二、新時代脫貧攻堅取得全面勝利
II. Final Victory in the Fight Against Extreme Poverty

中共十八大以來，經(jīng)過8年持續(xù)奮斗，到2020年底，中國如期完成新時代脫貧攻堅目標(biāo)任務(wù)，現(xiàn)行標(biāo)準(zhǔn)下9899萬農(nóng)村貧困人口全部脫貧（圖1），832個貧困縣全部摘帽（圖2），12.8萬個貧困村全部出列，區(qū)域性整體貧困得到解決，完成消除絕對貧困的艱巨任務(wù)。
China's fight against poverty entered a critical stage after the 18th CPC National Congress in 2012. At the end of 2020, through eight years of hard work, China achieved the goal of eliminating extreme poverty – a key goal for the new era of building socialism with Chinese characteristics. The 98.99 million people in rural areas who were living below the current poverty threshold all shook off poverty (Figure 1); all the 128,000 impoverished villages and 832 designated poor counties got rid of poverty (Figure 2). China has eliminated poverty over entire regions and eradicated extreme poverty.

脫貧攻堅戰(zhàn)對中國農(nóng)村的改變是歷史性的、全方位的，是中國農(nóng)村的又一次偉大革命，深刻改變了貧困地區(qū)落后面貌，有力推動了中國農(nóng)村整體發(fā)展，補齊了全面建成小康社會最突出短板，為全面建設(shè)社會主義現(xiàn)代化國家、實現(xiàn)第二個百年奮斗目標(biāo)奠定了堅實基礎(chǔ)。脫貧攻堅戰(zhàn)全面勝利，中華民族在幾千年發(fā)展歷史上首次整體消除絕對貧困，實現(xiàn)了中國人民的千年夢想、百年夙愿。
The battle against poverty has been another great revolution in rural China, leading to historic and comprehensive changes. The campaign saw an end to the backwardness of poverty-stricken areas, boosted overall rural development, resolved the greatest threat to success in achieving moderate prosperity in all respects, and laid a solid foundation for building a modern socialist China and realizing the Second Centenary Goal. China has secured a complete victory in the battle against extreme poverty, eliminating overall and extreme poverty for the first time in its history of thousands of years, and realizing a century-long aspiration of the Chinese people.

（一）貧困人口生活水平顯著提升
1. Significant Improvement in the Living Standards of the Poor

經(jīng)過脫貧攻堅戰(zhàn)，貧困人口的收入和福利水平大幅提高，“兩不愁三保障”全面實現(xiàn)，教育、醫(yī)療、住房、飲水等條件明顯改善，既滿足了基本生存需要，也為后續(xù)發(fā)展奠定了基礎(chǔ)。脫貧攻堅的陽光照耀到每一個角落，貧困群眾的生活發(fā)生了巨大變化。
Through poverty alleviation, there has been a substantial improvement in the incomes and welfare of the poor. The Two Assurances and Three Guarantees[ This refers to assurances of adequate food and clothing, and guarantees of access to compulsory education, basic medical services and safe housing for impoverished rural residents. ] have been realized; education, healthcare, housing and drinking water supplies are much improved. These provisions have covered all basic needs and laid the foundations for future development. The fight against poverty has led to dramatic changes in the lives of the impoverished.

貧困人口收入水平持續(xù)提升（圖3）。貧困地區(qū)農(nóng)村居民人均可支配收入，從2013的6079元增長到2020年的12588元，年均增長11.6%，增長持續(xù)快于全國農(nóng)村，增速比全國農(nóng)村高2.3個百分點。貧困人口工資性收入和經(jīng)營性收入占比逐年上升，轉(zhuǎn)移性收入占比逐年下降，自主增收脫貧能力穩(wěn)步提高。少數(shù)民族和民族地區(qū)脫貧攻堅成效顯著，2016年至2020年，內(nèi)蒙古自治區(qū)、廣西壯族自治區(qū)、西藏自治區(qū)、寧夏回族自治區(qū)、新疆維吾爾自治區(qū)和貴州、云南、青海三個多民族省份貧困人口累計減少1560萬人。28個人口較少民族全部實現(xiàn)整族脫貧，一些新中國成立后“一步跨千年”進入社會主義社會的“直過民族”，又實現(xiàn)了從貧窮落后到全面小康的第二次歷史性跨越。
The incomes of the impoverished are increasing (Figure 3). The per capita disposable income of the rural poor increased from RMB6,079 in 2013 to RMB12,588 in 2020, up by 11.6% per annum on average. The growth rate was 2.3 percentage points higher than the national rural average. Their salary income and operative income kept increasing over the years in proportion to their transfer income, showing a stronger ability to shake off poverty through their own efforts. Ethnic minority areas have made notable progress in fighting poverty. From 2016 to 2020, in the five autonomous regions (Inner Mongolia, Guangxi, Tibet, Ningxia and Xinjiang) and three provinces with a large multi-ethnic population (Guizhou, Yunnan and Qinghai), the number of the poor dropped by 15.6 million. Extreme poverty was eliminated in all 28 of the minority ethnic groups with a small population. Some ethnic groups, still at the later stage of primitive society when the PRC was founded in 1949, leapfrogged to socialism and then again made great strides towards moderate prosperity in all respects.

