七、全面參與全球人權(quán)治理
VII. Full Participation in Global Governance of Human Rights

中國(guó)在大力推進(jìn)自身人權(quán)事業(yè)發(fā)展的同時(shí)，始終堅(jiān)持平等互信、包容互鑒、合作共贏、共同發(fā)展的理念，積極參與聯(lián)合國(guó)人權(quán)事務(wù)，認(rèn)真履行國(guó)際人權(quán)義務(wù)，廣泛開展國(guó)際人權(quán)合作，積極為全球人權(quán)治理提供中國(guó)智慧、中國(guó)方案，以實(shí)際行動(dòng)推進(jìn)全球人權(quán)治理朝著更加公正合理包容的方向發(fā)展。
While promoting the development of its own human rights, China upholds the principles of equality and mutual trust, inclusiveness and mutual learning, cooperation and mutual benefits, and common development. It has been active in UN human rights undertakings, fulfills its international human rights obligations, conducts extensive international cooperation on human rights, actively offers Chinese wisdom and solutions for global governance of human rights, and advances through concrete actions the global governance of human rights in a fairer, more rational and inclusive direction.

積極參與國(guó)際人權(quán)事業(yè)。中國(guó)在1971年恢復(fù)聯(lián)合國(guó)合法席位后，派團(tuán)參與聯(lián)合國(guó)大會(huì)和聯(lián)合國(guó)經(jīng)社理事會(huì)的歷屆會(huì)議，并積極參加有關(guān)人權(quán)議題的審議。自1979年起，中國(guó)連續(xù)3年作為觀察員出席聯(lián)合國(guó)人權(quán)委員會(huì)會(huì)議。1981年，中國(guó)在聯(lián)合國(guó)經(jīng)社理事會(huì)組織會(huì)議上當(dāng)選為人權(quán)委員會(huì)成員國(guó)。自1982年起，中國(guó)正式擔(dān)任人權(quán)委員會(huì)成員國(guó)并一直連選連任。2006年人權(quán)理事會(huì)成立以來，中國(guó)已四度當(dāng)選理事會(huì)成員。中國(guó)推薦的多名專家擔(dān)任聯(lián)合國(guó)經(jīng)社文權(quán)利委員會(huì)、禁止酷刑委員會(huì)、消除種族歧視委員會(huì)、消除對(duì)婦女歧視委員會(huì)、殘疾人權(quán)利委員會(huì)等多個(gè)多邊人權(quán)機(jī)構(gòu)或?qū)ｉT委員會(huì)的委員。
Engaging in international human rights undertakings. Since resuming its legitimate seat in the UN in 1971, China has sent delegations to every UN General Assembly and UN Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC) conference, and actively joined in the reviews of issues concerning human rights. From 1979 to 1981 China attended the annual meetings of the United Nations Commission on Human Rights (UNCHR) as an observer state. In 1981 China was elected a UNCHR member state at the ECOSOC’s Management Segment. In 1982, China became an official member state of the UNCHR and has maintained this position ever since. Since the United Nations Human Rights Council (UNHRC) was established in 2006, China has been elected as a member state four times. A number of experts recommended by China have served on multilateral human rights organizations or special commissions such as the United Nations Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, the United Nations Committee against Torture, the United Nations Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination, the United Nations Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women, and the United Nations Committee on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities.

中國(guó)同聯(lián)合國(guó)人權(quán)事務(wù)高級(jí)專員及其辦公室保持建設(shè)性接觸，先后8次接待人權(quán)高專訪華，多次邀請(qǐng)高專辦官員來華交流訪問。近年來，中國(guó)與人權(quán)高專辦兩次簽署技術(shù)合作《諒解備忘錄》，內(nèi)容涵蓋司法改革、警察與人權(quán)、人權(quán)教育、執(zhí)行人權(quán)條約等領(lǐng)域，并與人權(quán)高專辦多次共同舉辦國(guó)際人權(quán)會(huì)議。自1994年至今，中國(guó)先后邀請(qǐng)宗教信仰自由特別報(bào)告員、任意拘留問題工作組、教育權(quán)特別報(bào)告員、酷刑問題特別報(bào)告員、糧食權(quán)特別報(bào)告員、消除對(duì)婦女歧視問題工作組、外債對(duì)人權(quán)影響問題獨(dú)立專家、極端貧困與人權(quán)問題特別報(bào)告員等8個(gè)特別機(jī)制10次訪華。中國(guó)認(rèn)真對(duì)待人權(quán)理事會(huì)特別機(jī)制來函，在認(rèn)真調(diào)查的基礎(chǔ)上及時(shí)予以答復(fù)。
China maintains constructive contacts with the UN High Commissioner for Human Rights and the Office (OHCHR), receiving eight visits by high commissioners to China, and inviting many of the OHCHR officials to visit China. In recent years, China has signed two memorandums of understanding on technological cooperation concerning judicial reform, police and human rights, human rights education, and implementation of human rights treaties, and held together with the OHCHR many international conferences on human rights. Since 1994, China has invited ten visits by eight UN representatives and groups: the United Nations Special Rapporteur on Freedom of Religion or Belief, the United Nations Working Group on Arbitrary Detention, the United Nations Special Rapporteur on the Right to Education, the United Nations Special Rapporteur on Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment, the United Nations Special Rapporteur on the Right to Food, the United Nations Working Group on the issue of discrimination against women in law and in practice, the United Nations Independent Expert on the effects of foreign debt and other related international financial obligations of states on the full enjoyment of all human rights, particularly economic, social and cultural rights, and the United Nations Special Rapporteur on Extreme Poverty and Human Rights. China handles letters from the Special Procedures of the UNHRC with due attention, carrying out any necessary investigations and giving timely replies.

