六、加快推進(jìn)低碳交通運(yùn)輸體系建設(shè)
VI. ACCELERATING THE CONSTRUCTION OF A LOW-CARBON TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM

（十四）優(yōu)化交通運(yùn)輸結(jié)構(gòu)。加快建設(shè)綜合立體交通網(wǎng)，大力發(fā)展多式聯(lián)運(yùn)，提高鐵路、水路在綜合運(yùn)輸中的承運(yùn)比重，持續(xù)降低運(yùn)輸能耗和二氧化碳排放強(qiáng)度。優(yōu)化客運(yùn)組織，引導(dǎo)客運(yùn)企業(yè)規(guī)模化、集約化經(jīng)營。加快發(fā)展綠色物流，整合運(yùn)輸資源，提高利用效率。
14．Improving the transportation structure. In an accelerated effort to put in place an integrated multi-dimensional transportation system, we will vigorously develop multimodal transportation and raise the proportion of rail and water transportation to achieve a sustained reduction in energy consumption and the CO2 emissions intensity in the transportation sector. The organization of passenger transportation should be improved, and passenger transportation enterprises should be guided toward larger-scale and more intensive operations. Green logistics will be developed more rapidly, and transportation resources should be integrated to ensure higher efficiency.

（十五）推廣節(jié)能低碳型交通工具。加快發(fā)展新能源和清潔能源車船，推廣智能交通，推進(jìn)鐵路電氣化改造，推動加氫站建設(shè)，促進(jìn)船舶靠港使用岸電常態(tài)化。加快構(gòu)建便利高效、適度超前的充換電網(wǎng)絡(luò)體系。提高燃油車船能效標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，健全交通運(yùn)輸裝備能效標(biāo)識制度，加快淘汰高耗能高排放老舊車船。
15．Encouraging the use of energy-conserving and low-carbon transportation vehicles. We need to develop new-energy and clean-energy vehicles and vessels more rapidly, promote intelligent transportation, move forward with the electrification of railways, push forward construction of hydrogen refueling stations, and make the use of onshore power as a routine practice for vessels approaching ports. We need to have an appropriate degree of forward planning as we move faster to build a convenient, efficient network of battery charging and swapping facilities. We need to raise energy efficiency standards for fossil fuel vehicles and vessels, improve the energy efficiency labeling system for transportation vehicles and equipment, and move faster to eliminate old, energy-intensive, and high-emission vehicles and vessels.

（十六）積極引導(dǎo)低碳出行。加快城市軌道交通、公交專用道、快速公交系統(tǒng)等大容量公共交通基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)，加強(qiáng)自行車專用道和行人步道等城市慢行系統(tǒng)建設(shè)。綜合運(yùn)用法律、經(jīng)濟(jì)、技術(shù)、行政等多種手段，加大城市交通擁堵治理力度。
16．Encouraging low-carbon means of transportation. We need to accelerate the development of urban rail transit, bus lanes, bus rapid transit, and other forms of large-capacity public transportation and strengthen the development of bike lanes, pedestrian walkways, and other facilities for slow urban transportation systems. Legal, economic, technical, administrative, and other means will be comprehensively utilized to tackle urban traffic congestion.

七、提升城鄉(xiāng)建設(shè)綠色低碳發(fā)展質(zhì)量
VII. IMPROVING THE QUALITY OF GREEN AND LOW-CARBON DEVELOPMENT OF URBAN AND RURAL AREAS

