四、深化全球生物多樣性保護(hù)合作
IV. Further Global Cooperation on Biodiversity Conservation

面對生物多樣性喪失的全球性挑戰(zhàn)，各國是同舟共濟(jì)的命運(yùn)共同體。中國堅(jiān)定踐行多邊主義，積極開展生物多樣性保護(hù)國際合作，廣泛協(xié)商、凝聚共識，為推進(jìn)全球生物多樣性保護(hù)貢獻(xiàn)中國智慧，與國際社會(huì)共同構(gòu)建人與自然生命共同體。
Facing the global challenge of biodiversity loss, all countries form a community of shared future. China firmly practices multilateralism and actively carries out international cooperation on biodiversity conservation through extensive consultations to build consensus. It is contributing solutions to global biodiversity conservation and working together with the international community to build a shared future for humanity and nature.

（一）積極履行國際公約
1. Actively Implementing International Conventions

中國積極履行《生物多樣性公約》及其議定書，促進(jìn)相關(guān)公約協(xié)同增效，展現(xiàn)大國擔(dān)當(dāng)，在全球生物多樣性保護(hù)和治理進(jìn)程中發(fā)揮重要作用。
By actively implementing the Convention on Biological Diversity and related protocols, with a strong sense of responsibility as a major country, China has worked to enhance synergies among biodiversity-related conventions and played an important role in global biodiversity conservation and governance.

積極履行《生物多樣性公約》及其議定書。1992年以來，中國堅(jiān)定支持生物多樣性多邊治理體系，采取一系列政策和措施，切實(shí)履行公約義務(wù)。作為公約及其議定書的締約方，按時(shí)高質(zhì)量提交國家報(bào)告，2019年7月提交了《中國履行〈生物多樣性公約〉第六次國家報(bào)告》，同年10月提交了《中國履行〈卡塔赫納生物安全議定書〉第四次國家報(bào)告》。2019年以來，中國成為《生物多樣性公約》及其議定書核心預(yù)算的最大捐助國，有力支持了《生物多樣性公約》的運(yùn)作和執(zhí)行。近年來，中國持續(xù)加大對全球環(huán)境基金捐資力度，已成為全球環(huán)境基金最大的發(fā)展中國家捐資國，有力地支持了全球生物多樣性保護(hù)。
Actively implementing the Convention on Biological Diversity and related protocols. China firmly supports the multilateral governance system for biodiversity, and has adopted strong policies and measures to fulfill its obligations under the Convention since 1992. As an important signing party of the Convention and its protocols, China has submitted high-quality national reports on a regular basis. In July 2019, China submitted its Sixth National Report to the Convention on Biological Diversity and in October the Fourth National Report to the Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety.

Since 2019 China has been the largest contributor to the core budget of the Convention and its protocols, and has strongly supported its operation and implementation. In recent years, China has continued to increase its contributions to the Global Environment Facility (GEF), and has become the largest developing country contributor to the GEF, lending strong support to global biodiversity conservation.

促進(jìn)生物多樣性相關(guān)公約協(xié)同增效。生物多樣性與其他生態(tài)環(huán)境問題聯(lián)系密切，中國支持協(xié)同打造更牢固的全球生態(tài)安全屏障，構(gòu)筑尊重自然的生態(tài)系統(tǒng)，協(xié)同推動(dòng)《生物多樣性公約》與其他國際公約共同發(fā)揮作用。中國持續(xù)推進(jìn)《瀕危野生動(dòng)植物種國際貿(mào)易公約》《聯(lián)合國氣候變化框架公約》《聯(lián)合國防治荒漠化公約》《關(guān)于特別是作為水禽棲息地的國際重要濕地公約》《聯(lián)合國森林文書》等進(jìn)程，與相關(guān)國際機(jī)構(gòu)合作建立國際荒漠化防治知識管理中心，與新西蘭共同牽頭組織“基于自然的解決方案”領(lǐng)域工作，并將其作為應(yīng)對氣候變化、生物多樣性喪失的協(xié)同解決方案。2020年9月，中國宣布力爭2030年前實(shí)現(xiàn)碳達(dá)峰、2060年前實(shí)現(xiàn)碳中和，為全球應(yīng)對和減緩氣候變化作出中國貢獻(xiàn)。
Enhancing synergies among biodiversity-related conventions. Biodiversity is closely related to other eco-environmental issues. China supports collaborative efforts in building a stronger global ecological security barrier and an ecosystem that respects nature, and is ready to work with all the parties to push for a joint role for the Convention and other international conventions.

