政府工作報告
REPORT ON THE WORK OF THE GOVERNMENT

——2018年3月5日在第十三屆全國人民代表大會第一次會議上
國務院總理　李克強
Delivered at the First Session of the 13th National People’s Congress of the
People’s Republic of China on March 5, 2018
Li Keqiang
Premier of the State Council

各位代表：
Fellow Deputies,

現(xiàn)在，我代表國務院，向大會報告過去五年政府工作，對今年工作提出建議，請予審議，并請全國政協(xié)委員提出意見。
On behalf of the State Council, I will now report to you on the government’s work of the past five years and lay out what we propose for this year’s work for your deliberation and approval. I also invite comments from the members of the National Committee of the Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC).

一、過去五年工作回顧
Review of our work over the past five years

第十二屆全國人民代表大會第一次會議以來的五年，是我國發(fā)展進程中極不平凡的五年。面對極其錯綜復雜的國內(nèi)外形勢，以習近平同志為核心的黨中央團結帶領全國各族人民砥礪前行，統(tǒng)籌推進“五位一體”總體布局，協(xié)調(diào)推進“四個全面”戰(zhàn)略布局，改革開放和社會主義現(xiàn)代化建設全面開創(chuàng)新局面。黨的十九大確立了習近平新時代中國特色社會主義思想的歷史地位，制定了決勝全面建成小康社會、奪取新時代中國特色社會主義偉大勝利的宏偉藍圖和行動綱領，具有重大現(xiàn)實意義和深遠歷史意義。各地區(qū)各部門不斷增強政治意識、大局意識、核心意識、看齊意識，深入貫徹落實新發(fā)展理念，“十二五”規(guī)劃勝利完成，“十三五”規(guī)劃順利實施，經(jīng)濟社會發(fā)展取得歷史性成就、發(fā)生歷史性變革。
The five years since the first session of the 12th National People’s Congress (NPC) have been a truly remarkable five years in the course of our country’s development. Facing an extremely complex environment both at home and abroad, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core, has rallied and led the Chinese people of all ethnic groups to forge ahead. We have moved forward in a coordinated manner with the five-sphere integrated plan and the four-pronged comprehensive strategy, and made new advances on all fronts of reform, opening up, and socialist modernization. At its 19th National Congress, the Party established the position in history of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era, and mapped out an inspiring blueprint and a program of action for securing a decisive victory in building a moderately prosperous society in all respects and for striving for the success of socialism with Chinese characteristics for a new era. This is of great immediate significance and far-reaching historical significance. All regions and all government departments have strengthened their consciousness of the need to maintain political integrity, think in big-picture terms, follow the leadership core, and keep in alignment. The new development philosophy has been thoroughly acted upon, the 12th Five-Year Plan has been successfully completed, and implementation of the 13th Five-Year Plan has seen smooth progress. In economic and social development we have made historic achievements and seen historic change.

五年來，經(jīng)濟實力躍上新臺階。國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值從54萬億元增加到82．7萬億元，年均增長7．1％，占世界經(jīng)濟比重從11．4％提高到15％左右，對世界經(jīng)濟增長貢獻率超過30％。財政收入從11．7萬億元增加到17．3萬億元。居民消費價格年均上漲1．9％，保持較低水平。城鎮(zhèn)新增就業(yè)6600萬人以上，13億多人口的大國實現(xiàn)了比較充分就業(yè)。
Over the past five years, economic strength has reached a new high.China’s gross domestic product (GDP) has risen from 54 trillion to 82.7 trillion yuan, registering average annual growth of 7.1 percent; and its share in the global economy has grown to roughly 15 percent, up from 11.4 percent. China’s contribution to global growth has exceeded 30 percent. Government revenue has increased from 11.7 trillion to 17.3 trillion yuan. Consumer prices have risen at an average annual rate of 1.9 percent, maintaining a relatively low level of growth. More than 66 million new urban jobs have been added, and our country, with its population of over 1.3 billion, has achieved relatively full employment.

五年來，經(jīng)濟結構出現(xiàn)重大變革。消費貢獻率由54．9％提高到58．8％，服務業(yè)比重從45．3％上升到51．6％，成為經(jīng)濟增長主動力。高技術制造業(yè)年均增長11．7％。糧食生產(chǎn)能力達到1．2萬億斤。城鎮(zhèn)化率從52．6％提高到58．5％，8000多萬農(nóng)業(yè)轉移人口成為城鎮(zhèn)居民。
Over the past five years, the structure of the Chinese economy has seen a major transformation. With the share of the service sector rising from 45.3 to 51.6 percent of the economy, consumption’s contribution to growth has increased from 54.9 to 58.8 percent, becoming the main driver of growth. High-tech manufacturing has achieved an average annual increase of 11.7 percent, and the annual grain yield has reached 600 million metric tons. China’s urbanization rate has risen from 52.6 to 58.5 percent, and more than 80 million people who have relocated from rural to urban areas have gained permanent urban residency.

五年來，創(chuàng)新驅動發(fā)展成果豐碩。全社會研發(fā)投入年均增長11％，規(guī)模躍居世界第二位?？萍歼M步貢獻率由52．2％提高到57．5％。載人航天、深海探測、量子通信、大飛機等重大創(chuàng)新成果不斷涌現(xiàn)。高鐵網(wǎng)絡、電子商務、移動支付、共享經(jīng)濟等引領世界潮流?！盎ヂ?lián)網(wǎng)＋”廣泛融入各行各業(yè)。大眾創(chuàng)業(yè)、萬眾創(chuàng)新蓬勃發(fā)展，日均新設企業(yè)由5千多戶增加到1萬6千多戶?？焖籴绕鸬男聞幽埽谥厮芙?jīng)濟增長格局、深刻改變生產(chǎn)生活方式，成為中國創(chuàng)新發(fā)展的新標志。
Over the past five years, innovation-driven development has yielded fruitful outcomes. China’s investment in research and development (R&D) has grown at an average annual rate of 11 percent, ranking second in the world in scale. The contribution of technological advances to economic growth has risen from 52.2 to 57.5 percent. In manned spaceflight, deep-water exploration, quantum communications, large aircraft development, and more, China has seen a stream of major outcomes of innovation. In high-speed rail, e-commerce, mobile payments, and the sharing economy, China is leading the world. The Internet Plus model has permeated many different fields and industries. Business startups and innovation are thriving all over the country, and the average number of new businesses opened daily has risen from over 5,000 to more than 16,000. Rapidly emerging new growth drivers are reshaping China’s growth model, are profoundly changing the way we live and work, and have become a new hallmark of China’s innovation-driven development.

五年來，改革開放邁出重大步伐。改革全面發(fā)力、多點突破、縱深推進，重要領域和關鍵環(huán)節(jié)改革取得突破性進展，主要領域改革主體框架基本確立。簡政放權、放管結合、優(yōu)化服務等改革推動政府職能發(fā)生深刻轉變，市場活力和社會創(chuàng)造力明顯增強?！耙粠б宦贰苯ㄔO成效顯著，對外貿(mào)易和利用外資結構優(yōu)化、規(guī)模穩(wěn)居世界前列。
Over the past five years, significant headway has been made in reform and opening up.In reform, we have made strong moves across the board, secured major advances in many areas, and driven deeper in pursuing progress, making breakthroughs in reforms in important fields and at key links and seeing that in the main areas the general frameworks for reform are basically established. Reforms to streamline administration and delegate powers, improve regulation, and optimize services, have driven profound shifts in the functions of government, and significantly strengthened market dynamism and public creativity. Notable achievements have been made in the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI). The composition of both Chinese foreign trade and foreign investment in China has been improved, with volumes ranking among the largest in the world.

