhí)行節(jié)能減排統(tǒng)計(jì)監(jiān)測(cè)制度，健全審計(jì)、監(jiān)察體系、加強(qiáng)執(zhí)法力度，強(qiáng)化節(jié)能減排工作責(zé)任制?！ ?/p>
Ninth, we will improve the mechanism for rewarding those who conserve energy and resources and protect the environment and punishing those who waste energy and resources and harm the environment. We will also employ statistical and monitoring systems for conserving energy and reducing emissions, and improve the auditing and supervision systems, increase law enforcement efforts, and tighten the accountability system for energy conservation and emissions reduction.
十是增強(qiáng)全社會(huì)生態(tài)文明觀念，動(dòng)員全體人民更加積極投身于資源節(jié)約型、環(huán)境友好型社會(huì)建設(shè)。節(jié)約資源和環(huán)境保護(hù)要一代一代人持之以恒地進(jìn)行下去，讓我們的祖國山更綠，水更清，天更藍(lán)?！?/p>
Tenth, we will enhance public awareness of the importance of a culture of conservation and encourage the entire nation to participate in building a resource-conserving and environmentally friendly society. Resource conservation and environmental protection must continue from generation to generation to make our mountains greener, waters cleaner and skies bluer.
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