四、保持高水平安全
IV. Maintaining High-Level Safety

中國(guó)長(zhǎng)期保持良好的核安全記錄，核電安全運(yùn)營(yíng)指標(biāo)居世界前列，核技術(shù)利用安全水平不斷提升，核材料管控有力，公眾健康和環(huán)境安全得到充分保障。2000年、2004年、2010年和2016年，國(guó)際原子能機(jī)構(gòu)對(duì)中國(guó)開(kāi)展了4次核與輻射安全監(jiān)管綜合評(píng)估，充分肯定中國(guó)核安全監(jiān)管的良好實(shí)踐和經(jīng)驗(yàn)做法。
China has maintained a good nuclear safety record for a long time – it ranks among the highest of all countries in terms of nuclear power safety operation indicators. Its safety level in the use of nuclear technology continues to improve, its nuclear material control is strong, and public health and environmental safety are fully guaranteed. In 2000, 2004, 2010 and 2016, the International Atomic Energy Agency conducted four comprehensive reviews of China’s nuclear and radiation safety regulation, giving full recognition to China’s good practices and experiences.

核電發(fā)展安全高效。中國(guó)堅(jiān)持采用最先進(jìn)的技術(shù)、最嚴(yán)格的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)發(fā)展核電，按照多重屏障、縱深防御的理念，嚴(yán)格管理核設(shè)施選址、設(shè)計(jì)、建造、運(yùn)行、退役等全生命周期活動(dòng)，確保穩(wěn)妥可靠、萬(wàn)無(wú)一失。1985年，中國(guó)大陸開(kāi)工建設(shè)第一座核電廠——秦山核電廠以來(lái)，核電廠建設(shè)采用安全可靠的反應(yīng)堆技術(shù)，并汲取國(guó)外重大核事故的經(jīng)驗(yàn)教訓(xùn)進(jìn)行安全改進(jìn)，機(jī)組安全性能更有保障。經(jīng)過(guò)30多年發(fā)展，中國(guó)核電實(shí)現(xiàn)了自主設(shè)計(jì)、建造和運(yùn)營(yíng)，進(jìn)入安全高效發(fā)展的新階段。在全球率先建設(shè)運(yùn)行百萬(wàn)千瓦級(jí)非能動(dòng)先進(jìn)壓水堆（AP1000）和歐洲先進(jìn)壓水堆（EPR）機(jī)組。自主研發(fā)“華龍一號(hào)”核電機(jī)組，設(shè)計(jì)安全水平居世界前列，示范工程建設(shè)高質(zhì)量推進(jìn)，成為核電走出去的“中國(guó)名片”。截至2019年6月，中國(guó)運(yùn)行核電機(jī)組47臺(tái)，居世界第三；在建核電機(jī)組11臺(tái)，居世界第一。核電機(jī)組性能指標(biāo)總體處于良好水平，截至2019年6月，已安全穩(wěn)定運(yùn)行累計(jì)300余堆年，未發(fā)生過(guò)國(guó)際核與放射事件分級(jí)表（INES）2級(jí)及以上的事件或事故，且0級(jí)偏差和1級(jí)異常事件發(fā)生率呈下降趨勢(shì)。在近年世界核電運(yùn)營(yíng)者協(xié)會(huì)（WANO）同類機(jī)組綜合排名中，80%以上指標(biāo)優(yōu)于世界中值水平，70%以上指標(biāo)達(dá)到世界先進(jìn)值。2018年，12臺(tái)運(yùn)行機(jī)組WANO綜合指數(shù)滿分，世界領(lǐng)先。
Safe and efficient nuclear power development. In accordance with the concept of multiple protective barriers and defense-in-depth, and with the aim of ensuring that they are completely safe and reliable, China uses the most advanced technology and the most stringent standards for the development of nuclear power, and strictly manages the entire life cycle of nuclear facilities from siting, design, construction, and operation to decommissioning. Since 1985, when the first nuclear power plant on the Chinese mainland, the Qinshan Nuclear Power Plant, began construction, China has adopted safe and reliable reactor technology, and learned from the experiences and lessons of major nuclear accidents abroad to make safety improvements. The safety performance of the units is better guaranteed. After more than 30 years, China has achieved independent design, construction and operational capability in nuclear power, and entered a new stage of safe and efficient development. China took the lead in the construction and operation of the GW-class pressurized water reactor, AP1000, using advanced passive safety systems, and the European advanced pressurized water reactor, EPR. The Hualong-1 nuclear reactor, a product of independent research and development, ranks among the highest in the world in terms of safety design. Construction of the demonstration project is being carried out in accordance with the highest quality standards, making the Hualong-1 a highlight of China’s “going global” strategy. By June 2019, China had 47 nuclear power units in operation, ranking third in the world, and 11 nuclear power units under construction, ranking first in the world. The performance indicators of nuclear power units are generally good. By June 2019, the industry had operated safely and stably for more than 300 reactor-years, and there had been no incidents or accidents at or above Level 2 under the International Nuclear and Radiological Event Scale (INES). The incidence of Level 0 deviations and Level 1 anomalies had also decreased. In the comprehensive ranking of similar units of the World Association of Nuclear Operators (WANO) in recent years, operating units in China have performed above the world median for more than 80 percent of the indicators, and have reached the world advanced level for more than 70 percent of the indicators. In 2018, China led the world with 12 operating units achieving full marks in WANO composite index.