China takes an active part in implementing the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora, the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, the United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification, the Convention on Wetlands of International Importance Especially as Waterfowl Habitat, and the documents of the UN Forum on Forests. In cooperation with relevant international organizations, China has established the International Desertification Control Knowledge Management Center. China and New Zealand jointly led the efforts on Nature-based Solutions (NBS) projects, making NBS a synergistic solution in combating climate change and biodiversity loss.

In September 2020, China announced that it will strive to peak carbon emissions by 2030 and achieve carbon neutrality by 2060, contributing its share to the global response to climate change mitigation.

推動(dòng)履約取得明顯成效。中國為推動(dòng)實(shí)現(xiàn)2020年全球生物多樣性保護(hù)目標(biāo)和聯(lián)合國2030年可持續(xù)發(fā)展目標(biāo)作出積極貢獻(xiàn)。自發(fā)布《中國生物多樣性保護(hù)戰(zhàn)略與行動(dòng)計(jì)劃》（2011－2030年）以來，中國通過完善法律法規(guī)和體制機(jī)制、加強(qiáng)就地和遷地保護(hù)、推動(dòng)公眾參與、深化國際合作等政策措施，有力推動(dòng)改善了生態(tài)環(huán)境。其中，設(shè)立陸地自然保護(hù)區(qū)、恢復(fù)和保障重要生態(tài)系統(tǒng)服務(wù)、增加生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的復(fù)原力和碳儲(chǔ)量等3項(xiàng)目標(biāo)超額完成，生物多樣性主流化、可持續(xù)管理農(nóng)林漁業(yè)、可持續(xù)生產(chǎn)和消費(fèi)等13項(xiàng)目標(biāo)取得良好進(jìn)展。
Achieving remarkable results in fulfilling obligations. China has made positive contribution to the 2020 global biodiversity targets (the Aichi targets) and the United Nations 2030 Sustainable Development Goals.

In 2010, the China National Biodiversity Conservation Strategy and Action Plan (2011-2030) was published. Since then, China has been working for a better eco-environment by improving the legal system and other mechanisms, strengthening in-situ and ex-situ conservation, increasing public participation, and boosting international cooperation and exchanges on biodiversity.

China has over-fulfilled three of the Aichi targets – establishing terrestrial nature reserves, restoring and ensuring important ecosystem services, and increasing ecosystem resilience and carbon storage – and made progress in 13 targets, including mainstreaming biodiversity, sustainable management of agriculture, forestry and fishery, and sustainable production and consumption.

（二）增進(jìn)國際交流合作
2. Strengthening International Exchanges and Cooperation

中國堅(jiān)持多邊主義，注重廣泛開展合作交流，凝聚全球生物多樣性保護(hù)治理合力。借助“一帶一路”“南南合作”等多邊合作機(jī)制，為發(fā)展中國家保護(hù)生物多樣性提供支持，努力構(gòu)建地球生命共同體。
China is an advocate of multilateralism. It engages in extensive cooperation and exchanges, pooling global forces in biodiversity conservation and governance. With the help of multilateral cooperation mechanisms such as the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) and South-South Cooperation, China has provided support for biodiversity conservation in developing countries and is striving to build a shared future for all life on Earth.

建立“一帶一路”綠色發(fā)展多邊合作機(jī)制。中國將生態(tài)文明領(lǐng)域合作作為高質(zhì)量共建“一帶一路”重點(diǎn)內(nèi)容，采取綠色基建、綠色能源、綠色金融等系列舉措，為沿線國家提供資金、技術(shù)、能力建設(shè)等方面支持，幫助他們加速綠色低碳轉(zhuǎn)型，持續(xù)造福沿線各國人民。成立“一帶一路”綠色發(fā)展國際聯(lián)盟，40多個(gè)國家成為合作伙伴，在生物多樣性保護(hù)、全球氣候變化治理與綠色轉(zhuǎn)型等方面開展合作。建設(shè)“一帶一路”生態(tài)環(huán)保大數(shù)據(jù)服務(wù)平臺(tái)，吸納100多個(gè)國家生物多樣性相關(guān)數(shù)據(jù)，為“一帶一路”綠色發(fā)展提供數(shù)據(jù)支持。實(shí)施綠色絲路使者計(jì)劃，與發(fā)展中國家共同加強(qiáng)環(huán)保能力建設(shè)，通過開展培訓(xùn)、項(xiàng)目合作等形式，為有關(guān)國家落實(shí)《聯(lián)合國2030年可持續(xù)發(fā)展議程》提供幫助。
Establishing multilateral cooperation mechanisms for green development under the BRI. China regards cooperation in eco-civilization as a key component of the BRI, and has adopted a series of green measures in infrastructure, energy, and finance to support participating countries with fund, technology and capacity building. These measures are helping them transform faster to green, low-carbon growth to the benefit of the people.