“兩不愁三保障”全面實現(xiàn)。脫貧攻堅普查顯示，貧困戶全面實現(xiàn)不愁吃、不愁穿，平時吃得飽且能適當(dāng)吃好，一年四季都有應(yīng)季的換洗衣物和御寒被褥。貧困人口受教育的機會顯著增多、水平持續(xù)提高，農(nóng)村貧困家庭子女義務(wù)教育階段輟學(xué)問題實現(xiàn)動態(tài)清零，2020年貧困縣九年義務(wù)教育鞏固率達(dá)到94.8%。持續(xù)完善縣鄉(xiāng)村三級醫(yī)療衛(wèi)生服務(wù)體系，把貧困人口全部納入基本醫(yī)療保險、大病保險、醫(yī)療救助三重制度保障范圍，實施大病集中救治、慢病簽約管理、重病兜底保障等措施，99.9%以上的貧困人口參加基本醫(yī)療保險，全面實現(xiàn)貧困人口看病有地方、有醫(yī)生、有醫(yī)療保險制度保障，看病難、看病貴問題有效解決。實施農(nóng)村危房改造，貧困人口全面實現(xiàn)住房安全有保障（專欄1）。實施農(nóng)村飲水安全和鞏固提升工程，累計解決2889萬貧困人口的飲水安全問題，飲用水量和水質(zhì)全部達(dá)標(biāo)，3.82億農(nóng)村人口受益；貧困地區(qū)自來水普及率從2015年的70%提高到2020年的83%。
The Two Assurances and Three Guarantees have been realized. According to the national survey of poverty alleviation[ The national survey of poverty alleviation is a full review of China's progress in fighting poverty and has a fundamental importance for targeted poverty alleviation. From 2020 to 2021, the survey was conducted in 22 provinces and equivalent administrative units in central and western China, focusing on the veracity of poverty alleviation results, particularly the overall progress in designated poor counties. The survey includes registration of poverty-stricken populations, progress in the Two Assurances and Three Guarantees, participation of the impoverished in poverty alleviation programs, and basic public services in poor counties and villages. ], poor households now have adequate food and clothing all year round and a proper supply of nutritious food. They have clothing for all four seasons and comforters that protect them from cold weather. Access to good quality education for the impoverished has improved remarkably; there are no dropouts in the countryside due to financial difficulties; nine-year compulsory education is now available to all children from rural poor households, and the completion rate in 2020 was 94.8%. The three-tier healthcare system at village, township and county levels has been improved. All poverty-stricken populations now have access to basic medical insurance, critical illness insurance, and medical assistance, to ensure medical treatment to the impoverished with major illnesses, contracted healthcare to the impoverished with chronic diseases, and guaranteed medical services for the impoverished with critical illnesses. Basic medical insurance coverage of the poor is now over 99.9%. All the impoverished have been guaranteed medical services and medical insurance. Through these measures, China has resolved the problem of difficult and expensive access to medical treatment for poverty-stricken residents. The program of renovation of dilapidated rural homes has ensured safe housing for all the impoverished (Box 1). The program of safe drinking water for rural residents has secured supplies to 28.89 million poor in terms of both quantity and quality, and benefited 382 million rural population; tap water coverage increased from 70% in 2015 to 83% in 2020.

（二）貧困地區(qū)落后面貌根本改變
2. Poverty-stricken Areas Rid of Backwardness

長期以來，貧困地區(qū)基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施薄弱，公共服務(wù)匱乏，經(jīng)濟社會發(fā)展滯后。脫貧攻堅戰(zhàn)不僅使農(nóng)村貧困人口全部脫貧，而且使貧困地區(qū)經(jīng)濟社會發(fā)展大踏步趕上來，整體面貌發(fā)生歷史性巨變。
Poor areas have long suffered from weak infrastructure, inadequate public services, and social and economic underdevelopment. In the final stages of fighting poverty, China succeeded in raising all the rural poor out of extreme poverty and the impoverished areas achieved a big stride in economic and social development, taking on a brand new look.

基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施顯著改善。出行難、用電難、用水難、通信難，是長期以來制約貧困地區(qū)發(fā)展的瓶頸。把基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)作為脫貧攻堅基礎(chǔ)工程，集中力量，加大投入，全力推進，補齊了貧困地區(qū)基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施短板，推動了貧困地區(qū)經(jīng)濟社會快速發(fā)展。以建好、管好、護好、運營好農(nóng)村公路（簡稱“四好農(nóng)村路”，專欄2）為牽引，積極推進貧困地區(qū)建設(shè)外通內(nèi)聯(lián)、通村暢鄉(xiāng)、客車到村、安全便捷的交通運輸網(wǎng)絡(luò)。截至2020年底，全國貧困地區(qū)新改建公路110萬公里、新增鐵路里程3.5萬公里，貧困地區(qū)具備條件的鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)和建制村全部通硬化路、通客車、通郵路，貧困地區(qū)因路而興、因路而富。努力改善貧困地區(qū)水利基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施條件，2016年以來，新增和改善農(nóng)田有效灌溉面積8029萬畝，新增供水能力181億立方米，水利支撐貧困地區(qū)發(fā)展的能力顯著增強。大幅提升貧困地區(qū)用電條件，實施無電地區(qū)電力建設(shè)、農(nóng)村電網(wǎng)改造升級、骨干電網(wǎng)和輸電通道建設(shè)等電網(wǎng)專項工程，把電網(wǎng)延伸到更多偏遠(yuǎn)地區(qū)，農(nóng)村地區(qū)基本實現(xiàn)穩(wěn)定可靠的供電服務(wù)全覆蓋，供電能力和服務(wù)水平明顯提升（專欄3）。加強貧困地區(qū)通信設(shè)施建設(shè)，貧困村通光纖和4G比例均超過98%，遠(yuǎn)程教育加快向貧困地區(qū)學(xué)校推進，遠(yuǎn)程醫(yī)療、電子商務(wù)覆蓋所有貧困縣，貧困地區(qū)信息化建設(shè)實現(xiàn)跨越式發(fā)展?；A(chǔ)設(shè)施的極大改善，從根本上破解了貧困地區(qū)脫貧致富的難題，暢通了貧困地區(qū)與外界的人流、物流、知識流、信息流，為貧困地區(qū)發(fā)展提供了有力的硬件支撐。
Poor areas have long suffered from weak infrastructure, inadequate public services, and social and economic underdevelopment. In the final stages of fighting poverty, China succeeded in raising all the rural poor out of extreme poverty and the impoverished areas achieved a big stride in economic and social development, taking on a brand new look. Infrastructure has been improved. Lack of access to transport, electricity, drinking water and communications hinders the development of poverty-stricken areas. Infrastructure construction is a basic element in the battle against poverty; through an intensified effort and further investment, new infrastructure in poor areas boosted their social and economic development. The construction, management, maintenance and operation of roads in rural areas have all seen significant improvement (Box 2). Transport networks now connect all villages with other local villages and with the outside world, and provide them with safe and easy access to bus services. By the end of 2020, impoverished areas had gained 1.1 million km of reconstructed highways and 35,000 km of new railways; all the villages, townships and towns in poverty-stricken areas with the right conditions were accessible by paved road and provided with bus and mail routes, which facilitated more economic development. Water infrastructure in impoverished areas has been improved in many ways. Since 2016, the effective irrigated area has increased by more than 5.35 million ha and water supply capacity has increased by 18.1 billion cu m. Better water infrastructure is also a provider of strong support for the development of poverty-stricken areas. Electricity access in poor areas has been improved through power grid construction projects such as power supply to areas without electricity, upgrading of rural power grids, and construction of trunk power grids and power transmission channels. Now, more remote areas are connected to power grids, and almost all rural areas enjoy a steady power supply (Box 3). Communications infrastructure has been extended in poverty-stricken areas. Now, over 98% of poor villages have access to optical fiber communications (OFC) and 4G technology; distance education is available at more schools in impoverished areas; telemedicine and e-commerce cover all designated poor counties. All of this represents an unprecedented pace of development of IT application in poverty-stricken areas. This comprehensive range of infrastructure improvements has resolved many historical problems trapping poor areas in poverty, facilitated the flows of personnel, logistics, knowledge and information between poor areas and the outside world, and provided solid support for social and economic development in impoverished areas.