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重要核設(shè)施安全運(yùn)行。堅(jiān)持立足自身，積極借鑒國(guó)際先進(jìn)經(jīng)驗(yàn)，研發(fā)設(shè)計(jì)高溫氣冷堆、快中子增殖堆、小型核動(dòng)力堆、熔鹽堆、嬗變裝置等研究性反應(yīng)堆，19座在役民用研究堆和臨界裝置保持安全穩(wěn)定運(yùn)行。實(shí)行核燃料閉式循環(huán)戰(zhàn)略，逐步建立起包括鈾礦冶、鈾轉(zhuǎn)化、鈾濃縮、核燃料元件加工、乏燃料后處理和放射性廢物處理處置等完整的核燃料循環(huán)體系，全國(guó)18座民用核燃料循環(huán)設(shè)施、2座低中水平放射性固體廢物處置場(chǎng)保持良好安全記錄。
Safe operation of other key nuclear facilities. Based on its own strength and drawing on advanced international experience, China has designed and developed research reactors such as high-temperature gas-cooled reactors, fast reactors, small nuclear power reactors, molten salt reactors, and transmutation devices. Nineteen operating civil research reactors and critical assemblies maintain safe and stable operation. We have implemented the strategy of a closed nuclear fuel cycle and gradually established a complete nuclear fuel cycle system, including uranium mining and metallurgy, uranium conversion, uranium enrichment, processing of nuclear fuel elements, spent fuel reprocessing, and treatment and disposal of radioactive waste. Eighteen civil nuclear fuel cycle facilities and two low- and intermediate-level radioactive solid waste disposal sites have a good safety record.

放射性廢物分類安全處置。推行放射性廢物分類處置，低中水平放射性廢物在符合核安全要求的場(chǎng)所實(shí)行近地表或中等深度處置，高水平放射性廢物實(shí)行集中深地質(zhì)處置。核設(shè)施營(yíng)運(yùn)單位、放射性廢物處理處置單位依法對(duì)放射性廢物進(jìn)行減量化、無(wú)害化處理處置，確保永久安全。各省、自治區(qū)、直轄市全部建成城市放射性廢物庫(kù)，集中貯存并妥善處置核技術(shù)利用放射性廢物。推進(jìn)乏燃料安全貯存處理，加快放射性廢物處理處置能力建設(shè)，持續(xù)實(shí)施已關(guān)停鈾礦冶設(shè)施的退役治理和環(huán)境恢復(fù)，規(guī)范鈾礦冶廢石、廢水、尾礦（渣）的環(huán)境管理，確保輻射環(huán)境安全。
Classification and safe disposal of radioactive waste. China implements radioactive waste classification: near-surface or medium-depth disposal of low- and intermediate-level radioactive waste in locations that meet the requirements of nuclear safety, and deep geological disposal of high-level radioactive waste in centralized locations. To ensure permanent safety, nuclear facility operating organizations and radioactive waste disposal organizations carry out minimization and decontamination of radioactive waste in accordance with the law. All provinces and equivalent administrative units have built urban radioactive waste repositories for centralized storage and proper disposal of radioactive waste produced by nuclear technology. We will continue to promote the safe storage and treatment of spent fuel, enhance our capacity in the treatment and disposal of radioactive waste, carry out the decommissioning and environmental restoration of uranium mining and metallurgical facilities, and standardize the environmental management of waste rock, waste water, tailings and slag in uranium mining and metallurgy, so as to ensure that radiation is maintained at safe levels.