（十七）推進(jìn)城鄉(xiāng)建設(shè)和管理模式低碳轉(zhuǎn)型。在城鄉(xiāng)規(guī)劃建設(shè)管理各環(huán)節(jié)全面落實(shí)綠色低碳要求。推動城市組團(tuán)式發(fā)展，建設(shè)城市生態(tài)和通風(fēng)廊道，提升城市綠化水平。合理規(guī)劃城鎮(zhèn)建筑面積發(fā)展目標(biāo)，嚴(yán)格管控高能耗公共建筑建設(shè)。實(shí)施工程建設(shè)全過程綠色建造，健全建筑拆除管理制度，杜絕大拆大建。加快推進(jìn)綠色社區(qū)建設(shè)。結(jié)合實(shí)施鄉(xiāng)村建設(shè)行動，推進(jìn)縣城和農(nóng)村綠色低碳發(fā)展。
17．Promoting low-carbon transformation in urban and rural development and management mode. Green and low-carbon requirements must be applied to every link of urban and rural planning, development, and management. We will promote the development of city clusters, develop urban ecological corridors and ventilation channels, and promote afforestation in urban areas. The gross floor area for buildings in urban will be set at a reasonable level, and strict limits will be enforced on public buildings with high energy consumption. We need to ensure green building practices are applied throughout the construction process, improve the management system for the demolition of buildings, and avoid demolition and construction on a large scale. The development of green communities will be accelerated. In comprehensively advancing rural development initiatives, we need to promote the green and low-carbon development of county towns and rural areas.

（十八）大力發(fā)展節(jié)能低碳建筑。持續(xù)提高新建建筑節(jié)能標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，加快推進(jìn)超低能耗、近零能耗、低碳建筑規(guī)?；l(fā)展。大力推進(jìn)城鎮(zhèn)既有建筑和市政基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施節(jié)能改造，提升建筑節(jié)能低碳水平。逐步開展建筑能耗限額管理，推行建筑能效測評標(biāo)識，開展建筑領(lǐng)域低碳發(fā)展績效評估。全面推廣綠色低碳建材，推動建筑材料循環(huán)利用。發(fā)展綠色農(nóng)房。
18．Vigorously promoting energy-conserving and low-carbon buildings. We must continuously raise energy conservation standards for new buildings and accelerate the large-scale development of ultra-low energy, near-zero energy, and low-carbon buildings. We need to advance energy conservation retrofits of urban buildings and municipal infrastructure and ensure buildings consume less energy and emit less carbon. We will gradually introduce energy consumption caps as well as energy efficiency assessment and labeling for buildings, and we need to conduct low-carbon development assessments in the construction industry. We will comprehensively promote green and low-carbon building materials and promote the recycling of building materials. We will also encourage the development of green housing in rural areas.

（十九）加快優(yōu)化建筑用能結(jié)構(gòu)。深化可再生能源建筑應(yīng)用，加快推動建筑用能電氣化和低碳化。開展建筑屋頂光伏行動，大幅提高建筑采暖、生活熱水、炊事等電氣化普及率。在北方城鎮(zhèn)加快推進(jìn)熱電聯(lián)產(chǎn)集中供暖，加快工業(yè)余熱供暖規(guī)?；l(fā)展，積極穩(wěn)妥推進(jìn)核電余熱供暖，因地制宜推進(jìn)熱泵、燃?xì)?、生物質(zhì)能、地?zé)崮艿惹鍧嵉吞脊┡?br>19．Moving faster to improve the energy consumption structure of buildings. The use of renewable energy in buildings will be promoted, and the conversion to electric and low-carbon energy in buildings should be accelerated. We will launch rooftop photovoltaic initiatives and greatly increase the electrification rate for heating in buildings, domestic water heating, and cooking. We will move more rapidly to advance combined heat and power (CHP) central heating in cities and towns in northern China and to promote the large-scale application of residual heat from industrial processes in heating systems, while taking active and prudent steps to promote heating produced through nuclear waste heat recovery. In addition, we need to advance clean and low-carbon forms of heating such as heat pumps, gas, biomass energy and geothermal energy in light of local conditions.