基本公共服務(wù)水平明顯提升。在解決好貧困人口吃飯、穿衣、居住等溫飽問題基礎(chǔ)上，大力提升貧困地區(qū)教育、醫(yī)療、文化、社會保障等基本公共服務(wù)水平，實現(xiàn)貧困人口學(xué)有所教、病有所醫(yī)、老有所養(yǎng)、弱有所扶，為貧困地區(qū)發(fā)展夯實基礎(chǔ)、積蓄后勁。2013年以來，累計改造貧困地區(qū)義務(wù)教育薄弱學(xué)校10.8萬所，實現(xiàn)貧困地區(qū)適齡兒童都能在所在村上幼兒園和小學(xué)。貧困地區(qū)公共文化服務(wù)水平不斷提高，截至2020年底，中西部22個省份基層文化中心建設(shè)完成比例達(dá)到99.48%，基本實現(xiàn)村級文化設(shè)施全覆蓋；持續(xù)推進文化下鄉(xiāng)，貧困群眾也有了豐富多彩的業(yè)余文化生活。貧困地區(qū)醫(yī)療條件顯著改善，消除了鄉(xiāng)村兩級醫(yī)療衛(wèi)生機構(gòu)和人員“空白點”，98%的貧困縣至少有一所二級以上醫(yī)院，貧困地區(qū)縣級醫(yī)院收治病種中位數(shù)達(dá)到全國縣級醫(yī)院整體水平的90%，貧困人口的常見病、慢性病基本能夠就近獲得及時診治，越來越多的大病在縣域內(nèi)就可以得到有效救治。綜合保障體系逐步健全，貧困縣農(nóng)村低保標(biāo)準(zhǔn)全部超過國家扶貧標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，1936萬貧困人口納入農(nóng)村低?；蛱乩Ь戎B(yǎng)政策；6098萬貧困人口參加了城鄉(xiāng)居民基本養(yǎng)老保險，基本實現(xiàn)應(yīng)保盡保。
Basic public services have been improved. In addition to providing adequate food, clothing and safe housing for the impoverished, China has intensified efforts to improve basic public services covering education, healthcare, culture and social security. The goal is to guarantee impoverished people access to education, medical services, elderly care and social assistance, so as to support development in poverty-stricken areas. Since 2013, China has renovated 108,000 schools to strengthen the provision of compulsory education in poor areas, and ensured that all school-age rural children receive kindergarten and elementary education within their own villages. Public cultural services in poor areas have also been improved. By the end of 2020, 99.48% of villages in 22 provinces and equivalent administrative units in central and western China had seen their own cultural centers completed. The campaign of bringing culture to the countryside has enriched the cultural life of the rural poor. There has been a notable improvement in healthcare provision in poor areas. This program has remedied the shortfall in medical workers and institutions at village and township level. 98% of the designated poor counties now have at least one grade-two hospital. The county-level hospitals in impoverished areas can treat 90% of the diseases that general county-level hospitals can. The impoverished can now have common ailments and chronic diseases treated at nearby medical institutions in a timely manner, and more major illnesses can be effectively treated at county-level hospitals. Comprehensive social security systems are now in place in poor areas. The standards of eligibility for rural subsistence allowances in designated poor counties are all higher than the national poverty threshold. Some 19.36 million impoverished people have been covered by rural subsistence allowances or extreme poverty relief funds, and 60.98 million by basic pension schemes for rural and non-working urban residents, achieving nearly 100% coverage.

經(jīng)濟持續(xù)快速發(fā)展。脫貧攻堅極大釋放了貧困地區(qū)蘊含的潛力，為經(jīng)濟發(fā)展注入強大動力。產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)顯著改善，特色優(yōu)勢產(chǎn)業(yè)不斷發(fā)展，電子商務(wù)、光伏、旅游等新業(yè)態(tài)新產(chǎn)業(yè)蓬勃興起，推動了貧困地區(qū)經(jīng)濟多元化發(fā)展，擴大了市場有效供給，厚植了經(jīng)濟發(fā)展基礎(chǔ)。貧困地區(qū)的地區(qū)生產(chǎn)總值持續(xù)保持較快增長，2015年以來，人均一般公共預(yù)算收入年均增幅高出同期全國平均水平約7個百分點。收入的持續(xù)穩(wěn)定增長，激發(fā)了貧困群眾提升生活品質(zhì)、豐富精神文化生活的需求，拉動了龐大的農(nóng)村消費，為促進國內(nèi)大循環(huán)提供了支撐。
The economy has achieved sustained and rapid growth. The battle against poverty has released the potential of poor areas, and injected vigor into their economic development. Poverty-stricken areas have seen notable improvements in their economic structure. Businesses that leverage local strengths have been growing and thriving, including such new forms as e-commerce, photovoltaic technology, and tourism. The economy in poor areas has diversified, and effective market supply has increased. These developments provide solid foundations for economic growth. The GDP of impoverished areas has maintained rapid growth. Since 2015, the average annual increment in per capita revenue from the national general public budget has been seven percentage points higher than the national average. A steady increase in incomes has created higher demand for life quality and cultural activities. This has stimulated a surge in consumption in rural areas, and provided support for the domestic economy.