核技術(shù)利用安全水平大幅提升。對(duì)放射源實(shí)行從“搖籃”到“墳?zāi)埂钡娜^(guò)程動(dòng)態(tài)管理，將所有涉源單位納入政府監(jiān)管范圍，建立國(guó)家核技術(shù)利用管理數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)，實(shí)施放射源安全提升行動(dòng)，實(shí)現(xiàn)高風(fēng)險(xiǎn)移動(dòng)源在線實(shí)時(shí)監(jiān)控，提高核技術(shù)利用安全水平。截至2019年6月，中國(guó)在用放射源142607枚，各類射線裝置181293臺(tái)（套），從事生產(chǎn)、銷售、使用放射性同位素和射線裝置的單位共73070家，放射源和射線裝置100%納入許可管理，廢舊放射源100%安全收貯。放射源輻射事故年發(fā)生率持續(xù)降低，由20世紀(jì)90年代的每萬(wàn)枚6.2起降至目前的每萬(wàn)枚1.0起以下，達(dá)到歷史最低水平。
Markedly improved safety in the use of nuclear technology. China
implements dynamic management of radioactive sources from cradle
to grave, and brings all source-related units into the scope of government regulation. We have established a national database for the management of nuclear technology utilization, taken measures to enhance the safety of radioactive sources, realized the real-time online monitoring of high-risk mobile sources, and improved the safety level of nuclear technology utilization. As of June 2019, 142,607 radioactive sources and 181,293 radiation-emitting devices were in use in China, and a total of 73,070 units were engaged in the production, sale and use of radioisotopes and radiation-emitting devices. One hundred percent of radioactive sources and radiation-emitting devices are subject to licensing management, and 100 percent of waste radioactive sources are safely stored. The annual incidence of radiation accidents from radioactive sources has continued to decline, from 6.2 per 10,000 sources in the 1990s to less than 1.0 per 10,000 sources at present, the lowest level in history.

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核安保水平持續(xù)提升。把核安保作為保障核安全的重要屏障，按照最嚴(yán)格標(biāo)準(zhǔn)對(duì)核材料實(shí)施管制。核電廠、核燃料循環(huán)設(shè)施和放射源安保系統(tǒng)符合國(guó)際標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，規(guī)章制度健全完備，防擴(kuò)散、反核恐怖機(jī)制日益完善。按照國(guó)際最新標(biāo)準(zhǔn)開(kāi)展新建核設(shè)施的核安保系統(tǒng)建設(shè)，投入數(shù)十億元專項(xiàng)資金改造升級(jí)原有核設(shè)施安保系統(tǒng)，安全防范能力大幅加強(qiáng)。迄今為止，未發(fā)生核材料被盜、丟失或非法使用事件，做到了核材料“一克不丟、一件不少”。
Upgraded nuclear security. China regards nuclear security as an important protective screen for nuclear safety and controls nuclear materials in accordance with the strictest standards. Nuclear power plants, nuclear fuel cycle facilities, and radioactive source security systems are in line with international standards. The rules and regulations are sound and complete, and the mechanisms for non-proliferation and nuclear terrorism prevention are improving. We are building a nuclear security system for new nuclear facilities in accordance with the latest international standards, and have invested billions of yuan in special funds to upgrade the security system of the original nuclear facilities, thus greatly strengthening our prevention capabilities. To date there have been no incidents of theft, loss or illegal use of nuclear materials.