五年來，人民生活持續(xù)改善。脫貧攻堅取得決定性進展，貧困人口減少6800多萬，易地扶貧搬遷830萬人，貧困發(fā)生率由10．2％下降到3．1％。居民收入年均增長7．4％、超過經(jīng)濟增速，形成世界上人口最多的中等收入群體。出境旅游人次由8300萬增加到1億3千多萬。教育事業(yè)全面發(fā)展。社會養(yǎng)老保險覆蓋9億多人，基本醫(yī)療保險覆蓋13．5億人，織就了世界上最大的社會保障網(wǎng)。人均預期壽命達到76．7歲。棚戶區(qū)住房改造2600多萬套，農(nóng)村危房改造1700多萬戶，上億人喜遷新居。
Over the past five years, living standards have been constantly improving.We have made decisive progress in the fight against poverty: More than 68 million people have been lifted out of poverty, including a total of 8.3 million relocated from inhospitable areas, and the poverty headcount ratio has dropped from 10.2 to 3.1 percent. Personal income has increased by an annual average of 7.4 percent, outpacing economic growth and creating the world’s largest middle-income group. Tourist departures have grown from 83 million to over 130 million. Education has seen all-around development. Social old-age pension schemes now cover more than 900 million people, and basic health insurance plans cover 1.35 billion people, forming the largest social safety net in the world. On average, life expectancy has reached 76.7 years. Over 26 million housing units have been rebuilt in rundown urban areas and more than 17 million dilapidated houses have been renovated in rural areas, with the result that more than one hundred million Chinese have moved into new homes.

五年來，生態(tài)環(huán)境狀況逐步好轉。制定實施大氣、水、土壤污染防治三個“十條”并取得扎實成效。單位國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值能耗、水耗均下降20％以上，主要污染物排放量持續(xù)下降，重點城市重污染天數(shù)減少一半，森林面積增加1．63億畝，沙化土地面積年均縮減近2000平方公里，綠色發(fā)展呈現(xiàn)可喜局面。
Over the past five years, the environment has seen gradual improvement.To address air, water, and soil pollution, we have designed and enforced a ten-point list of measures for each and achieved solid progress. Both energy and water consumption per unit of GDP have fallen more than 20 percent, the release of major pollutants has been consistently declining, and the number of days of heavy air pollution in key cities has fallen 50 percent. Forest coverage has increased by 10.87 million hectares, and the area of desertified land has been reduced by close to 2,000 square kilometers on average each year. Encouraging progress has been made in green development.

剛剛過去的2017年，經(jīng)濟社會發(fā)展主要目標任務全面完成并好于預期。國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值增長6．9％，居民收入增長7．3％，增速均比上年有所加快；城鎮(zhèn)新增就業(yè)1351萬人，失業(yè)率為多年來最低；工業(yè)增速回升，企業(yè)利潤增長21％；財政收入增長7．4％，扭轉了增速放緩態(tài)勢；進出口增長14．2％，實際使用外資1363億美元、創(chuàng)歷史新高。經(jīng)濟發(fā)展呈現(xiàn)出增長與質(zhì)量、結構、效益相得益彰的良好局面。這是五年來一系列重大政策效應累積，各方面不懈努力、久久為功的結果。
In the year just passed, all main targets and tasks for economic and social development were accomplished and performance exceeded expectations. GDP grew 6.9 percent and personal income rose 7.3 percent, both beating the previous year’s growth rates. Around 13.51 million new urban jobs were created, and the jobless rate was at its lowest level in years. Industrial growth began to rebound, and corporate profits increased 21 percent. Government revenue grew 7.4 percent, reversing the slowdown in growth. The total import and export value rose 14.2 percent. Inward foreign investment reached 136.3 billion U.S. dollars, hitting a new all-time high.The state of play in the economy was good, with growth and quality, structural improvement, and performance each reinforcing the other. This is the result of the cumulative effect of a raft of major policies over the past five years and of consistent efforts in all areas of endeavor.

過去五年取得的全方位、開創(chuàng)性成就，發(fā)生的深層次、根本性變革，再次令世界矚目，全國各族人民倍感振奮和自豪。
The past five years have seen groundbreaking achievements on every front and profound and fundamental changes, attracting global attention and bringing all of us in China pride and inspiration.

五年來，我們認真貫徹以習近平同志為核心的黨中央決策部署，主要做了以下工作。
Over the past five years, we have worked with dedication to implement the decisions and plans made by the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core. The following are the highlights of that work:

（一）堅持穩(wěn)中求進工作總基調(diào)，著力創(chuàng)新和完善宏觀調(diào)控，經(jīng)濟運行保持在合理區(qū)間、實現(xiàn)穩(wěn)中向好。這些年，世界經(jīng)濟復蘇乏力，國際金融市場跌宕起伏，保護主義明顯抬頭。我國經(jīng)濟發(fā)展中結構性問題和深層次矛盾凸顯，經(jīng)濟下行壓力持續(xù)加大，遇到不少兩難多難抉擇。面對這種局面，我們保持戰(zhàn)略定力，堅持不搞“大水漫灌”式強刺激，而是適應把握引領經(jīng)濟發(fā)展新常態(tài)，統(tǒng)籌穩(wěn)增長、促改革、調(diào)結構、惠民生、防風險，不斷創(chuàng)新和完善宏觀調(diào)控，確立區(qū)間調(diào)控的思路和方式，加強定向調(diào)控、相機調(diào)控、精準調(diào)控。明確強調(diào)只要經(jīng)濟運行在合理區(qū)間，就業(yè)增加、收入增長、環(huán)境改善，就集中精力促改革、調(diào)結構、添動力。采取既利當前更惠長遠的舉措，著力推進供給側結構性改革，適度擴大總需求，推動實現(xiàn)更高層次的供需動態(tài)平衡。經(jīng)過艱辛努力，我們頂住了經(jīng)濟下行壓力、避免了“硬著陸”，保持了經(jīng)濟中高速增長，促進了結構優(yōu)化，經(jīng)濟長期向好的基本面不斷鞏固和發(fā)展。
First, with a commitment to the general principle of pursuing progress while ensuring stability, we have focused on developing new and better approaches to macro regulation, kept major indicators within an appropriate range, and achieved stable, positive economic performance.The past few years have witnessed anemic world economic recovery, volatility in global financial markets, and a sharp rise in protectionism. In China, structural issues and underlying problems have become more acute, downward pressure on the economy has continued to mount, and we have met with no small number of dilemmas.In facing this new environment, we have maintained strategic focus and refrained from resorting to a deluge of strong stimulus policies. Instead, we have adapted to, addressed, and steered the new normal in economic development, and taken coordinated steps to ensure steady growth, advance reform, make structural adjustments, improve living standards, and guard against risk. We have made fresh innovations in and refined macro regulation, developed the idea of and ways to achieve range-based regulation, and enhanced targeted, well-timed, and precision regulation.We have been clear that as long as the major economic indicators are within an acceptable range, with employment growing, incomes increasing, and the environment improving, then our energies should be focused on advancing reform, making structural adjustments, and adding growth drivers.We have adopted measures that are good for the near term and even better for the long term, made strong moves to advance supply-side structural reform, appropriately expanded aggregate demand, and worked for a dynamic equilibrium of supply and demand at a higher level.With grit and determination, we have overcome downward pressure on the economy, avoided a “hard landing,” maintained a medium-high growth rate, and promoted structural upgrading. The economic fundamentals that will sustain long-term growth have been cemented and enhanced.