優(yōu)秀文化傳承弘揚。加強貧困地區(qū)傳統(tǒng)文化、特色文化、民族文化的保護、傳承和弘揚，貧困地區(qū)優(yōu)秀文化繁榮發(fā)展。實施國家傳統(tǒng)工藝振興工程，引導(dǎo)和推動革命老區(qū)、民族地區(qū)、邊疆地區(qū)、貧困地區(qū)保護好、發(fā)展好當(dāng)?shù)貎?yōu)秀傳統(tǒng)技藝。支持貧困地區(qū)深入挖掘民族文化、紅色文化、鄉(xiāng)土文化、非物質(zhì)文化遺產(chǎn)特色資源，加強保護研究、人才培養(yǎng)、展示推廣，打造特色文化旅游產(chǎn)業(yè)。開展留存扶貧印記活動，建立貧困村扶貧檔案，鼓勵支持扶貧題材影視文藝作品創(chuàng)作，生動記錄脫貧致富歷程。貧困地區(qū)優(yōu)秀文化的保護傳承，既促進了貧困群眾增收致富，也延續(xù)了文脈、留住了鄉(xiāng)愁。
Cultural heritage has been protected. China has strengthened the protection and promotion of traditional culture, folk culture and ethnic culture in poor areas to maintain a wealth of cultural diversity. It has implemented the Plan on the Revitalization of Traditional Chinese Craftsmanship to protect and develop fine craftsmanship in old revolutionary base areas, areas with large ethnic minority populations, border areas, and poverty-stricken areas. It has supported poor areas to develop cultural resources with local characteristics, including ethnic culture, revolutionary sites, folk culture, and intangible cultural heritage. Local governments in poor areas have developed tourism there by conserving and promoting these cultural resources and training support staff. China has paid attention to keeping a record of the experiences of ordinary people in poverty alleviation, such as archives of poor villages, films, TV programs and literary works themed on poverty alleviation. Through the protection and promotion of cultural heritage in poor areas, the impoverished have gained additional income while retaining their cultural roots.

生態(tài)環(huán)境更美更好。將扶貧開發(fā)與水土保持、環(huán)境保護、生態(tài)建設(shè)相結(jié)合，通過生態(tài)扶貧、農(nóng)村人居環(huán)境整治、生態(tài)脆弱地區(qū)易地扶貧搬遷等措施，貧困地區(qū)生態(tài)保護水平明顯改善，守護了綠水青山、換來了金山銀山。脫貧攻堅既促進了貧困人口“增收”，又促進了貧困地區(qū)“增綠”，極大改善了貧困地區(qū)生態(tài)環(huán)境，廣大農(nóng)村舊貌換了新顏，生態(tài)宜居水平不斷提高。
The eco-environment has improved. China has integrated development-driven poverty alleviation with soil and water conservation and eco-environmental conservation. By developing the eco-economy, improving the rural living environment, and relocating the impoverished from inhospitable areas to places with better economic prospects, there have been remarkable improvements in the eco-environment of poverty-stricken areas. Lucid waters and lush mountains have become their invaluable assets. Through the fight against poverty, China has increased the incomes of the impoverished, improved the eco-environment of poor areas, and made the vast rural areas more livable spaces for their inhabitants.

深度貧困地區(qū)是貧中之貧、堅中之堅。通過脫貧攻堅，“三區(qū)三州”等深度貧困地區(qū)突出問題得到根本解決，基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施和公共服務(wù)水平顯著提升，特色主導(dǎo)產(chǎn)業(yè)加快發(fā)展，社會文明程度明顯提高，區(qū)域性整體貧困問題徹底解決（專欄4）。
Severely impoverished areas are the top priority in China's battle against poverty. The "three areas and three prefectures"[ The "three areas" refer to the Tibet Autonomous Region, the Hotan, Aksu, Kashgar prefectures and the Kizilsu Kirgiz Autonomous Prefecture in southern Xinjiang, and prefectures and counties with large Tibetan populations in the provinces of Sichuan, Yunnan, Gansu and Qinghai. The "three prefectures" refer to the Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture in Sichuan Province, the Nujiang Lisu Autonomous Prefecture in Yunnan Province, and the Linxia Hui Autonomous Prefecture in Gansu Province. ] in extreme poverty have seen notable improvements in infrastructure, public services, and civil communal behavior, as well as rapid development in industries and businesses that leverage local strengths. All of these efforts have brought an end to regional and overall poverty (Box 4).

（三）脫貧群眾精神風(fēng)貌煥然一新
3. Those Who Have Been Lifted Out of Poverty Adopt a New Mindset

脫貧攻堅既是一場深刻的物質(zhì)革命，也是一場深刻的思想革命；既取得了物質(zhì)上的累累碩果，也取得了精神上的累累碩果。貧困群眾的精神世界在脫貧攻堅中得到充實和升華，信心更堅、腦子更活、心氣更足，發(fā)生了從內(nèi)而外的深刻改變。
The battle against poverty is a profound revolution and complete victory on both material and theoretical level. Through this battle, the mindset of the poor has been enriched and sublimed – they have greater confidence, more active minds, and higher aspirations; they have experienced a thorough transformation from the inside to the outside.

脫貧致富熱情高漲。脫貧攻堅不僅使貧困群眾拓寬了增收渠道、增加了收入，而且喚醒了貧困群眾對美好生活的追求，極大提振和重塑了貧困群眾自力更生、自強不息，勤勞致富、勤儉持家，創(chuàng)業(yè)干事、創(chuàng)優(yōu)爭先的精氣神，增強了脫貧致富的信心和勁頭?！昂萌兆邮歉沙鰜淼摹?，貧困群眾比著把日子往好里過，依靠自己的辛勤勞動擺脫貧困，形成了你追我趕奔小康的濃厚氛圍。
The impoverished have a deep desire to rid themselves of the shackles of poverty and achieve prosperity. The poverty relief efforts have not only widened channels for the impoverished to improve their material welfare but rekindled their desire to seek a better life as well. Impoverished people have been inspired to seek prosperity through hard work, self-reliance, frugality and entrepreneurship, and strive for excellence. They are highly motivated and have more confidence about getting rid of poverty. As the Chinese people always say, "Good days come after hard work". They are ready to compete in the race to prosperity.