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輻射環(huán)境質(zhì)量保持良好。中國(guó)輻射環(huán)境監(jiān)測(cè)數(shù)據(jù)顯示，全國(guó)范圍內(nèi)輻射環(huán)境質(zhì)量良好，處于天然環(huán)境輻射水平范圍內(nèi)，人工放射性核素活度濃度未見(jiàn)異常。位于核設(shè)施、核技術(shù)利用項(xiàng)目周邊的監(jiān)督性監(jiān)測(cè)數(shù)據(jù)顯示，全國(guó)核設(shè)施、核技術(shù)利用項(xiàng)目周圍環(huán)境輻射水平與建設(shè)前相比沒(méi)有明顯變化，公眾個(gè)人劑量遠(yuǎn)低于國(guó)家限值，公眾健康和環(huán)境安全得到充分保障。
Good radiation environment quality. The radiation environment monitoring data in China show that the radiation environment quality across the country is within the range of natural environmental radiation, and the activity concentration levels of artificial radionuclides are normal. Surveillance monitoring data show that radiation in the environment around national nuclear facilities and nuclear technology utilization projects has not changed significantly compared with the level prior to construction, and the individual public dose is far lower than the national limit. Public health and environmental safety are fully guaranteed.

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五、營(yíng)造共建共享的核安全氛圍
V. Co-building and Sharing Nuclear Safety

有效保障核安全，人的因素最為重要。中國(guó)堅(jiān)持不懈加強(qiáng)核安全文化建設(shè)，建立中央督導(dǎo)、地方主導(dǎo)、企業(yè)作為、公眾參與的核安全公眾溝通機(jī)制，規(guī)范和引導(dǎo)從業(yè)人員的思想行為，發(fā)動(dòng)社會(huì)公眾廣泛參與，營(yíng)造人人有責(zé)、人人參與，全行業(yè)全社會(huì)共同維護(hù)核安全的良好氛圍。
Human factors are the most important in effectively ensuring nuclear safety. China is committed to strengthening nuclear safety culture. It has established a public communication mechanism for nuclear safety that combines supervision by the central government, guidance by local governments, implementation by enterprises, and participation of the public. It regulates and guides the professional attitude and conduct, and encourages extensive public participation. It has created a positive atmosphere in which everyone shoulders responsibility, everyone participates, and the whole industry and society work together to safeguard nuclear safety.

政府引領(lǐng)推動(dòng)。政府部門有效發(fā)揮政策引導(dǎo)和監(jiān)督作用，大力倡導(dǎo)“核安全事業(yè)高于一切，核安全責(zé)任重于泰山，嚴(yán)慎細(xì)實(shí)規(guī)范監(jiān)管，團(tuán)結(jié)協(xié)作不斷進(jìn)取”的核安全精神。積極培育和發(fā)展核安全文化，通過(guò)思想教育、制度規(guī)范、環(huán)境熏陶等方式，將法治意識(shí)、憂患意識(shí)、自律意識(shí)、協(xié)作意識(shí)的核心價(jià)值觀，貫穿到從業(yè)人員的思想和行動(dòng)中，充分調(diào)動(dòng)和激發(fā)人的積極因素。發(fā)布《核安全文化政策聲明》，開(kāi)展核安全文化宣傳貫徹推進(jìn)專項(xiàng)行動(dòng)，建立核安全文化評(píng)估機(jī)制，讓核安全文化內(nèi)化于心、外化于行，轉(zhuǎn)化為從業(yè)人員的自覺(jué)行動(dòng)。依法加強(qiáng)政務(wù)公開(kāi)，建立新聞發(fā)言人制度和媒體定期座談交流制度，開(kāi)展核安全重大政策信息解讀，及時(shí)發(fā)布許可審批、監(jiān)督執(zhí)法、總體安全狀況、輻射環(huán)境質(zhì)量、事故事件等權(quán)威信息，增強(qiáng)政府工作透明度，保障公眾知情權(quán)、參與權(quán)、監(jiān)督權(quán)。
Government guidance. Government departments give full play to the role of policy guidance and supervision, and promote an awareness of the paramount importance of nuclear safety, a sense of weighty responsibility, a rigorous and meticulous approach to regulation, and a spirit of collaboration for further progress. We should actively cultivate and develop a culture of nuclear safety, and through education, regulations, and positive influences, instill the core values of awareness of the rule of law, vigilance, self-discipline, and cooperation into the thoughts and actions of professionals, so as to fully mobilize and stimulate the positive role of human factors. We have issued the Policy Statement on Nuclear Safety Culture, carried out special actions to promote this culture, and established an assessment mechanism so that nuclear safety culture can be internalized in the mind, externalized into practice, and further transformed into conscious action by professionals. We have increased transparency in the operations of the government in accordance with the law, established a press spokesperson system and a mechanism of regular communication with the media, providing explanations on major nuclear safety policies, and promptly releasing information on licensing examination and approval, surveillance and law enforcement, the overall safety situation, radiation environment quality, and incidents and accidents, with the aim of enhancing the transparency of government work and protecting the public’s right to know, to participate and to supervise.