堅持實施積極的財政政策和穩(wěn)健的貨幣政策。在財政收支矛盾較大情況下，著眼“放水養(yǎng)魚”、增強后勁，我國率先大幅減稅降費。分步驟全面推開營改增，結束了66年的營業(yè)稅征收歷史，累計減稅超過2萬億元，加上采取小微企業(yè)稅收優(yōu)惠、清理各種收費等措施，共減輕市場主體負擔3萬多億元。加強地方政府債務管理，實施地方政府存量債務置換，降低利息負擔1．2萬億元。調(diào)整財政支出結構，盤活沉淀資金，保障基本民生和重點項目。財政赤字率一直控制在3％以內(nèi)。貨幣政策保持穩(wěn)健中性，廣義貨幣M2增速呈下降趨勢，信貸和社會融資規(guī)模適度增長。采取定向降準、專項再貸款等差別化政策，加強對重點領域和薄弱環(huán)節(jié)支持，小微企業(yè)貸款增速高于各項貸款平均增速。改革完善匯率市場化形成機制，保持人民幣匯率基本穩(wěn)定，外匯儲備轉降為升。妥善應對“錢荒”等金融市場異常波動，規(guī)范金融市場秩序，防范化解重點領域風險，守住了不發(fā)生系統(tǒng)性風險的底線，維護了國家經(jīng)濟金融安全。
We have continued to follow a proactive fiscal policy and a prudent monetary policy. Despite a fairly big imbalance between government revenue and expenditure, China has led the way in slashing taxes and fees with the aim of using accommodative measures to strengthen the basis for sustained growth. Step by step, we have extended the replacement of business tax with value added tax (VAT) to all sectors across the country, calling time on the 66-year history of business tax. The result so far has been a tax cut of more than 2 trillion yuan. We have also adopted measures like preferential tax policies for small low-profit businesses and an overhaul of different types of fees. All in all, our market entities have seen savings of more than 3 trillion yuan. We have strengthened management over local government debt, and issued local government bonds to replace outstanding debt, cutting interest liability by 1.2 trillion yuan. We have adjusted the structure of government expenditure, put idle funds to work, and ensured the spending for undertaking major projects and meeting basic public needs. The deficit-to-GDP ratio has been kept within 3 percent.Monetary policy has remained prudent and neutral. The M2 money supply growth rate has been trending downward, while credit and aggregate financing have seen moderate growth. Differentiated policies, such as targeted reserve requirement ratio cuts and targeted re-lending, have been adopted to strengthen support for key fields and weak links. The growth of loans to small and micro businesses has outstripped the average growth in lending. We have reformed and improved the market-based exchange rate mechanism and kept the RMB exchange rate basically stable; and foreign exchange reserves are now rising not falling. We have responded appropriately to abnormal market fluctuations such as the cash crunch, brought better order to the financial markets, prevented and defused risks in key sectors, forestalled systemic risk, and thus safeguarded China’s economic and financial security.

（二）堅持以供給側結構性改革為主線，著力培育壯大新動能，經(jīng)濟結構加快優(yōu)化升級。緊緊依靠改革破解經(jīng)濟發(fā)展和結構失衡難題，大力發(fā)展新興產(chǎn)業(yè)，改造提升傳統(tǒng)產(chǎn)業(yè)，提高供給體系質(zhì)量和效率。
Second, with a commitment to treating supply-side structural reform as our main task, we have focused on fostering new growth drivers and sped up economic structural upgrading.We have persevered in relying on reform to overcome economic difficulties and address structural imbalances, made a big push to foster emerging industries, overhauled and strengthened traditional industries, and improved the quality and performance of the supply system.

扎實推進“三去一降一補”。五年來，在淘汰水泥、平板玻璃等落后產(chǎn)能基礎上，以鋼鐵、煤炭等行業(yè)為重點加大去產(chǎn)能力度，中央財政安排1000億元專項獎補資金予以支持，用于分流職工安置。退出鋼鐵產(chǎn)能1．7億噸以上、煤炭產(chǎn)能8億噸，安置分流職工110多萬人。因城施策分類指導，三四線城市商品住宅去庫存取得明顯成效，熱點城市房價漲勢得到控制。積極穩(wěn)妥去杠桿，控制債務規(guī)模，增加股權融資，工業(yè)企業(yè)資產(chǎn)負債率連續(xù)下降，宏觀杠桿率漲幅明顯收窄、總體趨于穩(wěn)定。多措并舉降成本，壓減政府性基金項目30％，削減中央政府層面設立的涉企收費項目60％以上，階段性降低“五險一金”繳費比例，推動降低用能、物流、電信等成本。突出重點加大補短板力度。
Solid work has moved us forward in the five priority tasks of cutting overcapacity, reducing excess inventory, deleveraging, lowering costs, and strengthening areas of weakness.Over the past five years, building on work to cut backward production capacity in the cement, plate glass, and other industries, we have intensified efforts to cut overcapacity, prioritizing industries such as steel and coal; and a 100-billion-yuan fund for rewards and subsidies has been put in place by the central government to support efforts to assist affected employees. We have cut steel production capacity by more than 170 million metric tons and coal production capacity by 800 million metric tons, and over 1.1 million affected employees have been assisted.Thanks to city-specific policies and category-specific guidance, clear progress has been made in reducing commercial residential housing inventory in third- and fourth-tier cities, and the growth of housing prices in the most popular cities has been brought under control.We have taken active and prudent steps to deleverage, control the scale of debts, and expand equity finance. The debt-to-asset ratio of industrial enterprises has been consistently declining. Macro leverage ratio is increasing by much smaller margins and is generally stable.We have used a combination of measures to bring down costs: 30 percent of government-managed funds and fees have been cut; over 60 percent of the fees and charges levied on businesses by the central government have been abolished; the ratio of enterprise contributions to old-age pension, medical insurance, unemployment insurance, and maternity insurance, workers’ compensation, and housing provident fund schemes has been reduced for the time being, and work has been done to lower energy, logistics, and telecommunications costs.And, with a focus on key issues, we have stepped up efforts to strengthen areas of weakness.