主人翁意識顯著提升。脫貧攻堅為貧困群眾參與集體事務(wù)搭建了新的平臺。扶貧項目實施、資金使用等村級重大事項決策，實行“四議兩公開”，建立健全村務(wù)監(jiān)督機制，推廣村民議事會、扶貧理事會等制度，讓村民做到“大家的事大家議、大家辦”，拓展了貧困群眾參與脫貧攻堅的議事管事空間，提高了參與集體事務(wù)的積極性自覺性，激發(fā)了建設(shè)家鄉(xiāng)的熱情，鄉(xiāng)村發(fā)展的凝聚力大大增強。
The impoverished have a stronger sense of self-reliance. The poverty alleviation work has set up a new platform for the impoverished to participate in collective affairs. When making major decisions on the implementation of poverty relief projects and the use of funds at the village level, villagers have carried out a "4+2" system[ "4+2" system refers to the democratic policy-making process on village affairs under the leadership of village Party organizations. "4" means four steps: Proposals should be put forward by the Party branch, jointly discussed by the village committee and the Party branch, and deliberated by Party members, and resolutions should be adopted by villagers' representatives; "2" means transparency on two levels – resolutions and implementation results should be made known to the public. ]. The oversight mechanisms for village affairs and villagers' councils and poverty relief councils have been improved to ensure that public affairs are discussed and handled by everyone. Under these arrangements, the impoverished have participated more in the decision making and implementation process in the battle against poverty. They have been more motivated to participate actively in collective affairs, more enthusiastic to build up their hometown, and more cohesive to develop the countryside.

現(xiàn)代觀念不斷增強。脫貧攻堅打開了貧困地區(qū)通往外部世界的大門。交通基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施的改善打通了貧困地區(qū)與外界的聯(lián)系，公共文化事業(yè)的發(fā)展豐富了貧困群眾的精神文化生活，網(wǎng)絡(luò)的普及讓貧困群眾增長了見識、開闊了視野。貧困群眾的開放意識、創(chuàng)新意識、科技意識、規(guī)則意識、市場意識等顯著增強，脫貧致富的點子越來越多、路子越來越寬。
The impoverished have been constantly upgrading their mindsets. The battle against poverty has opened the door to the outside world for poverty-stricken areas. Improvements in transport infrastructure have established links between poor areas and the outside world; development of public cultural undertakings has enriched the cultural life of impoverished people; with better access to the internet, the poor have greater knowledge, broader horizons, and a deeper understanding of openness, innovation, technology, rules and markets. They are capable of generating more ideas and opening wider channels for poverty alleviation.

文明新風(fēng)廣泛弘揚。深化貧困地區(qū)文明村鎮(zhèn)和文明家庭、“五好”家庭創(chuàng)建，持續(xù)推進新時代文明實踐中心建設(shè)，發(fā)揮村規(guī)民約作用，推廣道德評議會、紅白理事會等做法，開展移風(fēng)易俗行動，開展弘揚好家風(fēng)、“星級文明戶”評選、尋找“最美家庭”等活動，社會主義核心價值觀廣泛傳播，貧困地區(qū)文明程度顯著提升。儉樸節(jié)約、綠色環(huán)保、講究衛(wèi)生等科學(xué)、健康、文明的生活方式成為貧困群眾的新追求，婚事新辦、喪事簡辦、孝親敬老、鄰里和睦、扶危濟困、扶弱助殘等社會風(fēng)尚廣泛弘揚，既有鄉(xiāng)土氣息又有現(xiàn)代時尚的新時代鄉(xiāng)村文明新風(fēng)正在形成。
Cultural and ethical work has been advancing in impoverished regions. Civility villages and towns are being built in poverty-stricken areas, and civil families cultivated under the "Five Family Virtues" program (encouraging respect for the law, diligent study, family planning, domestic harmony, and industrious and thrifty management of the household). Social etiquette, village rules, agreements among villagers, and councils on moral issues, weddings and funerals have been promoted, to update outmoded and undesirable habits and customs. Activities, such as competition for best households and families, have been organized to carry forward cherished family traditions, spread core socialist values, and enhance social etiquette and civility. Scientific, healthy and civilized new ways of life which are simple, green, eco-friendly, and hygienic have been embraced by the villagers. Good social practices, including modest weddings and funerals, filial piety, harmonious neighborhoods, and helping the needy, the weak and the disabled, have been promoted. In the new era, new cultural practices with a local and modern essence are developing in rural areas.

（四）特殊困難群體生存發(fā)展權(quán)利有效保障
4. Protecting the Rights of Special Groups to Basic Needs and Development

中國高度重視婦女、兒童、老人和殘疾人等群體中特殊困難人員的生存和發(fā)展，采取特殊政策，加大幫扶力度，特殊困難群體的福利水平持續(xù)提高，生存權(quán)利充分保障，發(fā)展機會明顯增多。
China prioritizes the basic rights of subsistence and development of the disadvantaged groups among women, children, the elderly, and the disabled. The nation has enacted favorable policies and provided more assistance to raise the welfare level of these groups.

貧困婦女生存發(fā)展?fàn)顩r顯著改善。堅持男女平等基本國策，將婦女作為重點扶貧對象，實現(xiàn)脫貧的近1億貧困人口中婦女約占一半。實施《中國婦女發(fā)展綱要（2011－2020年）》，把緩解婦女貧困程度、減少貧困婦女?dāng)?shù)量放在優(yōu)先位置，扶貧政策、資金、措施優(yōu)先向貧困婦女傾斜，幫助貧困婦女解決最困難最憂慮最急迫的問題。累計對1021萬名貧困婦女和婦女骨干進行各類技能培訓(xùn)，500多萬名貧困婦女通過手工、種植養(yǎng)殖、家政、電商等增收脫貧。累計發(fā)放婦女小額擔(dān)保貸款和扶貧小額信貸4500多億元，870萬名婦女通過小額擔(dān)保貸款和扶貧小額信貸實現(xiàn)創(chuàng)業(yè)增收。19.2萬名貧困患病婦女獲得救助，婦女宮頸癌、乳腺癌免費檢查項目在貧困地區(qū)實現(xiàn)全覆蓋。通過“母親水窖”“母親健康快車”“母親郵包”等公益項目，投入公益資金41.7億元，惠及貧困婦女5000余萬人次。
Living conditions of impoverished women have been improving. China adheres to the fundamental national policy of gender equality, and sees women as a key target in poverty alleviation. Among nearly 100 million who have shaken off poverty, women account for half. By implementing the Outline of Women's Development in China (2011-2020), China has given priority to helping women alleviate poverty and reducing the number of women in poverty, given preferential treatment to women when making poverty alleviation policies, allocated funds and taken measures, and helped them solve the most difficult, most worrying and most pressing problems. A total of 10.21 million impoverished women have received skills training, over 5 million of whom have increased their incomes through activities such as handicrafts, crop and animal husbandry, housekeeping and e-business. Small-sum guaranteed loans and micro credit amounting to more than RMB450 billion have been provided to impoverished women, which have helped 8.7 million women to start businesses and increase their incomes. China has assisted 192,000 women who suffer from poverty and diseases and launched a program of free cervical and breast cancer checkups to cover all women in poverty-stricken areas. RMB4.17 billion has been invested in titled campaigns to provide 50 million impoverished mothers in impoverished areas with infrastructure and health benefits, as well as daily necessities.

