二、新疆人口的現(xiàn)狀
II. Latest Demographics of Xinjiang

2020年第七次全國人口普查初步匯總數(shù)據(jù)顯示，新疆總?cè)丝?585.23萬人，漢族人口1092.01萬人，少數(shù)民族人口1493.22萬人。與第六次全國人口普查相比，10年間，新疆人口增速居全國第4位，人口增量居全國第8位，人口總量的排位由第25位上升到第21位。
According to preliminary data from the seventh national census in 2020, the total population of Xinjiang was 25.85 million, among which the Han ethnic group numbered 10.92 million, and ethnic minorities 14.93 million. Compared with the data from the sixth national census in 2010, Xinjiang ranked fourth among 31 provinces and equivalent administrative units on China’s mainland in terms of the population growth rate. It ranked eighth in terms of the actual increase in population over that period. By 2020, Xinjiang’s total population ranking had risen from 25th to 21st in the country.

從性別結(jié)構(gòu)看，新疆人口中，男性人口1335.44萬人，占總?cè)丝诘?1.66%；女性人口1249.8萬人，占總?cè)丝诘?8.34%；總?cè)丝谛詣e比（每100名女性相對應(yīng)的男性人數(shù)）為106.85，與第六次全國人口普查基本持平。
Gender composition: Of Xinjiang’s population in 2020, 13.35 million (51.66 percent) were male while 12.5 million (48.34 percent) were female. The male to female ratio was 106.85:100, basically the same as in 2010.

從年齡結(jié)構(gòu)看，新疆0－14歲人口580.62萬人，占22.46%；15－59歲人口1712.92萬人，占66.26%；60歲及以上人口291.7萬人，占11.28%。與2010年相比，0－14歲人口比例上升2.01個百分點，60歲及以上人口比例上升1.62個百分點。與全國平均水平相比，新疆0－14歲人口比例比全國的17.95%高4.51個百分點；60歲及以上人口比例比全國的18.7%低7.42個百分點，人口的老齡化程度相對較低。
Age breakdown: In 2020, there were 5.81 million in the 0-14 age group, accounting for 22.46 percent; 17.13 million in the 15-59 age group, accounting for 66.26 percent; and 2.92 million in the age group of 60 and above, accounting for 11.28 percent. Compared with 2010, the proportions of people in the age groups from 0 to 14, and 60 and above were up by 2.01 and 1.62 percentage points. In 2020, Xinjiang’s share of people in the 0-14 age group was 4.51 percentage points higher than the national average of 17.95 percent; and its share of people in the age group of 60 and above was 7.42 percentage points lower than the national average of 18.7 percent. The aging of its population was relatively moderate.

從受教育程度看，新疆15歲及以上人口的平均受教育年限由2010年9.27年提高至2020年10.11年，比全國人口平均受教育年限9.91年高出0.2年，居全國第10位。與2010年相比，每10萬人口中擁有大學文化程度的由10613人增加到16536人；擁有高中文化程度的由11669人增加到13208人；擁有初中文化程度的由36241人降低至31559人；擁有小學文化程度的由30085人降低至28405人。
Education: The average years of schooling for people aged 15 and above rose from 9.27 years in 2010 to 10.11 years in 2020, 0.2 years higher than the national average of 9.91, and ranking 10th across the nation. Compared with 2010, the number of people with university education rose from 10,613 to 16,536 per 100,000 persons; those with high school education grew from 11,669 to 13,208; those with middle school education dropped from 36,241 to 31,559; and those with primary education fell from 30,085 to 28,405.

從健康水平看，新疆人口2019年平均預(yù)期壽命74.7歲，比2010年提高2.35歲。嬰兒死亡率、5歲以下兒童死亡率、孕產(chǎn)婦死亡率分別由2010年的26.58‰、31.95‰、43.41/10萬降至2020年的6.75‰、10.91‰、17.89/10萬。2019年每千人執(zhí)業(yè)醫(yī)師數(shù)和醫(yī)療衛(wèi)生機構(gòu)床位數(shù)分別達到2.7人和7.39床，分別比2010年增加了0.58人和1.93床。
Health: The average life expectancy of people in Xinjiang was 74.7 in 2019, up 2.35 years from 2010. Infant mortality rate, mortality rate for children under five years of age, and maternal mortality rate went down from 26.58 per 1,000, 31.95 per 1,000, and 43.41 per 100,000 in 2010 to 6.75 per 1,000, 10.91 per 1,000, and 17.89 per 100,000 in 2020. In 2019, practicing doctors and hospital beds per 1,000 persons numbered 2.7 and 7.39, up 0.58 and 1.93 over 2010.

從城鄉(xiāng)和流動人口結(jié)構(gòu)看，2020年新疆城鎮(zhèn)人口1461.36萬人，鄉(xiāng)村人口1123.87萬人，分別占總?cè)丝诘?6.53%、43.47%。與2010年相比，城鎮(zhèn)人口增加527.79萬人，鄉(xiāng)村人口減少124.13萬人，城鎮(zhèn)人口比例上升13.73個百分點。新疆流動人口805.14萬人。其中，疆內(nèi)流動人口466.07萬人，跨省流入人口339.07萬人。與2010年相比，流動人口增加406.11萬人，增長101.78%。
Rural, urban and floating populations: In 2020, there were 14.61 million people living in the urban areas of Xinjiang, accounting for 56.53 percent; 11.24 million living in the rural areas, accounting for 43.47 percent. Compared with 2010, the urban population increased by 5.28 million and the rural population decreased by 1.24 million. The share of urban population went up by 13.73 percentage points. As of 2020, the floating population in Xinjiang numbered 8.05 million, with 4.66 million moving within the autonomous region and 3.39 million moving to Xinjiang from other parts of the country. Compared with 2010, the floating population grew by 4.06 million, an increase of 101.78 percent.