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行業(yè)積極作為。涉核企事業(yè)單位、研究機(jī)構(gòu)、行業(yè)協(xié)會(huì)等高度重視、積極培育核安全文化，設(shè)置專門機(jī)構(gòu)或配置專職人員，積極探索創(chuàng)新核安全文化建設(shè)的方式方法，加強(qiáng)質(zhì)量管理、學(xué)習(xí)培訓(xùn)、經(jīng)驗(yàn)反饋、評(píng)估改進(jìn)，將核安全文化有效融入生產(chǎn)、經(jīng)營(yíng)、科研、管理等各環(huán)節(jié)，形成了“凡事有章可循、凡事有人負(fù)責(zé)、凡事有人驗(yàn)證、凡事有據(jù)可查”“以核為先、以合為貴、以和為本”等優(yōu)秀核安全文化理念。依法公開(kāi)核安全管理規(guī)章制度、核設(shè)施安全狀況、流出物和周圍環(huán)境輻射監(jiān)測(cè)數(shù)據(jù)、年度核安全報(bào)告等重要信息，積極回應(yīng)公眾對(duì)核能、核安全的關(guān)切。
Positive action by the industry. Nuclear-related enterprises, public institutions, research institutes, and trade associations have attached great importance to and actively cultivated nuclear safety culture, setting up special institutions, allocating full-time personnel, and exploring innovative new ideas. We have strengthened quality management, education and training, feedback on experience, evaluation, and improvement, and effectively integrated nuclear safety culture into production, operation, scientific research, and management. Some excellent safety concepts have been generated, such as “rules must be in place; lines of accountability be clear; verification be performed, and documentation be available to refer to”, and “put nuclear issues first, cherish cooperation, and take peace and harmony as the foundation”. We publicize important information in accordance with the law, including nuclear safety management rules and regulations, the safety status of nuclear facilities, radiation monitoring data on effluents and the environment around nuclear facilities, and annual nuclear safety reports, and actively respond to public concerns about nuclear energy and nuclear safety.

社會(huì)廣泛參與。組織開(kāi)展“全民國(guó)家安全教育日”“公眾開(kāi)放日（周）”“核安全文化進(jìn)校園、進(jìn)社區(qū)”“科普中國(guó)、綠色核能”等各類核科普活動(dòng)，通過(guò)研討交流、實(shí)地體驗(yàn)、媒體宣傳等形式，增進(jìn)全社會(huì)對(duì)核安全的了解和認(rèn)識(shí)。堅(jiān)持平等、廣泛、便利原則，建立公眾廣泛參與機(jī)制，通過(guò)問(wèn)卷調(diào)查、聽(tīng)證會(huì)、論證會(huì)、座談會(huì)等形式，就事關(guān)公眾利益的重大核安全事項(xiàng)充分征求意見(jiàn)。在全社會(huì)廣泛開(kāi)展核安全宣傳教育，搭建科普網(wǎng)絡(luò)及新媒體平臺(tái)，建設(shè)國(guó)家級(jí)核科普教育基地，積極開(kāi)發(fā)公眾宣傳設(shè)施和工業(yè)旅游項(xiàng)目，納入領(lǐng)導(dǎo)干部培訓(xùn)和青少年教育體系，引導(dǎo)公眾了解核安全、參與核安全、維護(hù)核安全。
Extensive public participation. We organize and carry out various activities to popularize nuclear science, such as “National Security Education Day”, “Public Open Day (Week)”, “Nuclear Safety Culture on Campus and in the Community”, and “Popularizing Science in China, Green Nuclear Energy”. Through discussions, field experiences, media publicity and other channels, understanding of nuclear safety is enhanced throughout society. Based on the principles of equality, extensiveness and convenience, we have established a mechanism for broad public participation, and fully solicit opinions on major nuclear safety issues concerning the public interest in the form of questionnaires, hearings, seminars, and feasibility study meetings. We have provided extensive publicity and education on nuclear safety for the whole of society, set up science popularization networks and new media platforms, built national education bases to popularize nuclear science, and developed public publicity facilities and industrial tourism projects. We have included nuclear safety education into the training of officials and the education system for young people, and guided the public to understand, contribute to, and maintain nuclear safety.