困境兒童關(guān)愛水平明顯提高。實施《中國兒童發(fā)展綱要（2011－2020年）》《國家貧困地區(qū)兒童發(fā)展規(guī)劃（2014－2020年）》，對兒童教育和健康實施全過程保障和干預(yù)。開展兒童營養(yǎng)知識宣傳和健康教育，實施貧困地區(qū)兒童營養(yǎng)改善項目，提高貧困地區(qū)兒童健康水平，為集中連片特困地區(qū)6－24月齡嬰幼兒每天免費提供1包輔食營養(yǎng)補充品，截至2020年底，累計1120萬兒童受益。實施出生缺陷干預(yù)救助項目，為先天性結(jié)構(gòu)畸形、部分遺傳代謝病和地中海貧血貧困患病兒童提供醫(yī)療費用補助，累計救助患兒4.1萬名，撥付救助金4.7億元。組織各類志愿者與孤兒、農(nóng)村留守兒童、困境兒童結(jié)對，開展關(guān)愛幫扶，覆蓋兒童和家長2519.2萬人次。建立兒童之家28萬余所、兒童快樂家園1200余個，為留守、困境兒童提供文體娛樂、心理疏導(dǎo)、生活照顧、家教指導(dǎo)等關(guān)愛服務(wù)。大幅提高孤兒保障水平，機構(gòu)集中養(yǎng)育孤兒和社會散居孤兒平均保障標(biāo)準(zhǔn)分別達(dá)到每人每月1611.3元和1184.3元。實施孤兒醫(yī)療康復(fù)明天計劃項目，累計投入17億元、惠及22.3萬名病殘孤兒。實施福彩夢圓孤兒助學(xué)工程，累計投入5.4億元、惠及在校就讀孤兒5.4萬人次。建立事實無人撫養(yǎng)兒童保障制度，25.3萬名事實無人撫養(yǎng)兒童參照當(dāng)?shù)毓聝罕Ｕ蠘?biāo)準(zhǔn)納入保障范圍。
Extending greater care to deprived children. China has implemented the Outline on the Development of Chinese Children (2011-2020) and the National Development Plan for Children in Poor Areas (2014-2020) to provide security for children's education and health and deliver interventions when required. Efforts have been made to popularize knowledge on children's nutrition and health. Following the implementation of nutritional improvement projects for children in impoverished areas, children in these regions now enjoy better health. The government gives a free daily pack of nutritional dietary supplements to every baby and toddler aged 6-24 months in contiguous destitute areas. By the end of 2020, a total of 11.2 million children in those areas had benefitted from this project. Birth defect prevention & relief programs have been launched to help cover medical expenses for children who suffer from poverty and serious diseases such as congenital malformations, some inherited metabolic disorders, and thalassemia. A total of RMB470 million has been allocated for the care of 41,000 sick children. China has organized volunteers to pair up with orphans, deprived children, and children of migrant workers left at home in the countryside, providing care and help to 25.19 million children and parents. More than 280,000 children's homes and over 1,200 children's happy homes have been built to give entertainment, psychological counseling, life care and tutoring to deprived children and children of migrant workers left at home in the countryside. China continues to improve the protection of orphans' rights and interests, with monthly allowance for orphans in welfare institutions and families that provide temporary care totaling RMB1,611 and RMB1,184 per person respectively. China has invested RMB1.7 billion in the Tomorrow Plan for Rehabilitation of Handicapped Orphans to offer operations and rehabilitation to 223,000 orphans with disabilities. RMB540 million from the public welfare has been used to carry out a program to support school education for 54,000 orphans. A support system for de facto orphans has been established in China to cover 253,000 such children.

貧困老年人生活和服務(wù)保障顯著改善。持續(xù)提高農(nóng)村養(yǎng)老金待遇和貧困老年人口醫(yī)療保障水平，農(nóng)村老年人口貧困問題進一步解決。經(jīng)濟困難的高齡、失能等老年人補貼制度全面建立，惠及3689萬老年人。實施老年健康西部行項目，在西部貧困地區(qū)開展老年健康宣傳教育，組織醫(yī)務(wù)人員、志愿者開展義診和健康指導(dǎo)服務(wù)，促進西部老年人健康素養(yǎng)和健康水平提高。建立農(nóng)村留守老年人關(guān)愛服務(wù)制度，推動貧困老年人醫(yī)療保障從救治為主向健康服務(wù)為主轉(zhuǎn)變。加強失能貧困老年人關(guān)愛照護，全面開展核查，確認(rèn)62.7萬失能貧困老年人，落實家庭醫(yī)生簽約服務(wù)59萬人，失能貧困老年人健康狀況明顯改善。
Continuing to provide services and improve the lives of impoverished senior citizens. China has raised the amount of basic pension in rural areas and subsidies for basic medical insurance for poor seniors to further reduce poverty among the elderly in rural areas. The subsidy system for the poor population of advanced age and incapacitated seniors has been put in place, benefiting 36.89 million people. The government has initiated a program for the elderly in the western regions to promote health awareness among seniors in poverty-stricken areas, and organized medical workers and volunteers to provide free medical services and offer advice on health matters. China has developed a system to support and care for elderly people left behind by their families in the countryside after their grown-up children have moved to the cities in search of employment. It has shifted the focus of medical security for the impoverished elderly from medical treatment to health services. More care has been provided for incapacitated seniors living below the poverty line. On the basis of an overall inspection, China has verified 627,000 impoverished seniors who lost the ability to take care of themselves and extended contracted family doctor services to 590,000 of them, significantly improving their health.