加快新舊發(fā)展動能接續(xù)轉換。深入開展“互聯(lián)網(wǎng)＋”行動，實行包容審慎監(jiān)管，推動大數(shù)據(jù)、云計算、物聯(lián)網(wǎng)廣泛應用，新興產(chǎn)業(yè)蓬勃發(fā)展，傳統(tǒng)產(chǎn)業(yè)深刻重塑。實施“中國制造2025”，推進工業(yè)強基、智能制造、綠色制造等重大工程，先進制造業(yè)加快發(fā)展。出臺現(xiàn)代服務業(yè)改革發(fā)展舉措，服務新業(yè)態(tài)新模式異軍突起，促進了各行業(yè)融合升級。深化農(nóng)業(yè)供給側結構性改革，新型經(jīng)營主體大批涌現(xiàn)，種植業(yè)適度規(guī)模經(jīng)營比重從30％提升到40％以上。采取措施增加中低收入者收入，推動傳統(tǒng)消費提檔升級、新興消費快速興起，網(wǎng)上零售額年均增長30％以上，社會消費品零售總額年均增長11．3％。優(yōu)化投資結構，鼓勵民間投資，發(fā)揮政府投資撬動作用，引導更多資金投向強基礎、增后勁、惠民生領域。高速鐵路運營里程從9000多公里增加到2萬5千公里、占世界三分之二，高速公路里程從9．6萬公里增加到13．6萬公里，新建改建農(nóng)村公路127萬公里，新建民航機場46個，開工重大水利工程122項，完成新一輪農(nóng)村電網(wǎng)改造，建成全球最大的移動寬帶網(wǎng)。五年來，發(fā)展新動能迅速壯大，經(jīng)濟增長實現(xiàn)由主要依靠投資、出口拉動轉向依靠消費、投資、出口協(xié)同拉動，由主要依靠第二產(chǎn)業(yè)帶動轉向依靠三次產(chǎn)業(yè)共同帶動。這是我們多年想實現(xiàn)而沒有實現(xiàn)的重大結構性變革。
We have sped up the replacement of old growth drivers.We have taken extensive action under the Internet Plus Initiative, exercised accommodative and prudential regulation, and promoted the extensive application of big data, cloud computing, and the Internet of Things; emerging industries have achieved vigorous growth, and traditional industries have undergone a thorough remodeling.Implementation of the Made in China 2025 initiative has brought progress in major projects like the building of robust industrial foundations, smart manufacturing, and green manufacturing, and has accelerated the development of advanced manufacturing.We unveiled reform and development measures to foster modern services; and this has led to a marked rise in new forms of business in the service sector and new service models as well as the integration and upgrading of multiple sectors.Deepened supply-side structural reform in agriculture has brought the emergence of a large number of new types of agribusiness. The share of appropriately scaled-up farming has increased from 30 to over 40 percent.We have taken measures to increase the incomes of those in low- and middle-income brackets, and helped to see an upgrading of traditional forms of consumption, and a boom in new forms of consumption. Online retail sales have been growing at an average annual rate of over 30 percent, and total retail sales of consumer goods have enjoyed an average annual increase of 11.3 percent.We have improved the composition of investment, encouraged private investment, used government investment to play a catalytic role, and guided more funding toward areas that strengthen the economic foundation, enhance sustainability, and improve people’s lives.China’s in-operation high-speed railways have grown from over 9,000 to 25,000 kilometers, accounting for two thirds of the world’s total. Our expressways have grown from 96,000 to 136,000 kilometers. We have built or upgraded 1.27 million kilometers of rural roads, built 46 new civilian airports, and begun work on 122 major water conservancy projects. We have completed the latest round of rural power grid upgrading, and put in place the largest mobile broadband network in the world.Over the past five years, new growth drivers have rapidly grown in strength. Economic growth, in the past mainly driven by investment and exports, is now being fueled by consumption, investment, and exports. In the past dependent mainly on secondary industry, growth is now powered by a combination of the primary, secondary, and tertiary industries. This is a major structural transformation that for years our sights had been set on but we were never able to achieve.

推進供給側結構性改革，必須破除要素市場化配置障礙，降低制度性交易成本。針對長期存在的重審批、輕監(jiān)管、弱服務問題，我們持續(xù)深化“放管服”改革，加快轉變政府職能，減少微觀管理、直接干預，注重加強宏觀調(diào)控、市場監(jiān)管和公共服務。五年來，國務院部門行政審批事項削減44％，非行政許可審批徹底終結，中央政府層面核準的企業(yè)投資項目減少90％，行政審批中介服務事項壓減74％，職業(yè)資格許可和認定大幅減少。中央政府定價項目縮減80％，地方政府定價項目縮減50％以上。全面改革工商登記、注冊資本等商事制度，企業(yè)開辦時間縮短三分之一以上。創(chuàng)新和加強事中事后監(jiān)管，實行“雙隨機、一公開”，隨機抽取檢查人員和檢查對象、及時公開查處結果，提高了監(jiān)管效能和公正性。推行“互聯(lián)網(wǎng)＋政務服務”，實施一站式服務等舉措。營商環(huán)境持續(xù)改善，市場活力明顯增強，群眾辦事更加便利。
Advancing supply-side structural reform demands removing barriers to the market-based allocation of the factors of production and reducing government-imposed transaction costs.To address the longstanding issues of excessive emphasis on approval procedures, insufficient attention to regulatory processes, and a failure to provide strong services, we have been consistently deepening reforms to streamline administration, delegate powers, improve regulation, and strengthen services. We have sped up efforts to transform government functions, reduced micromanagement and direct intervention, and done more to improve macro regulation, market regulation, and public services.Over the past five years, the number of items subject to approval by State Council offices and departments has been slashed by 44 percent, the practice of non-administrative approval has been completely put to a stop, the number of business investment items subject to central government approval has been cut by 90 percent, intermediary services needed for obtaining government approval have been cut by 74 percent, and the requirements for professional qualification approval and accreditation have been significantly reduced. The number of items for which central government sets the prices has been cut back by 80 percent, and local government-priced items have been cut down by over 50 percent. Comprehensive reforms have swept the business system, including business registration and registered capital, reducing the time it takes to start a business by over a third.We have developed new and better ways of conducting compliance oversight, and introduced a new model of oversight combining randomly selected inspectors who inspect randomly selected entities and the prompt release of results. These efforts have made regulation more effective and impartial.We have rolled out the Internet Plus Government Services model and adopted measures such as the one-stop service model.Thanks to the above reforms, the business environment has consistently improved, the market is more energized, and people can access government services more easily.

（三）堅持創(chuàng)新引領發(fā)展，著力激發(fā)社會創(chuàng)造力，整體創(chuàng)新能力和效率顯著提高。實施創(chuàng)新驅動發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略，優(yōu)化創(chuàng)新生態(tài)，形成多主體協(xié)同、全方位推進的創(chuàng)新局面。擴大科研機構和高?？蒲凶灾鳈啵倪M科研項目和經(jīng)費管理，深化科技成果權益管理改革。推進全面創(chuàng)新改革試驗，支持北京、上海建設科技創(chuàng)新中心，新設14個國家自主創(chuàng)新示范區(qū)，帶動形成一批區(qū)域創(chuàng)新高地。以企業(yè)為主體加強技術創(chuàng)新體系建設，涌現(xiàn)一批具有國際競爭力的創(chuàng)新型企業(yè)和新型研發(fā)機構。深入開展大眾創(chuàng)業(yè)、萬眾創(chuàng)新，實施普惠性支持政策，完善孵化體系。各類市場主體達到9800多萬戶，五年增加70％以上。國內(nèi)有效發(fā)明專利擁有量增加兩倍，技術交易額翻了一番。我國科技創(chuàng)新由跟跑為主轉向更多領域并跑、領跑，成為全球矚目的創(chuàng)新創(chuàng)業(yè)熱土。
Third, with a commitment to innovation-driven development, and a focus on unlocking public creativity, we have achieved a remarkable overall improvement in innovation capacity and efficiency.We have put into action the innovation-driven development strategy and worked to build a better ecosystem for innovation, giving shape to innovation involving multiple actors making across-the-board advances.Research institutes and universities now have greater say over their research; research projects and funding are better managed, and the way that rights and interests relating to scientific and technological advances are managed has undergone reform.We have moved forward with piloting comprehensive innovation reform, supported Beijing and Shanghai in building themselves into centers for scientific and technological innovation, and set up 14 new national innovation demonstration zones, thus creating a number of regional innovation hubs.We have boosted the development of a system for technological innovation in which enterprises are the main actors. China has seen the emergence of a number of world-class innovative enterprises and new kinds of R&D institutions.We have launched and taken bold moves in the nationwide business startup and innovation initiative, adopted supportive policies designed to benefit all entrepreneurs and innovators, and improved incubation systems.China’s market entities, all types included, now total over 98 million, an increase of more than 70 percent over the past five years. The number of in-force Chinese invention patents issued in China has tripled, and the volume of technology transactions has doubled. In the global race of scientific and technological innovation, China has shifted place, from following others to keeping pace and even leading the pack in more and more areas. Our country has become a globally recognized fertile ground for innovation and business ventures.