六、打造核安全命運(yùn)共同體
VI. Building a Community of Shared Future for Nuclear Safety

和平開(kāi)發(fā)利用核能是世界各國(guó)的共同愿望，確保核安全是世界各國(guó)的共同責(zé)任。中國(guó)倡導(dǎo)構(gòu)建公平、合作、共贏的國(guó)際核安全體系，堅(jiān)持公平原則，本著務(wù)實(shí)精神推動(dòng)國(guó)際社會(huì)攜手共進(jìn)、精誠(chéng)合作，共同推進(jìn)全球核安全治理，打造核安全命運(yùn)共同體，推動(dòng)構(gòu)建人類命運(yùn)共同體。
The peaceful development and utilization of nuclear energy is the common aspiration of all countries, and ensuring nuclear safety is their shared responsibility. China advocates the development of an international nuclear safety system characterized by fairness, cooperation, and mutual benefit. It facilitates the global effort on nuclear safety governance through fair and pragmatic cooperation, works together with the rest of the world to build a community of shared future for global nuclear safety, and promotes the building of a community of shared future for humanity.

忠實(shí)履行國(guó)際義務(wù)和政治承諾。中國(guó)批準(zhǔn)了核安全領(lǐng)域所有國(guó)際法律文書，嚴(yán)格執(zhí)行聯(lián)合國(guó)安理會(huì)決議，支持和參與核安全國(guó)際倡議。先后加入《及早通報(bào)核事故公約》《核事故或輻射緊急情況援助公約》《核材料實(shí)物保護(hù)公約》《核安全公約》《制止核恐怖主義行為國(guó)際公約》《乏燃料管理安全和放射性廢物管理安全聯(lián)合公約》等國(guó)際公約，認(rèn)真開(kāi)展履約活動(dòng)。中國(guó)積極參與《維也納核安全宣言》的制定和落實(shí)，中國(guó)代表分別擔(dān)任2011年《核安全公約》締約方第五次審議會(huì)議和2012年第二次特別會(huì)議主席，為推動(dòng)全球核安全治理貢獻(xiàn)中國(guó)力量。
Faithfully fulfilling international obligations and political commitments. China has ratified all international legal instruments in the field of nuclear safety. It has strictly implemented UN Security Council resolutions and supported and participated in international initiatives on nuclear safety. It faithfully fulfills its duties as a signatory of the Convention on Early Notification of a Nuclear Accident, the Convention on Assistance in the Case of a Nuclear Accident or Radiological Emergency, the Convention on the Physical Protection of Nuclear Material, the Convention on Nuclear Safety, the International Convention for the Suppression of Acts of Nuclear Terrorism, and the Joint Convention on the Safety of Spent Fuel Management and on the Safety of Radioactive Waste Management. China has actively participated in the formulation and implementation of the Vienna Declaration on Nuclear Safety, and Chinese representatives chaired the Fifth Review Meeting of the Contracting Parties (2011) and the Second Extraordinary Meeting of the Contracting Parties (2012) to the Convention on Nuclear Safety, contributing to global governance on nuclear safety.