貧困殘疾人保障水平全面提升。700多萬貧困殘疾人如期脫貧，創(chuàng)造了人類減貧史上殘疾人特殊困難群體消除貧困的奇跡。困難殘疾人生活補貼和重度殘疾人護理補貼制度惠及2400多萬殘疾人。1066.7萬殘疾人納入最低生活保障。貧困殘疾人全部納入基本醫(yī)療保險、大病保險，54.7萬貧困殘疾人得到醫(yī)療救助。178.5萬戶貧困殘疾人家庭住房安全問題得到解決。貧困殘疾人的特殊需求得到更好保障，8萬余名家庭經(jīng)濟困難的殘疾兒童接受普惠性學(xué)前教育。65.3萬戶貧困重度殘疾人家庭完成無障礙改造，貧困重度殘疾人照護服務(wù)創(chuàng)新實踐取得顯著成效。
Strengthening the protection of impoverished people with disabilities in an all-round way. More than 7 million poor people with disabilities have been lifted out of poverty as scheduled. This is a historic achievement in poverty alleviation among groups with special difficulties. The systems for providing living allowances for poor people with disabilities and nursing subsidies for severely disabled persons cover more than 24 million. China includes 10.67 million people with disabilities in the system of subsistence allowances. Poor people with disabilities are now all covered by basic medical insurance and serious illness insurance. Among them, 547,000 people have received medical assistance. China has made efforts to ensure 1.79 million poor households with one or more disabled members live in secure housing. The special needs of impoverished people with disabilities are being met. More than 80,000 disadvantaged children with disabilities have received generally beneficiary pre-school education. The houses of 653,000 impoverished households with severely disabled members have been upgraded for better accessibility. New progress has been made in nursing care for poor and severely disabled people.

（五）貧困地區(qū)基層治理能力顯著提升
5. Significantly Improving Grassroots Social Governance in Poverty-stricken Areas

脫貧攻堅是國家治理體系和治理能力現(xiàn)代化在貧困治理領(lǐng)域的成功實踐。打贏脫貧攻堅戰(zhàn)，促進了國家貧困治理體系的完善，貧困地區(qū)基層治理體系進一步健全、治理能力顯著提升。
The fight against poverty is a successful exercise in the modernization of China's system and capacity for governance. Our success in this battle has improved our poverty governance, and significantly improved China's systems and capacity for grassroots social governance in impoverished areas.

農(nóng)村基層黨組織更加堅強。農(nóng)村基層黨組織是中國共產(chǎn)黨在農(nóng)村全部工作和戰(zhàn)斗力的基礎(chǔ)，是貫徹落實扶貧工作決策部署的戰(zhàn)斗堡壘。堅持抓黨建促脫貧攻堅、抓扶貧先強班子，整頓軟弱渙散基層黨組織，精準(zhǔn)選派貧困村黨組織第一書記、駐村工作隊，把農(nóng)村致富能手、退役軍人、外出務(wù)工經(jīng)商返鄉(xiāng)人員、農(nóng)民合作社負(fù)責(zé)人、大學(xué)生村官等群體中具有奉獻精神、吃苦耐勞、勇于創(chuàng)新的優(yōu)秀黨員選配到村黨組織書記崗位上，基層黨組織的戰(zhàn)斗堡壘作用不斷增強，凝聚力戰(zhàn)斗力號召力明顯提高，黨群干群關(guān)系更加密切，貧困地區(qū)群眾對黨和政府的信賴、信任、信心進一步增強，黨在農(nóng)村的執(zhí)政基礎(chǔ)更加牢固。
Stronger grassroots Party organizations in rural areas. Grassroots Party organizations are the cornerstone of the CPC's rural work, playing a key role in ensuring that decisions and plans on poverty alleviation are implemented. China has strengthened the leading group to win this battle against poverty. Weak and slack grassroots Party organizations have been rectified and consolidated, and first Party secretaries and resident working teams are carefully selected and dispatched to poverty-stricken villages. We select a range of people as village leaders to hold the post of secretary of village Party organizations – hard-working, dedicated, and innovative Party members from those who have lifted themselves out of poverty in rural areas, veterans, returning migrant workers and business people, heads of farmer cooperatives, and college graduates. Village Party branches perform a decisive role in this battle, and continue to enhance their cohesion and skills. With closer relations between the villagers and village officials, and between the Party and the people, people in poverty-stricken areas have greater trust and confidence in the Party and the government, laying solid foundations for the Party's governance in rural areas.

基層群眾自治更加有效。脫貧攻堅有力推動了貧困地區(qū)基層民主政治建設(shè)，基層治理更具活力。村委會（居委會）作用更好發(fā)揮，貧困群眾自我管理、自我教育、自我服務(wù)、自我監(jiān)督不斷加強。認(rèn)真落實村（居）務(wù)公開，堅持重大問題民主決策。堅持群眾的事由群眾商量著辦，群眾的事由群眾定，群眾參與基層治理的積極性主動性創(chuàng)造性進一步增強。脫貧攻堅之初，很多貧困村幾乎沒有集體經(jīng)濟收入，到2020年底全國貧困村的村均集體經(jīng)濟收入超過12萬元。穩(wěn)定的集體經(jīng)濟收入改變了很多村級組織過去沒錢辦事的困境，增強了村級組織自我保障和服務(wù)群眾的能力。
Grassroots governance is becoming more effective. Grassroots democracy has advanced in poverty-stricken areas as a result of the battle against poverty, inspiring vitality in local communities. Villagers and residents committees are more actively involved, while the poor are able to do more in improving their own management, education, services and supervision. Village affairs have become more transparent, so that villagers can discuss and direct their own affairs and engage in democratic decision-making on issues of importance. The public are becoming increasingly active and are breaking new ground in grassroots governance. At the beginning of poverty alleviation, many poor villages had little collective income. By the end of 2020, the average collective income in impoverished villages across the country had exceeded RMB120,000. With a steady collective income, many village organizations have become more capable of keeping operations running and serving the people.