（四）堅持全面深化改革，著力破除體制機制弊端，發(fā)展動力不斷增強。國資國企改革扎實推進，公司制改革基本完成，兼并重組、壓減層級、提質(zhì)增效取得積極進展。國有企業(yè)效益明顯好轉，去年利潤增長23．5％。深化能源、鐵路、鹽業(yè)等領域改革。放寬非公有制經(jīng)濟市場準入。建立不動產(chǎn)統(tǒng)一登記制度。完善產(chǎn)權保護制度。財稅改革取得重大進展，全面推行財政預決算公開，構建以共享稅為主的中央和地方收入分配格局，啟動中央與地方財政事權和支出責任劃分改革，中央對地方一般性轉移支付規(guī)模大幅增加、專項轉移支付項目減少三分之二?；痉砰_利率管制，建立存款保險制度，推動大中型商業(yè)銀行設立普惠金融事業(yè)部，深化政策性、開發(fā)性金融機構改革，強化金融監(jiān)管協(xié)調(diào)機制。穩(wěn)步推進教育綜合改革，完善城鄉(xiāng)義務教育均衡發(fā)展促進機制，改革考試招生制度。建立統(tǒng)一的城鄉(xiāng)居民基本養(yǎng)老、醫(yī)療保險制度，實現(xiàn)機關事業(yè)單位和企業(yè)養(yǎng)老保險制度并軌。出臺劃轉部分國有資本充實社?；鸱桨?。實施醫(yī)療、醫(yī)保、醫(yī)藥聯(lián)動改革，全面推開公立醫(yī)院綜合改革，取消長期實行的藥品加成政策，藥品醫(yī)療器械審批制度改革取得突破。推進農(nóng)村承包地“三權”分置改革、確權面積超過80％，改革重要農(nóng)產(chǎn)品收儲制度。完善主體功能區(qū)制度，建立生態(tài)文明績效考評和責任追究制度，推行河長制、湖長制，開展省級以下環(huán)保機構垂直管理制度改革試點。各領域改革的深化，推動了經(jīng)濟社會持續(xù)健康發(fā)展。
Fourth, with a commitment to deepening reform across the board, we have taken major steps to remove institutional barriers, thus steadily boosting the driving forces powering development.Solid progress has been made in state capital and state-owned enterprise (SOE) reform; the reform to convert SOEs into standard companies has now basically been completed; and efforts to merge and restructure, reduce the organizational levels in, and improve the quality and efficiency of, SOEs have made good progress. The performance of SOEs has been much improved, with profits last year growing by 23.5 percent. We have deepened reform in sectors like energy, rail, and the salt industry.Market access to the non-public sector has been expanded. An integrated registration system for immovable property has been put in place, and the property rights protection system has been improved.Fiscal and tax reforms have made major progress. We have introduced the requirement nationwide for government budgets and final accounts to be released to the public, developed a system based mainly on tax sharing for dividing revenue between central and local government, launched the reform to define the respective financial powers and expenditure responsibilities of central and local government, and significantly scaled up general transfer payments from central to local government, while also cutting by two thirds the number of items for which special purpose transfer payments are made.We have largely lifted controls on interest rates, established a deposit insurance system, encouraged large and medium commercial banks to set up inclusive finance divisions, deepened the reform of policy-backed and development financial institutions, and strengthened the mechanisms for coordinating financial regulation.We have made steady progress in the comprehensive reform of education, improved the mechanisms for promoting more balanced development of urban and rural compulsory education, and reformed the examination and enrollment systems.We have established unified basic pension and health insurance schemes for rural and non-working urban residents, and brought government office and public institution pension schemes into line with enterprise schemes. We have unveiled a plan for the appropriation of a portion of state capital to replenish social security funds.We have carried out coordinated medical service, medical insurance, and pharmaceutical reforms. We have introduced comprehensive reform in all public hospitals, rescinded the longstanding policy of allowing hospitals to profit from higher priced medicine, and made breakthroughs in the reform of approval systems for medicine and medical devices.We have pursued reform to separate rural land ownership rights, contract rights, and use rights, and already seen over 80 percent of contracted rural land covered by this reform. We have reformed the system for purchasing and stockpiling important agricultural products.We have improved the functional zoning system, established performance evaluation and accountability systems for ecological conservation, and instituted the river chief and lake chief systems. We have piloted a system placing government environmental offices below the provincial level directly under the supervision of provincial-level environmental offices.The deepening of reform in each and every field has given a boost to sustained, healthy economic and social development.

（五）堅持對外開放的基本國策，著力實現(xiàn)合作共贏，開放型經(jīng)濟水平顯著提升。倡導和推動共建“一帶一路”，發(fā)起創(chuàng)辦亞投行，設立絲路基金，一批重大互聯(lián)互通、經(jīng)貿(mào)合作項目落地。在上海等省市設立11個自貿(mào)試驗區(qū)，一批改革試點成果向全國推廣。改革出口退稅負擔機制、退稅增量全部由中央財政負擔，設立13個跨境電商綜合試驗區(qū)，國際貿(mào)易“單一窗口”覆蓋全國，貨物通關時間平均縮短一半以上，進出口實現(xiàn)回穩(wěn)向好。外商投資由審批制轉向負面清單管理，限制性措施削減三分之二。外商投資結構優(yōu)化，高技術產(chǎn)業(yè)占比提高一倍。加大引智力度，來華工作的外國專家增加40％。引導對外投資健康發(fā)展。推進國際產(chǎn)能合作，高鐵、核電等裝備走向世界。新簽和升級8個自由貿(mào)易協(xié)定。滬港通、深港通、債券通相繼啟動，人民幣加入國際貨幣基金組織特別提款權貨幣籃子，人民幣國際化邁出重要步伐。中國開放的擴大，有力促進了自身發(fā)展，給世界帶來重大機遇。
Fifth, with a commitment to China’s fundamental policy of opening up, we have focused on promoting win-win cooperation, and significantly improved the performance of our country’s open economy.We have launched and worked with other countries in the Belt and Road Initiative. We initiated the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank, set up the Silk Road Fund, and launched a number of major connectivity and economic and trade cooperation initiatives.Pilot free trade zones have been established in Shanghai and 10 other provinces and cities. A number of successful outcomes from pilot reforms are now being applied nationwide.We have reformed the cost-sharing mechanism for export tax rebates, and the central government now pays the full sum of increases in export tax rebates. We have set up 13 comprehensive experimental zones for cross-border e-commerce. Single-window document processing for international trade has been applied nationwide, cutting the average time for customs clearance by over half. Imports and exports have rebounded and steadily grown.For foreign investment, we have replaced the approval system with a negative list model, and have cut restrictions by two thirds. The composition of foreign investment has improved, with investment in high-tech industries doubling. We have intensified efforts to attract talent, and the number of foreign experts working in China has grown by 40 percent.We have guided the healthy development of outbound investment. We have moved forward with international cooperation on production capacity; high-speed rail, nuclear power, and other types of Chinese equipment have entered international markets. We have signed or upgraded eight free trade agreements. We have launched the Shanghai-Hong Kong Stock Connect, the Shenzhen-Hong Kong Stock Connect, and the Bond Connect. The RMB was included in the IMF’s Special Drawing Rights basket, representing a major step forward in its internationalization.China has opened its doors wider to the world. This opening has played a powerful role in our own development, and it presents important opportunities for the rest of the world.