支持加強(qiáng)核安全的多邊努力。中國(guó)支持國(guó)際原子能機(jī)構(gòu)（IAEA）在核安全國(guó)際合作中發(fā)揮核心作用，從政治、技術(shù)、資金等方面，為機(jī)構(gòu)提供全方位支持。中國(guó)持續(xù)向機(jī)構(gòu)核安全基金捐款，用于支持亞洲地區(qū)國(guó)家核安全能力建設(shè)。加強(qiáng)核不擴(kuò)散國(guó)際合作，加入桑戈委員會(huì)、核供應(yīng)國(guó)集團(tuán)等多邊機(jī)制和國(guó)際組織；頒布實(shí)施《核出口管制條例》《核兩用品及相關(guān)技術(shù)出口管制條例》，發(fā)布《核出口管制清單》《核兩用品及相關(guān)技術(shù)出口管制清單》。深化打擊核恐怖主義國(guó)際合作，與國(guó)際刑警、核安全問(wèn)題聯(lián)絡(luò)小組、打擊核恐怖主義全球倡議等國(guó)際組織與多邊機(jī)制密切合作。
entral role of the International Atomic Energy Agency in international cooperation on nuclear safety, and has provided all-round support to the IAEA, including political, technical and financial support. China makes continuous contributions to the IAEA Nuclear Security Fund, with a view to enhancing the nuclear security capacity of countries in Asia. To strengthen international non-proliferation cooperation, China has joined the Zangger Committee, the Nuclear Suppliers Group, and other multilateral mechanisms and international organizations. It has enacted the Regulations on Nuclear Export Control and the Regulations on the Export Control of Dual-Use Nuclear Items and Technologies, and released the Nuclear Export Control List and the Export Control List of Dual-Use Nuclear Items and Technologies. China has expanded international cooperation in the fight against nuclear terrorism, and works closely with such international organizations and multilateral mechanisms as the International Criminal Police Organization, the Nuclear Security Contact Group, and the Global Initiative to Combat Nuclear Terrorism.

加強(qiáng)核安全國(guó)際交流合作。中國(guó)重視國(guó)家間的核安全政策交流與務(wù)實(shí)合作，與法國(guó)、美國(guó)、俄羅斯、日本、韓國(guó)等國(guó)家及“一帶一路”核電新興國(guó)家密切溝通，簽訂50余份核安全合作協(xié)議，加強(qiáng)高層互訪、專家交流、審評(píng)咨詢、聯(lián)合研究等全方位合作；建立中美核安全年度對(duì)話機(jī)制，與美國(guó)合作建成核安全示范中心和中國(guó)海關(guān)防輻射探測(cè)培訓(xùn)中心；與俄羅斯舉行中俄海關(guān)防范核材料及其他放射性物質(zhì)非法販運(yùn)聯(lián)合演習(xí)；建立中日韓核安全監(jiān)管高官會(huì)機(jī)制，共享監(jiān)管經(jīng)驗(yàn)。加強(qiáng)與經(jīng)濟(jì)合作與發(fā)展組織核能署、歐盟、世界核電運(yùn)營(yíng)者協(xié)會(huì)等國(guó)際組織交流合作，積極參加核安全國(guó)際同行評(píng)估，對(duì)標(biāo)國(guó)際，共同提高，持續(xù)參加全球核安全與安保網(wǎng)絡(luò)、亞洲核安全網(wǎng)絡(luò)框架下的各項(xiàng)活動(dòng)，拓展國(guó)際合作平臺(tái)，提升中國(guó)核安全能力。中國(guó)為世界貢獻(xiàn)智慧和力量，推廣中國(guó)核安全監(jiān)管體系，分享先進(jìn)技術(shù)和經(jīng)驗(yàn)，共享資源和平臺(tái)；參與核電廠多國(guó)設(shè)計(jì)評(píng)價(jià)機(jī)制，推動(dòng)建立“華龍一號(hào)”專項(xiàng)工作組；依托國(guó)家核與輻射安全監(jiān)管技術(shù)研發(fā)中心，持續(xù)幫助發(fā)展中國(guó)家開(kāi)展核安全人員培訓(xùn)、技術(shù)演練等活動(dòng)，支持其提高監(jiān)管能力，為提高全球核安全水平提供更多公共產(chǎn)品。
Strengthening international exchanges and cooperation on nuclear safety. China attaches great importance to nuclear safety policy exchanges and cooperation between countries. It maintains close contacts with France, the United States, Russia, Japan, the Republic of Korea and other countries, as well as emerging nuclear energy countries along the Belt and Road, and has signed more than 50 cooperation agreements on nuclear safety to facilitate all-round cooperation in exchange of high-level visits, communication between experts, review, consultation, and joint research. China and the United States have established an annual dialogue mechanism on nuclear safety, a Nuclear Security Center of Excellence, and the China Customs Radiation Detection Training Center. Chinese and Russian customs have held joint exercises to prevent illicit trafficking of nuclear and other radioactive materials. China, Japan and the ROK arrange meetings between regulators to share their experiences in nuclear safety regulation. China has strengthened exchanges and cooperation with the Nuclear Energy Agency of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, the European Union, WANO, and other international organizations. It is an active participant in international peer reviews of nuclear safety directed to common progress against global standards. In order to expand participation in global cooperation platforms and enhance its nuclear safety capabilities, China continues to take part in activities under the frameworks of the Global Nuclear Safety and Security Network and the Asian Nuclear Safety Network. China contributes its wisdom and strength to the world by promoting its nuclear safety regulatory system and sharing advanced technology, experience, resources, and platforms. It has taken part in the Multinational Design Evaluation Program for nuclear power plants, and a working group on the Hualong-1 has been established. Through its National Research and Development Center for Nuclear and Radiation Safety Regulation, China has continued to help developing countries to train nuclear safety personnel and carry out technical drills, lending support to their efforts to enhance their regulatory capacity and providing more public goods for improving global nuclear safety.