懂農(nóng)業(yè)、愛農(nóng)村、愛農(nóng)民的“三農(nóng)”工作隊伍不斷壯大。2013年以來，全國累計選派300多萬名第一書記和駐村干部開展精準(zhǔn)幫扶。廣大基層干部和扶貧干部心系貧困群眾、甘愿犧牲奉獻，滿腔熱情地為貧困群眾辦實事、解難題，贏得了貧困群眾發(fā)自內(nèi)心的認(rèn)可。在脫貧攻堅的艱苦磨礪中，廣大基層干部和扶貧干部堅韌、樂觀、充滿奮斗精神，帶領(lǐng)群眾脫貧致富的信心更加堅定、本領(lǐng)進一步增強。大批教育、科技、醫(yī)療衛(wèi)生、文化等領(lǐng)域的專業(yè)人才支援貧困地區(qū)建設(shè)，大批企業(yè)家到貧困地區(qū)投資興業(yè)，很多高校畢業(yè)生放棄城市的優(yōu)厚待遇回到農(nóng)村建設(shè)家鄉(xiāng)。變富變美的農(nóng)村吸引力不斷增強，大批熱愛農(nóng)村、扎根農(nóng)村、建設(shè)農(nóng)村的人才留下來，為農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村現(xiàn)代化繼續(xù)貢獻力量。
Increasing the number of rural service personnel who have a good knowledge of agriculture, love our rural areas, and care about rural people. Since 2013, more than 3 million first Party secretaries and resident working team members have been selected and dispatched to carry out targeted poverty alleviation. Officials working at the grassroots and poverty relief officials always concern themselves first and foremost with the interests of the poor. They dedicate themselves to practical actions and solving tough problems for the poor, and thereby win public approval. Going through hardships in the battle against poverty, persistent, optimistic, hard-working grassroots officials and poverty relief officials have become more confident in motivating people to shake off poverty and more capable of doing it. A large number of professionals and entrepreneurs in fields such as education, science and technology, healthcare and culture have gone to poverty-stricken regions to aid construction and make investments. Many college graduates have resisted the temptation of much better pay and benefits in cities to go back and help their hometowns in rural areas. Becoming more prosperous and attractive, rural areas are better able to attract and retain talented professionals who love the countryside, encouraging them to take roots and assist with agricultural and rural modernization.

社會治理水平明顯提升。脫貧攻堅為貧困地區(qū)帶來了先進發(fā)展理念、現(xiàn)代科技手段、科學(xué)管理模式，顯著提升了貧困地區(qū)的社會治理水平。脫貧攻堅行之有效的制度體系和方法手段，為基層社會治理探索了新路徑，促進了網(wǎng)格化管理、精細(xì)化服務(wù)、信息化支撐、開放共享的基層管理服務(wù)體系的建立和完善，社會治理的社會化、法治化、智能化、專業(yè)化水平進一步提升，基層社會矛盾預(yù)防和化解能力顯著增強，貧困地區(qū)社會更加和諧、穩(wěn)定、有序。
Notable progress made in strengthening China's capacity for social governance. China's poverty relief efforts have brought advanced concepts of development, modern technology, and scientific management models to impoverished areas, significantly improving social governance. In the process, China has explored new ways in grassroots social governance, and put in place an open and information-based grassroots system to provide a gridded management model and better services for everyone. All these have strengthened public participation and rule of law in social governance, and made it smarter and more specialized, improving the ability of the grassroots to prevent and resolve conflicts, and helping maintain harmony, stability and order in impoverished areas.

脫貧攻堅戰(zhàn)取得全面勝利，創(chuàng)造了中國減貧史乃至人類減貧史上的偉大奇跡，極大增強了中華民族的自信心自豪感和凝聚力向心力，極大增強了中國人民的道路自信、理論自信、制度自信、文化自信，極大增強了中國人民創(chuàng)造更加美好生活的信心和底氣。這一偉大勝利，彰顯了中國共產(chǎn)黨始終堅守的初心使命和強大政治領(lǐng)導(dǎo)力、思想引領(lǐng)力、群眾組織力、社會號召力，彰顯了中國特色社會主義制度集中力量辦大事的優(yōu)勢，彰顯了中國精神、中國價值、中國力量，彰顯了中國人民為實現(xiàn)夢想拼搏奮斗、敢教日月?lián)Q新天的意志品質(zhì)，彰顯了中華民族無所畏懼、不屈不撓、敢于斗爭、堅決戰(zhàn)勝前進道路上一切困難和挑戰(zhàn)的精神品格。脫貧攻堅偉大實踐鍛造形成“上下同心、盡銳出戰(zhàn)、精準(zhǔn)務(wù)實、開拓創(chuàng)新、攻堅克難、不負(fù)人民”的脫貧攻堅精神，賡續(xù)傳承了偉大民族精神和時代精神，將激勵中國人民為創(chuàng)造美好未來繼續(xù)奮斗。
Our complete victory over extreme poverty is an outstanding achievement in the history of both China and humanity. It has reinforced the Chinese nation's self-belief and its sense of pride, cohesiveness and affinity. It has strengthened the people's confidence in the path, theory, system, and culture of socialism with Chinese characteristics, and given them trust in their ability to build a better life. This great victory shows that the CPC has held fast to its original aspiration and mission, and demonstrates its ability to lead politically, to guide through theory, to organize the people, and to inspire society. It shows the strength of socialism with Chinese characteristics in pooling resources to solve major problems. It highlights China's spirit, China's values, China's strength, and the willpower of the Chinese people to strive to realize dreams with bold resolve which dares to make sun and moon shine in new skies. It exemplifies the fearless and indomitable character of the Chinese nation, determined to struggle and resolutely overcome all difficulties and challenges along the way. A will to unite as one, do our best, set targets, adopt a pragmatic approach, be pioneers, innovate, tackle tough issues head-on, and live up to our people's trust, has formed in the great endeavors of poverty alleviation. It has fostered a Chinese ethos and a readiness to respond to the call of our times, and will continue to inspire our people to create a better future.