China has established the Belt and Road Initiative International Green Development Coalition, with international partners from over 40 countries. The Coalition facilitates cooperation on biodiversity conservation, global climate change governance and green transformation.

The BRI Environment Big Data Platform is in the making. The platform aims to collect biodiversity data from over 100 countries and provides data in support of the initiative’s green development.

A Green Silk Road Envoy Program has been launched to jointly build environmental protection capacity with other developing countries. Under the program, China has helped relevant countries, through training and other project cooperation, to implement the United Nations 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development.

深化生物多樣性保護(hù)“南南合作”。中國在“南南合作”框架下積極為發(fā)展中國家保護(hù)生物多樣性提供支持，全球80多個(gè)國家受益。建立瀾滄江－湄公河環(huán)境合作中心，定期舉行瀾滄江－湄公河環(huán)境合作圓桌對話，圍繞生態(tài)系統(tǒng)管理、生物多樣性保護(hù)等議題進(jìn)行交流。建立中國－東盟環(huán)境合作中心，與東盟國家合作開發(fā)和實(shí)施“生物多樣性與生態(tài)系統(tǒng)保護(hù)合作計(jì)劃”“大湄公河次區(qū)域核心環(huán)境項(xiàng)目與生物多樣性保護(hù)走廊計(jì)劃”等項(xiàng)目，在生物多樣性保護(hù)、廊道規(guī)劃和管理以及社區(qū)生計(jì)改善等方面取得豐碩成果。建立中國科學(xué)院東南亞生物多樣性研究中心，開展聯(lián)合科學(xué)考察、重大科學(xué)研究、政策咨詢與人才培養(yǎng)等工作。建立中非環(huán)境合作中心，促進(jìn)環(huán)境技術(shù)合作，共享綠色發(fā)展機(jī)遇。
Stepping up South-South cooperation. China has provided support for more than 80 developing countries in biodiversity conservation under the framework of South-South cooperation.

China has established a center for the Lancang-Mekong environmental cooperation, and hosted regular roundtable meetings with a focus on ecosystem management and biodiversity conservation. It has set up the China-ASEAN Environmental Cooperation Center, and launched and implemented with ASEAN member states a number of cooperation initiatives, including the China-ASEAN Cooperation Plan on Biodiversity and Ecological Conservation, and the Core Environment Program and Biodiversity Conservation Corridors Initiative in the Greater Mekong Subregion. Fruitful results have been achieved in biodiversity conservation, corridor planning and management, and community livelihood improvement. The Southeast Asia Biodiversity Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS-SEABRI) was unveiled in 2015 to carry out joint field studies, major scientific research, policy consultation, and personnel training. The China-Africa Environment Cooperation Center has been established for cooperation on environmental technology and for sharing green development opportunities.

廣泛開展雙多邊合作。堅(jiān)持共商共建共享原則，不斷深化生物多樣性領(lǐng)域?qū)ν夂献?。積極參加聯(lián)合國生物多樣性峰會(huì)、領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人氣候峰會(huì)等國際會(huì)議及活動(dòng)，為保護(hù)生物多樣性、促進(jìn)可持續(xù)發(fā)展注入動(dòng)力。組織召開“2020年后全球生物多樣性展望：共建地球生命共同體”部長級在線圓桌會(huì)，共商2020年后生物多樣性全球治理。中法兩國共同發(fā)布《中法生物多樣性保護(hù)和氣候變化北京倡議》。與俄羅斯、日本等國家展開候鳥保護(hù)的長期合作。與俄羅斯、蒙古國、老撾、越南等國家合作，建立跨境自然保護(hù)地和生態(tài)廊道，其中，中俄跨境自然保護(hù)區(qū)內(nèi)物種數(shù)量持續(xù)增長，野生東北虎開始在中俄保護(hù)地間自由遷移；中老跨境生物多樣性聯(lián)合保護(hù)區(qū)面積達(dá)20萬公頃，有效保護(hù)亞洲象等珍稀瀕危物種及其棲息地。中國還與德國、英國、南非等分別建立雙邊合作機(jī)制，就生物多樣性和生態(tài)系統(tǒng)服務(wù)、氣候變化和生物安全等領(lǐng)域開展廣泛的合作與交流，與日本、韓國建立中日韓三國生物多樣性政策對話機(jī)制。
Carrying out extensive bilateral and multilateral cooperation. Following the principles of extensive consultation, joint contribution and shared benefits, China has constantly expanded biodiversity cooperation.