八、加強(qiáng)綠色低碳重大科技攻關(guān)和推廣應(yīng)用
VIII. STRENGTHENING RESEARCH ON GREEN AND LOW-CARBON TECHNOLOGIES AND PROMOTING THEIR APPLICATION

（二十）強(qiáng)化基礎(chǔ)研究和前沿技術(shù)布局。制定科技支撐碳達(dá)峰、碳中和行動方案，編制碳中和技術(shù)發(fā)展路線圖。采用“揭榜掛帥”機(jī)制，開展低碳零碳負(fù)碳和儲能新材料、新技術(shù)、新裝備攻關(guān)。加強(qiáng)氣候變化成因及影響、生態(tài)系統(tǒng)碳匯等基礎(chǔ)理論和方法研究。推進(jìn)高效率太陽能電池、可再生能源制氫、可控核聚變、零碳工業(yè)流程再造等低碳前沿技術(shù)攻關(guān)。培育一批節(jié)能降碳和新能源技術(shù)產(chǎn)品研發(fā)國家重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室、國家技術(shù)創(chuàng)新中心、重大科技創(chuàng)新平臺。建設(shè)碳達(dá)峰、碳中和人才體系，鼓勵(lì)高等學(xué)校增設(shè)碳達(dá)峰、碳中和相關(guān)學(xué)科專業(yè)。
20．Strengthening basic research and research on cutting-edge technologies. We will formulate an action plan to ensure science and technology better support our endeavor to peak carbon dioxide emissions and achieve carbon neutrality and develop a technological roadmap to carbon neutrality. We will continue with the open competition mechanism to select the best candidates to lead research on low-carbon, zero-carbon and carbon-negative technologies and on new materials, technologies, and equipment for energy storage. We need to strengthen research on basic theories and methods concerning the cause and impact of climate change as well as on carbon sinks in ecosystems. We must work toward breakthroughs in cutting-edge low-carbon technologies such as high-efficiency solar batteries, hydrogen production from renewable energy sources, controlled nuclear fusion, and zero-carbon industrial process reengineering. We need to develop key national laboratories, national technological innovation centers, and major scientific and technological innovation platforms for the research and development of energy-saving, carbon-reducing, and new-energy technologies and products. We need to develop a talent pool for the task of peaking carbon dioxide emissions and achieving carbon neutrality and encourage universities and colleges to establish disciplines and majors relevant to peak carbon dioxide emissions and achieve carbon neutrality.

（二十一）加快先進(jìn)適用技術(shù)研發(fā)和推廣。深入研究支撐風(fēng)電、太陽能發(fā)電大規(guī)模友好并網(wǎng)的智能電網(wǎng)技術(shù)。加強(qiáng)電化學(xué)、壓縮空氣等新型儲能技術(shù)攻關(guān)、示范和產(chǎn)業(yè)化應(yīng)用。加強(qiáng)氫能生產(chǎn)、儲存、應(yīng)用關(guān)鍵技術(shù)研發(fā)、示范和規(guī)?；瘧?yīng)用。推廣園區(qū)能源梯級利用等節(jié)能低碳技術(shù)。推動氣凝膠等新型材料研發(fā)應(yīng)用。推進(jìn)規(guī)?；疾都门c封存技術(shù)研發(fā)、示范和產(chǎn)業(yè)化應(yīng)用。建立完善綠色低碳技術(shù)評估、交易體系和科技創(chuàng)新服務(wù)平臺。
21．Speeding up the research, development and dissemination of advanced and applicable technologies. We need to develop smart grid technologies that can support the smooth, large-scale integration of wind and solar power into the grid. We must strengthen research and industrial application of advanced energy storage technologies such as electrochemistry and compressed air energy storage. We also need to advance the research and large-scale application of key technologies for hydrogen production, storage, and application. We will promote energy-conserving and low-carbon technologies such as energy cascading utilization in industrial parks. The research and application of aerogel and other new materials will be strengthened. We will advance research, demonstration and industrial application of technologies of carbon capture, utilization and storage on a large scale. Steps should be taken to establish sound systems for the assessment and trading of green and low-carbon technologies as well as service platforms for scientific and technological innovation.