（六）堅持實施區(qū)域協(xié)調(diào)發(fā)展和新型城鎮(zhèn)化戰(zhàn)略，著力推動平衡發(fā)展，新的增長極增長帶加快成長。積極推進京津冀協(xié)同發(fā)展、長江經(jīng)濟帶發(fā)展，編制實施相關規(guī)劃，建設一批重點項目。出臺一系列促進西部開發(fā)、東北振興、中部崛起、東部率先發(fā)展的改革創(chuàng)新舉措。加大對革命老區(qū)、民族地區(qū)、邊疆地區(qū)、貧困地區(qū)扶持力度，加強援藏援疆援青工作。海洋保護和開發(fā)有序推進。實施重點城市群規(guī)劃，促進大中小城市和小城鎮(zhèn)協(xié)調(diào)發(fā)展。絕大多數(shù)城市放寬落戶限制，居住證制度全面實施，城鎮(zhèn)基本公共服務向常住人口覆蓋。城鄉(xiāng)區(qū)域發(fā)展協(xié)調(diào)性顯著增強。
Sixth, with a commitment to implementing the coordinated regional development and new urbanization strategies, we have promoted more balanced development, and seen new growth poles and belts developing faster.We have actively pursued the coordinated development of Beijing, Tianjin, and Hebei, and the development of the Yangtze Economic Belt, drawn up and implemented related plans, and undertaken a number of key projects. We have unveiled a whole series of reforms and innovative measures to see the western region develop, northeast China revitalized, the central region rise, and the eastern region spearhead development. We have stepped up support for old revolutionary base areas, areas with large ethnic minority populations, border areas, and poor areas, and strengthened work to support Tibet, Xinjiang, and Qinghai. We have steadily moved forward with protecting and developing maritime resources.We have implemented plans for developing major city clusters, and pursued more balanced development of small, medium, and large cities, and small towns. The vast majority of cities in China have eased restrictions on permanent residency. A residence card system has been put into effect nationwide, and basic urban public services now cover all permanent residents. Development between urban and rural areas and between regions has become better coordinated.

（七）堅持以人民為中心的發(fā)展思想，著力保障和改善民生，人民群眾獲得感不斷增強。在財力緊張情況下，持續(xù)加大民生投入。全面推進精準扶貧、精準脫貧，健全中央統(tǒng)籌、省負總責、市縣抓落實的工作機制，中央財政五年投入專項扶貧資金2800多億元。實施積極的就業(yè)政策，重點群體就業(yè)得到較好保障。堅持教育優(yōu)先發(fā)展，財政性教育經(jīng)費占國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值比例持續(xù)超過4％。改善農(nóng)村義務教育薄弱學校辦學條件，提高鄉(xiāng)村教師待遇，營養(yǎng)改善計劃惠及3600多萬農(nóng)村學生。啟動世界一流大學和一流學科建設。重點高校專項招收農(nóng)村和貧困地區(qū)學生人數(shù)由1萬人增加到10萬人。加大對各類學校家庭困難學生資助力度，4．3億人次受益。勞動年齡人口平均受教育年限提高到10．5年。居民基本醫(yī)保人均財政補助標準由240元提高到450元，大病保險制度基本建立、已有1700多萬人次受益，異地就醫(yī)住院費用實現(xiàn)直接結算，分級診療和醫(yī)聯(lián)體建設加快推進。持續(xù)合理提高退休人員基本養(yǎng)老金。提高低保、優(yōu)撫等標準，完善社會救助制度，近6000萬低保人員和特困群眾基本生活得到保障。建立困難和重度殘疾人“兩項補貼”制度，惠及2100多萬人。實施全面兩孩政策。強化基層公共文化服務，加快發(fā)展文化事業(yè)，文化產(chǎn)業(yè)年均增長13％以上。全民健身廣泛開展，體育健兒勇創(chuàng)佳績。
Seventh, with a commitment to a people-centered development philosophy, we have endeavored to ensure and improve living standards, and the people are increasingly feeling the benefit.Despite fiscal constraints, we have consistently increased spending on improving people’s living standards. We have made comprehensive moves in targeted poverty reduction and alleviation, and built a robust working mechanism with central government responsible for overall planning, provincial-level governments assuming overall responsibility, and city and county governments responsible for program implementation. Over the past five years, the central government has appropriated over 280 billion yuan to fund poverty reduction.We have implemented a proactive employment policy and ensured that key target groups have better access to employment.We have been committed to prioritizing the development of education; and government spending on education has remained above four percent of GDP. In rural areas, we have improved conditions in badly built and poorly operated schools providing compulsory education, and increased the pay packages of teachers, and our Better Nutrition Plan has benefited more than 36 million students. We have launched an initiative to build world-class universities and world-class disciplines. The number of students from rural and poor areas enrolled in key universities through special programs has grown from 10,000 to 100,000. We have increased financial aid to students from families in financial difficulty studying in all types of schools, giving out 430 million grants in total. The average length of schooling of the working-age population has been raised to 10.5 years.Government subsidies for basic medical insurance schemes have been increased from 240 to 450 yuan per person; the serious disease insurance system is basically in place, and has already benefited more than 17 million people; the costs of hospitalization can now be settled where incurred; and the development of tiered medical diagnosis and treatment and healthcare consortiums has picked up pace.We have consistently made appropriate increases to basic old-age pensions for retirees. We have raised subsistence allowances, benefits for entitled groups, and other allowances, and improved the social assistance system, ensuring the livelihoods of close to 60 million people on subsistence allowances or living in extreme poverty. We have put in place a system to provide living allowances for people with disabilities in financial difficulty and nursing care subsidies for people with serious disabilities, a system that has benefited over 21 million people. All couples can now have two children.We have strengthened public cultural services at the community level, moved faster to develop cultural programs, and seen the cultural industry grow at an average annual rate of over 13 percent. We have carried out Fitness-for-All programs, which are now in full swing; and Chinese athletes have excelled in competition.

（八）堅持人與自然和諧發(fā)展，著力治理環(huán)境污染，生態(tài)文明建設取得明顯成效。樹立綠水青山就是金山銀山理念，以前所未有的決心和力度加強生態(tài)環(huán)境保護。重拳整治大氣污染，重點地區(qū)細顆粒物（PM2．5）平均濃度下降30％以上。加強散煤治理，推進重點行業(yè)節(jié)能減排，71％的煤電機組實現(xiàn)超低排放。優(yōu)化能源結構，煤炭消費比重下降8．1個百分點，清潔能源消費比重提高6．3個百分點。提高燃油品質(zhì)，淘汰黃標車和老舊車2000多萬輛。加強重點流域海域水污染防治，化肥農(nóng)藥使用量實現(xiàn)零增長。推進重大生態(tài)保護和修復工程，擴大退耕還林還草還濕，加強荒漠化、石漠化、水土流失綜合治理。開展中央環(huán)保督察，嚴肅查處違法案件，強化追責問責。積極推動《巴黎協(xié)定》簽署生效，我國在應對全球氣候變化中發(fā)揮了重要作用。
Eighth, with a commitment to achieving harmony between human and nature, we have taken major steps to address pollution, and achieved notable progress in ecological conservation.We have established the notion that lucid waters and lush mountains are invaluable assets and acted with resolve and intensity as never before to strengthen environmental protection.We have struck out hard against air pollution, thus achieving a drop of over 30 percent in the average density of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) in key areas. We have done more to reduce the use of low quality coal, pushed for progress in energy conservation and emission reductions in key industries, and seen 71 percent of coal-fired power plants achieving ultra-low emissions. We have improved the energy mix, cutting the share of coal consumption by 8.1 percentage points and increasing the share of clean energy consumption by 6.3 percentage points. We have improved fuel quality, and taken over 20 million high-emission and old vehicles off the roads.We have strengthened prevention and control measures against water pollution in key drainage basins and sea areas, and achieved zero growth in chemical fertilizer and pesticide use. We have pursued major ecological conservation and restoration projects, expanded the coverage of initiatives to turn marginal farmland into forest, grassland, and wetlands, and intensified comprehensive efforts to curb desertification, rock desertification, and soil erosion.We have launched central government inspections on environmental protection, investigated and prosecuted cases involving legal violations, and strengthened accountability. We worked toward and saw that the Paris Agreement was put into force; China has played an important role in responding to global climate change.