It has taken an active part in international conferences and activities, including the United Nations Summit on Biodiversity and the Leaders’ Summit on Climate, giving impetus to biodiversity conservation and sustainable development. In 2020, China organized an online ministerial roundtable “Biodiversity Beyond 2020: Building a Shared Future for All Life on Earth” to discuss global biodiversity governance after 2020.

China and France jointly issued the Beijing Call for Biodiversity Conservation and Climate Change in 2019. China carries out long-term cooperation on migratory bird protection with Russia, Japan and other countries. China has worked with Russia, Mongolia, Laos, Vietnam and other countries in establishing transboundary PAs and ecological corridors. The number of species in the China-Russia transboundary nature reserve continues to grow, and wild Siberian tigers are beginning to migrate freely between PAs in Russia and China. The China-Laos transboundary biodiversity reserve, with an area of 200,000 hectares, effectively protects rare and endangered species such as Asian elephants and their habitats. China has established bilateral cooperation mechanisms with Germany, the United Kingdom, South Africa, and some other countries, through which extensive cooperation and exchanges on biodiversity and ecosystem services, climate change, and biosecurity have been carried out. It has established a mechanism of tripartite policy dialogue on biodiversity with Japan and the ROK.

結(jié)束語
Conclusion

地球是人類共同生活和守護(hù)的家園，生物多樣性是人類賴以生存和發(fā)展的基礎(chǔ)，是地球生命共同體的血脈和根基。面對生物多樣性喪失的全球性挑戰(zhàn)，全人類是休戚與共的命運(yùn)共同體。
The Earth is the homeland of humanity and we should protect it together. Biodiversity is the foundation for human survival and development, and the bloodline of all life on Earth. Facing the global challenge of biodiversity loss, humanity is one community that shares one and the same future.

中國已經(jīng)踏上全面建設(shè)社會(huì)主義現(xiàn)代化國家的新征程，生態(tài)文明建設(shè)具備更多條件，同時(shí)，也面臨很多挑戰(zhàn)，生物多樣性保護(hù)任重而道遠(yuǎn)。展望未來，中國將秉持人與自然生命共同體理念，把生物多樣性保護(hù)作為生態(tài)文明建設(shè)重要內(nèi)容，持續(xù)推進(jìn)生物多樣性治理體系和治理能力現(xiàn)代化，改善自然生態(tài)系統(tǒng)狀況，提升生態(tài)服務(wù)功能，提高生態(tài)產(chǎn)品供給能力，實(shí)現(xiàn)自然生態(tài)系統(tǒng)良性循環(huán)，不斷滿足人民日益增長的優(yōu)美生態(tài)環(huán)境需求。
On its new journey towards a modern socialist country, China is now equipped with better resources for boosting eco-civilization. But it also faces many challenges and heavy tasks. Looking to the future, China will uphold the idea of a shared future for humanity and nature, treat biodiversity conservation as an important part of eco-civilization, and continue to modernize its biodiversity governance system and capabilities. It will work to improve natural ecosystems, reinforce eco-environmental services, and provide more eco-environmental products, to achieve a virtuous cycle of natural ecosystems and meet the people’s growing demand for a beautiful eco-environment.

中國將始終做萬物和諧美麗家園的維護(hù)者、建設(shè)者和貢獻(xiàn)者，與國際社會(huì)攜手并進(jìn)、共同努力，開啟更加公正合理、各盡所能的全球生物多樣性治理新進(jìn)程，實(shí)現(xiàn)人與自然和諧共生美好愿景，推動(dòng)構(gòu)建人類命運(yùn)共同體，共同建設(shè)更加美好的世界。
China will always stand guard for our harmonious and beautiful planet for all life and contribute to its wellbeing with action. It will work together with the international community on a new model of global biodiversity governance that is fairer and more reasonable, with each member contributing its share, so as to realize the worldwide vision of harmonious coexistence between humanity and nature. It will continue to help build a global community of shared future, and move forward into better times with the rest of the world.