切實(shí)遵守國(guó)際人權(quán)義務(wù)。中國(guó)先后批準(zhǔn)或加入了26項(xiàng)國(guó)際人權(quán)文書，其中包括《經(jīng)濟(jì)、社會(huì)及文化權(quán)利國(guó)際公約》《消除對(duì)婦女一切形式歧視公約》《消除一切形式種族歧視國(guó)際公約》等6項(xiàng)聯(lián)合國(guó)核心人權(quán)條約。中國(guó)嚴(yán)格遵守條約規(guī)定，認(rèn)真履行條約義務(wù)，注重將國(guó)內(nèi)的立法、修法和政策制定等與條約規(guī)定相銜接，及時(shí)提交履約報(bào)告，全面反映中國(guó)在履約過程中取得的成就及遇到的問題。中國(guó)認(rèn)真參加各條約機(jī)構(gòu)對(duì)中國(guó)履約情況的審議，截至2019年3月，中國(guó)已向各條約機(jī)構(gòu)提交履約報(bào)告27次，總計(jì)43期，接受審議26次。中國(guó)注重與相關(guān)人權(quán)條約機(jī)構(gòu)開展建設(shè)性對(duì)話，結(jié)合國(guó)情積極采納建議。自2009年以來，中國(guó)三次接受聯(lián)合國(guó)人權(quán)理事會(huì)普遍定期審議并順利通過核可，中國(guó)對(duì)各國(guó)所提建議均給予認(rèn)真、負(fù)責(zé)任的反饋。絕大多數(shù)國(guó)家肯定中國(guó)人權(quán)發(fā)展成就和中國(guó)對(duì)世界人權(quán)事業(yè)所作的貢獻(xiàn)。
Fulfilling obligations in the international instruments on human rights. China has signed 26 international human rights instruments, including six major ones such as the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women, and the International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination. China abides by the provisions of these international conventions, fulfills all the obligations they prescribe, ensures that its policy formulation, legislation, and any amendments are consistent with these conventions, and submits periodic reports to give feedback on the progress made and any difficulties and problems encountered in implementing these international conventions. China attends all reviews from the treaty bodies on its implementation work. By March 2019, China had submitted 43 implementation reports on 27 occasions to these treaty bodies and received 26 reviews. China has conducted constructive dialogue with the relevant treaty bodies and adopted their suggestions in accordance with the actual conditions in China. China has also received three UNHRC Universal Periodic Review cycles since 2009, and the reports were adopted. China gives due attention and responsible feedback to all suggestions from other countries. Most countries have affirmed China’s achievements in this regard and its contribution to international human rights.

著力推動(dòng)國(guó)際人權(quán)規(guī)則和機(jī)制發(fā)展。中國(guó)參加了《禁止酷刑和其他殘忍、不人道或有辱人格的待遇或處罰公約》《兒童權(quán)利公約》《殘疾人權(quán)利公約》《保護(hù)所有移徙工人及其家庭成員權(quán)利國(guó)際公約》，以及《經(jīng)濟(jì)、社會(huì)及文化權(quán)利國(guó)際公約》任擇議定書等重要人權(quán)文件的制定工作組會(huì)議，為這些規(guī)則的起草、修改和完善作出重要貢獻(xiàn)。中國(guó)作為主要推動(dòng)者之一，參與了《發(fā)展權(quán)利宣言》的起草工作，積極推動(dòng)聯(lián)合國(guó)人權(quán)委員會(huì)和人權(quán)理事會(huì)就實(shí)現(xiàn)發(fā)展權(quán)問題進(jìn)行全球磋商，致力于推動(dòng)構(gòu)建發(fā)展權(quán)實(shí)施機(jī)制。中國(guó)積極參與勞工保護(hù)、人道主義等領(lǐng)域國(guó)際規(guī)則制定。中國(guó)是《聯(lián)合國(guó)氣候變化框架公約》首批締約方之一，全程參與并有效推動(dòng)氣候變化多邊進(jìn)程，為推動(dòng)達(dá)成《巴黎協(xié)定》作出積極貢獻(xiàn)。
Promoting international rules and mechanisms for protecting human rights. China has attended the meetings of the drafting groups of the Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment, the Convention on the Rights of the Child, the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, the International Convention on the Protection of the Rights of All Migrant Workers and Members of Their Families, and the Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, along with other important documents on human rights protection, making a significant contribution to drafting, revising and improving these rules. As one of the major promoters, China participated in drafting the Declaration on the Right to Development, assisting the UNCHR and the UNHRC to organize global discussions on fulfilling the right to development, and is committed to building mechanisms for actualizing the right to development. China actively participates in the formulation of international rules on labor protection and humanitarianism. China was one of the first signatories to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. It actively participated in and effectively promoted the whole multilateral process of climate change issues, and made a positive contribution to the adoption of the Paris Agreement.