從區(qū)域分布看，新疆現(xiàn)有14個地（州、市），其中，北疆9個、南疆5個。歷史上，南北疆人口數(shù)量相差較大，南疆人口一度占全疆人口的三分之二以上。隨著經(jīng)濟社會的發(fā)展，南北疆人口分布趨于平衡。2020年，北疆人口1330.91萬人，占總?cè)丝诘?1.48%，比2010年的1135.29萬人，增加195.62萬人；南疆人口1254.32萬人，占48.52%，比2010年的1046.29萬人，增加208.03萬人。
Regional distribution: Xinjiang now has 14 prefectural-level areas – 9 in northern Xinjiang and 5 in southern Xinjiang. In the past, there was a big population gap between north and south. The population of southern Xinjiang once accounted for over two thirds of the region’s total. This gap has been gradually bridged thanks to economic and social development. In 2020, the population of northern Xinjiang was 13.31 million, making up 51.48 percent of the total, up by 1.96 million from 11.35 million in 2010. The population of southern Xinjiang was 12.54 million, accounting for 48.52 percent of the total, an increase of 2.08 million from 10.46 million in 2010.

三、維吾爾族人口的發(fā)展
III. Demographic Changes in the Uygur Population

新中國成立以來，新疆進入和平發(fā)展時期。1955年，新疆維吾爾自治區(qū)成立，黨和國家在新疆實行民族區(qū)域自治制度，堅持各民族一律平等，實施一系列特殊扶持政策，維吾爾族等少數(shù)民族人口進入了歷史上最好的發(fā)展時期。
Xinjiang has enjoyed peace and development since 1949. After the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region was established in 1955, the CPC and the central government implemented regional autonomy to ensure the equal status of all ethnic groups, and adopted a series of preferential policies to assist and support regional development. Ethnic minority groups in Xinjiang, including the Uygurs, entered an optimal period for development.

從人口增長看，新疆維吾爾族人口持續(xù)增長。根據(jù)歷次全國人口普查數(shù)據(jù)，維吾爾族人口1953年為360.76萬人，1964年399.16萬人，1982年595.59萬人，1990年719.18萬人，2000年834.56萬人，2010年1000.13萬人，2020年1162.43萬人。每兩次普查間凈增人口分別為38.4萬人、196.43萬人、123.59萬人、115.38萬人、165.57萬人、162.3萬人，年均增長率分別為0.92%、2.25%、2.38%、1.5%、1.83%、1.52%。
The Uygur population in Xinjiang has continued to grow.

上述數(shù)據(jù)表明，新中國成立后，維吾爾族人口總體保持較高增長水平，與新疆人口發(fā)展的趨勢基本一致。
These data show that since the founding of the PRC, the Uygur population has maintained a relatively high growth rate, a trend shared with the total population growth of the region.

進入新世紀以來，維吾爾族人口從2000年的834.56萬人增長至2020年的1162.43萬人，年均增長率1.67%，遠高于同期全國少數(shù)民族人口年均增長率0.83%的水平。
In particular, the Uygur population grew at a CAGR of 1.67 percent during the first two decades in the 21st century, which was much higher than that of the country’s ethnic minority population, which stood at 0.83 percent.

從年齡結(jié)構(gòu)看，維吾爾族人口與全疆人口相比，年齡結(jié)構(gòu)輕。2020年維吾爾族0－14歲、15－59歲、60歲及以上人口占比分別為30.51%、60.95%、8.54%。2020年全疆0－14歲、15－59歲、60歲及以上人口占比分別為22.46%、66.26%、11.28%。
The Uygur population is on average younger than the overall region. In 2020, in the 0-14, 15-59, and 60 and above age groups, the Uygur proportions were 30.51 percent, 60.95 percent and 8.54 percent, while the overall figures for the region were 22.46 percent, 66.26 percent and 11.28 percent.

從受教育程度看，維吾爾族受教育水平不斷提高。第七次全國人口普查數(shù)據(jù)顯示，維吾爾族每10萬人中擁有大學文化程度的人口為8944人，與2000年相比增加6540人，15歲及以上人口受教育年限從2000年的7.06年提高到2020年的9.19年。
The education level of the Uygur population has also continued to improve. According to data from the seventh national census in 2020, 8,944 per 100,000 Uygurs had received a university education, an increase of 6,540 compared to 2000. The average years in education for those aged 15 and above also grew from 7.06 to 9.19.

從區(qū)域分布看，維吾爾族人口主要分布在喀什、和田、阿克蘇、克州等南疆四地州。據(jù)2020年全國人口普查數(shù)據(jù)，南疆四地州維吾爾族人口占當?shù)厝丝诘?3.74%，占全疆維吾爾族人口的74.01%。其中，喀什、和田等地區(qū)，維吾爾族人口在200萬以上，阿克蘇地區(qū)接近200萬。
Xinjiang’s Uygurs are mainly distributed in Kashgar Prefecture, Hotan Prefecture, Aksu Prefecture, and Kizilsu Kirgiz Autonomous Prefecture in the southern part of the region. According to data from the 2020 national census, Uygurs accounted for 83.74 percent of the population in these four prefectures, representing 74.01 percent of the total Uygur population in Xinjiang. The Uygur population has surpassed 2 million in both Kashgar and Hotan, and is approaching 2 million in Aksu.