（九）堅持依法全面履行政府職能，著力加強和創(chuàng)新社會治理，社會保持和諧穩(wěn)定。提請全國人大常委會制定修訂法律95部，制定修訂行政法規(guī)195部，修改廢止一大批部門規(guī)章。省、市、縣政府部門制定公布權責清單。開展國務院大督查和專項督查，對積極作為、成效突出的給予表彰和政策激勵，對不作為的嚴肅問責。創(chuàng)新城鄉(xiāng)基層治理。完善信訪工作制度。擴大法律援助范圍。促進安全生產(chǎn)領域改革發(fā)展，事故總量和重特大事故數(shù)量持續(xù)下降。改革完善食品藥品監(jiān)管，強化風險全程管控。加強地震、特大洪災等防災減災救災工作，健全分級負責、相互協(xié)同的應急機制，最大程度降低了災害損失。加強國家安全。健全社會治安防控體系，依法打擊各類違法犯罪，有力維護了公共安全。
Ninth, with a commitment to fully performing government functions in accordance with law, we have focused on enhancing and making innovations in social governance, and ensured social harmony and stability.We have submitted proposals to the NPC Standing Committee on formulating or revising 95 laws, formulated or revised 195 sets of administrative regulations, and revised or rescinded a large number of government department regulations. Lists of powers and obligations have been formulated and released by provincial, city, and county government departments. We have introduced State Council accountability inspections and special inspections, and commended and created policy incentives for those working proactively and doing an outstanding job, while holding strictly to account those failing to fulfill their duties.We have been making innovations in urban and rural primary level governance. The system for handling public complaints has been improved. The coverage of legal aid has been expanded. We have promoted reform and improvements in workplace safety, and seen a continued drop in both the total number of accidents and the number of serious and major accidents. We have reformed and improved food and drug regulation and strengthened risk control over all related processes.We have strengthened work on preventing, reducing, and providing relief for disasters, including earthquakes and serious flooding, and built stronger emergency response mechanisms employing a division of responsibilities between levels and close coordination. With this we have minimized the damage and loss inflicted by disasters to the greatest possible extent.China’s national security is better safeguarded. We have improved the crime prevention and control system, worked in accordance with law to hit back against all types of crime and illegal behavior, and effectively safeguarded public security.

貫徹落實黨中央全面從嚴治黨部署，加強黨風廉政建設和反腐敗斗爭。深入開展黨的群眾路線教育實踐活動、“三嚴三實”專題教育、“兩學一做”學習教育，認真落實黨中央八項規(guī)定精神，持之以恒糾正“四風”，嚴格執(zhí)行國務院“約法三章”。嚴控新建政府性樓堂館所和財政供養(yǎng)人員總量，“三公”經(jīng)費大幅壓減。加強行政監(jiān)察和審計監(jiān)督。堅決查處和糾正違法違規(guī)行為，嚴厲懲處腐敗分子，反腐敗斗爭壓倒性態(tài)勢已經(jīng)形成并鞏固發(fā)展。
We have implemented the Party Central Committee’s decisions on exercising full and strict Party self-governance and done more to improve Party conduct, build a clean government, and fight corruption. We have taken extensive action in raising awareness of and putting into practice the Party’s mass line, in the Three Stricts and Three Earnests campaign, and in the drive to see that Party members develop a good understanding of the Party Constitution, Party regulations, and General Secretary Xi Jinping’s major policy addresses and live up to Party standards. We have worked hard to ensure compliance with the Central Committee’s eight-point decision on improving conduct and staying engaged with the people and worked nonstop to address the practice of formalities for formalities’ sake, bureaucratism, hedonism, and extravagance. We have strictly enforced the three-point State Council decision on curbing government spending.We have enforced strict controls over the construction of new government buildings and over the total number of people on the government payroll; and spending on official overseas visits, official vehicles, and official hospitality has been significantly reduced.We have strengthened government supervision and auditing-based oversight. We have taken strong steps to investigate, prosecute, and address violations of laws and regulations and severely punished those who have committed corruption. This anti-corruption campaign has built into a crushing tide, and is being consolidated and developed.

各位代表！
Fellow Deputies,

過去五年，民族、宗教、僑務等工作創(chuàng)新推進。支持民族地區(qū)加快發(fā)展，民族團結進步事業(yè)取得長足進展。積極引導宗教與社會主義社會相適應。海外僑胞和歸僑僑眷在國家現(xiàn)代化建設中作出了獨特貢獻。
Over the past five years, we have made new improvements in work related to ethnic groups, religion, and overseas Chinese nationals. We have supported faster development in areas with large ethnic minority populations, and have seen efforts to promote ethnic unity and progress truly paying off. We have actively guided religions in adapting to socialist society. Overseas Chinese nationals, Chinese nationals who have returned from overseas, and the relatives of overseas Chinese nationals who reside in China have made their own unique contributions to the country’s modernization.

過去五年，在黨中央、中央軍委領導下，強軍興軍開創(chuàng)新局面。制定新形勢下軍事戰(zhàn)略方針，召開古田全軍政治工作會議，深入推進政治建軍、改革強軍、科技興軍、依法治軍，人民軍隊實現(xiàn)政治生態(tài)重塑、組織形態(tài)重塑、力量體系重塑、作風形象重塑。有效遂行海上維權、反恐維穩(wěn)、搶險救災、國際維和、亞丁灣護航、人道主義救援等重大任務。各方配合基本完成裁減軍隊員額30萬任務。軍事裝備現(xiàn)代化水平顯著提升，軍民融合深度發(fā)展。軍政軍民緊密團結。人民軍隊面貌煥然一新，在中國特色強軍之路上邁出堅實步伐。
Over the past five years, under the leadership of the Party Central Committee and the Central Military Commission, we have embarked on a new stage in strengthening and energizing the armed forces. We have developed a military strategy for new conditions; convened the Gutian military political work meeting; and taken extensive steps to see that the armed forces are built on political loyalty, strengthened through reform and technology, and run in accordance with law. As a result, our people’s armed forces have achieved a remodeling of their political ecosystem, of the way they are organized, of the structure of their forces, and of their conduct and image.We have undertaken major missions involving the protection of maritime rights, countering terrorism and maintaining stability, disaster rescue and relief, international peacekeeping, escort services in the Gulf of Aden, and humanitarian rescue. With the cooperation of all involved, we have basically completed the task of reducing military personnel by 300,000. Military equipment has been significantly modernized and military-civilian integration has been deepened. We have seen closer unity between the military and government and between the military and the people. The people’s armed forces, full of new drive, have taken solid strides toward building themselves into a powerful military with Chinese characteristics.