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結(jié)束語(yǔ)
Conclusion

中國(guó)特色社會(huì)主義事業(yè)進(jìn)入了新時(shí)代，中國(guó)核事業(yè)進(jìn)入了安全高效發(fā)展的新階段，中國(guó)核安全事業(yè)進(jìn)入了高質(zhì)量高水平發(fā)展的新時(shí)期。中國(guó)將在習(xí)近平新時(shí)代中國(guó)特色社會(huì)主義思想指引下，秉持理性、協(xié)調(diào)、并進(jìn)的核安全觀，履行維護(hù)核安全的使命，強(qiáng)化確保公眾健康和環(huán)境安全的宗旨意識(shí)，以人民為中心保障核事業(yè)安全、健康、可持續(xù)發(fā)展，促進(jìn)經(jīng)濟(jì)繁榮，惠及國(guó)計(jì)民生。
As Chinese socialism enters a new era, China’s nuclear industry has reached a stage of safe and efficient development, ushering in a new phase of high-quality progress to ensure nuclear safety. Guided by Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era, China will uphold a rational, coordinated and balanced nuclear safety strategy and fulfill its mission of maintaining and improving nuclear safety. It will reinforce its commitment to protecting public health and maintaining a safe environment, ensure the safe, sound and sustainable development of its nuclear industry with a people-centered approach, and promote economic prosperity to benefit the country and the people.

中國(guó)將繼續(xù)規(guī)范和嚴(yán)格核設(shè)施、核材料、核活動(dòng)和放射性物質(zhì)安全監(jiān)管，持續(xù)推進(jìn)核安全監(jiān)管體系和監(jiān)管能力現(xiàn)代化建設(shè)，有力維護(hù)國(guó)家核安全，為全面建設(shè)社會(huì)主義現(xiàn)代化強(qiáng)國(guó)、實(shí)現(xiàn)中華民族偉大復(fù)興提供堅(jiān)強(qiáng)保障。
China will continue to enforce rigorous safety regulation over nuclear facilities, materials, and activities and radioactive substances. It will continue to modernize its nuclear safety regulatory system and capacity to effectively safeguard the country’s nuclear safety and provide a strong guarantee for building a modern socialist country in all respects and realizing national rejuvenation.

中國(guó)將繼續(xù)推進(jìn)核安全國(guó)際合作，擔(dān)當(dāng)大國(guó)責(zé)任，履行國(guó)際義務(wù)，推動(dòng)建立公平、合作、共贏的國(guó)際核安全體系，提升全球核安全水平，促進(jìn)各國(guó)共享和平利用核能事業(yè)成果，維護(hù)地區(qū)和世界和平穩(wěn)定，為共同構(gòu)建人類命運(yùn)共同體，建設(shè)持久和平、普遍安全、共同繁榮、開(kāi)放包容、清潔美麗的世界作出積極貢獻(xiàn)。
China will continue to promote international cooperation in nuclear safety, assume the responsibility required of a major country, and fulfill its international obligations. It will strive for the establishment of an international nuclear safety system characterized by fairness, cooperation, and mutual benefit, raise global standards of nuclear safety, and promote the sharing of global achievements in the peaceful use of nuclear energy among the international community. It will safeguard regional and world peace and stability, and make positive contribution to building a community of shared future for humanity and a clean and beautiful world of lasting peace, universal security, common prosperity, openness, and inclusiveness.