過去五年，港澳臺工作取得新進展?！耙粐鴥芍啤睂嵺`不斷豐富和發(fā)展，憲法和基本法權威在港澳進一步彰顯，內(nèi)地與港澳交流合作深入推進，港珠澳大橋全線貫通，香港、澳門保持繁榮穩(wěn)定。堅持一個中國原則和“九二共識”，加強兩岸經(jīng)濟文化交流合作，實現(xiàn)兩岸領導人歷史性會晤。堅決反對和遏制“臺獨”分裂勢力，有力維護了臺海和平穩(wěn)定。
Over the past five years, fresh progress has been made in work related to Hong Kong, Macao, and Taiwan. The practice of “one country, two systems” has been consistently enriched and developed; the authority of China’s Constitution and the basic laws has become more evident in Hong Kong and Macao. Exchanges and cooperation between the mainland and Hong Kong and Macao have been steadily enhanced; the construction of the Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge has been completed, and Hong Kong and Macao have thrived and remained stable.We have upheld the one-China principle and the 1992 Consensus, strengthened cross-Strait economic and cultural exchanges and cooperation, and held a historic meeting between the leaders of the two sides. We have resolutely opposed and deterred separatist forces advocating Taiwan independence, firmly safeguarding peace and stability in the Taiwan Strait.

過去五年，中國特色大國外交全面推進。成功舉辦首屆“一帶一路”國際合作高峰論壇、亞太經(jīng)濟合作組織領導人非正式會議、二十國集團領導人杭州峰會、金磚國家領導人廈門會晤等重大主場外交。習近平主席等國家領導人出訪多國，出席聯(lián)合國系列峰會、氣候變化大會、世界經(jīng)濟論壇、東亞合作領導人系列會議等重大活動，全方位外交布局深入展開。倡導構建人類命運共同體，為全球治理體系變革貢獻更多中國智慧。經(jīng)濟外交、人文交流卓有成效。堅定維護國家主權和海洋權益。中國作為負責任大國，在解決國際和地區(qū)熱點問題上發(fā)揮了重要建設性作用，為世界和平與發(fā)展作出新的重大貢獻。
Over the past five years, we have pursued distinctively Chinese major country diplomacy on all fronts. We successfully hosted the first Belt and Road Forum for International Cooperation, the 22nd APEC Economic Leaders Meeting, the G20 Hangzhou Summit, the BRICS Xiamen Summit, and other major diplomatic events in China.President Xi Jinping and other Chinese leaders have visited many countries and attended major events including the United Nations summits, the Climate Change Conferences, World Economic Forum meetings, and the East Asian Leaders Meetings on Cooperation. China’s diplomatic agenda has been further advanced on every front.China has called for building a community with a shared future for humanity and has contributed more Chinese ideas to the reform of the global governance system. Notable achievements have been made in our country’s economic diplomacy and people-to-people and cultural exchanges. We have been resolute in upholding China’s sovereignty and maritime rights and interests. As a responsible major country, China has played a constructive role in addressing international and regional hotspot issues, thus making significant new contributions to global peace and development.

各位代表！
Fellow Deputies,

回顧過去五年，諸多矛盾交織疊加，各種風險挑戰(zhàn)接踵而至，國內(nèi)外很多情況是改革開放以來沒有碰到過的，我國改革發(fā)展成就實屬來之不易。這是以習近平同志為核心的黨中央堅強領導的結果，是習近平新時代中國特色社會主義思想科學指引的結果，是全黨全軍全國各族人民團結奮斗的結果。我代表國務院，向全國各族人民，向各民主黨派、各人民團體和各界人士，表示誠摯感謝！向香港特別行政區(qū)同胞、澳門特別行政區(qū)同胞、臺灣同胞和海外僑胞，表示誠摯感謝！向關心和支持中國現(xiàn)代化建設的各國政府、國際組織和各國朋友，表示誠摯感謝！
Looking back on the past five years, we have encountered a great many interwoven problems and a stream of risks and challenges. Both at home and abroad, there have been many new developments, developments that we have not faced since reform and opening up began. The achievements we have made in China’s reform and development have certainly not come easily. We owe them to the strong leadership of the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core, to the sound guidance of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era, and to the concerted efforts of the Party, the military, and the people of all our nation’s ethnic groups.On behalf of the State Council, I wish to express sincere thanks to the people of all our ethnic groups, and to all other political parties, people’s organizations, and public figures from all sectors of society. I express our sincere appreciation to our fellow countrymen and women in the Hong Kong and Macao special administrative regions, in Taiwan, and overseas. I also wish to express our sincere thanks to the governments of other countries, international organizations, and friends from all over the world who have shown understanding and support for China in its endeavor to modernize.

安不忘危，興不忘憂。我們清醒認識到，我國仍處于并將長期處于社會主義初級階段，仍是世界最大發(fā)展中國家，發(fā)展不平衡不充分的一些突出問題尚未解決。經(jīng)濟增長內(nèi)生動力還不夠足，創(chuàng)新能力還不夠強，發(fā)展質(zhì)量和效益不夠高，一些企業(yè)特別是中小企業(yè)經(jīng)營困難，民間投資增勢疲弱，部分地區(qū)經(jīng)濟下行壓力較大，金融等領域風險隱患不容忽視。脫貧攻堅任務艱巨，農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村基礎仍然薄弱，城鄉(xiāng)區(qū)域發(fā)展和收入分配差距依然較大。重特大安全生產(chǎn)事故時有發(fā)生。在空氣質(zhì)量、環(huán)境衛(wèi)生、食品藥品安全和住房、教育、醫(yī)療、就業(yè)、養(yǎng)老等方面，群眾還有不少不滿意的地方。政府職能轉變還不到位。政府工作存在不足，有些改革舉措和政策落實不力，一些干部服務意識和法治意識不強、工作作風不實、擔當精神不夠，形式主義、官僚主義不同程度存在。群眾和企業(yè)對辦事難、亂收費意見較多。一些領域不正之風和腐敗問題仍然多發(fā)。我們一定要以對國家和人民高度負責的精神，以不畏艱難的勇氣、堅忍不拔的意志，盡心竭力做好工作，使人民政府不負人民重托！
As the Chinese saying goes, when all is calm forget not danger; when all is well be awake to woes. We are keenly aware that China is still in the primary stage of socialism and will remain so for a long time to come, that it remains the largest developing country in the world, and that it faces a number of acute problems caused by unbalanced and inadequate development that so far remain unsolved.The internal forces powering economic growth are not yet sufficient, China’s ability to innovate needs to be stronger, and the quality and performance of development need to be improved. Some enterprises, particularly small and medium ones, are finding it tough going. Growth in private investment is weak; some regions still face considerable downward economic pressure, and risks and potential dangers in the financial and other sectors are not to be ignored.Poverty alleviation remains a formidable task; the foundations of agriculture and rural infrastructure remain weak, and the disparities in development between rural and urban areas, between regions, and in income distribution remain substantial. Serious and major workplace accidents happen all too often. People still have a lot of complaints about air quality, environmental sanitation, food and drug safety, housing, education, healthcare, employment, and elderly care.The transformation of government functions is not yet where it should be. In the work of government there are areas where we fall short. Some reform measures and policies have not been fully implemented. Some officials are weak on awareness that they are there to serve and must uphold the rule of law, and some lack commitment to their work and willingness to bear the weight of responsibility. Bureaucratism and the practice of formalities for formalities’ sake exist to varying degrees. There are many complaints from the people and the business sector about the difficulty of accessing government services and the excessive array of charges. In some sectors misconduct and corruption are still a common problem.With a deep sense of responsibility to our country and people, with courage in the face of adversity, and with determination that won’t be broken, we must give our work all we’ve got, to make sure that the people’s government does not let the people down.