中國(guó)積極推動(dòng)聯(lián)合國(guó)人權(quán)機(jī)構(gòu)改革，在設(shè)立聯(lián)合國(guó)人權(quán)理事會(huì)，使國(guó)際人權(quán)機(jī)制變得更加公正客觀透明等方面發(fā)揮了重要作用。中國(guó)聯(lián)合發(fā)展中國(guó)家一道，推動(dòng)人權(quán)理事會(huì)以公正客觀、非選擇性、普遍性等方式審議人權(quán)問題。中國(guó)支持聯(lián)合國(guó)人權(quán)理事會(huì)設(shè)立安全飲用水、文化權(quán)、殘疾人權(quán)利等專題性特別機(jī)制；倡導(dǎo)召開關(guān)于糧食安全、國(guó)際金融機(jī)制等的特別會(huì)議，積極推動(dòng)完善國(guó)際人權(quán)機(jī)制。中國(guó)支持對(duì)人權(quán)條約機(jī)構(gòu)進(jìn)行必要改革，促進(jìn)條約機(jī)構(gòu)與締約國(guó)在相互尊重的基礎(chǔ)上開展對(duì)話與合作。
China promotes the reform of UN human rights bodies, and played an important role in establishing the UNHRC and making the international human rights mechanism fairer, more objective and transparent. Together with other developing countries, it assists the UNHRC to review human rights issues in a fair, objective, nonselective and general manner. China supports the UNHRC in establishing specialized mechanisms for securing safe drinking water, cultural rights, and the rights of persons with disabilities, in calling for special conferences on food security and the global financial crisis, and in improving the international mechanisms for protecting human rights. China supports the necessary reform of the human rights treaty bodies, promoting dialogue and cooperation between the treaty bodies and signatory states on the basis of mutual respect.

倡導(dǎo)開展國(guó)際人權(quán)交流合作。中國(guó)高度重視開展人權(quán)領(lǐng)域?qū)ν饨涣鹘煌c合作，致力于在相互尊重、開放包容、交流互鑒基礎(chǔ)上開展建設(shè)性人權(quán)對(duì)話和人權(quán)磋商。自20世紀(jì)90年代起，中國(guó)陸續(xù)與20多個(gè)國(guó)家建立人權(quán)對(duì)話或磋商機(jī)制，同美國(guó)、歐盟、英國(guó)、德國(guó)、瑞士、荷蘭、澳大利亞、新西蘭等西方國(guó)家或國(guó)際組織進(jìn)行人權(quán)對(duì)話，同俄羅斯、埃及、南非、巴西、馬來西亞、巴基斯坦、白俄羅斯、古巴、非盟等開展人權(quán)磋商。自1996年以來，與澳大利亞、瑞士長(zhǎng)期開展人權(quán)技術(shù)合作。中國(guó)人權(quán)研究會(huì)等人權(quán)領(lǐng)域非政府組織組團(tuán)赴亞洲、北美、南美、歐洲、大洋洲、非洲的數(shù)十個(gè)國(guó)家交流訪問，并邀請(qǐng)多國(guó)人權(quán)領(lǐng)域的政府官員和專家學(xué)者訪華，增進(jìn)了理解與互信。近年來，中國(guó)多次舉辦國(guó)際人權(quán)研討會(huì)，“亞歐非正式人權(quán)研討會(huì)”“北京人權(quán)論壇”“紀(jì)念《發(fā)展權(quán)利宣言》通過30周年國(guó)際研討會(huì)”“南南人權(quán)論壇”“中歐人權(quán)研討會(huì)”“國(guó)際人權(quán)文博會(huì)”“中美司法與人權(quán)研討會(huì)”“中德人權(quán)研討會(huì)”，拓展了國(guó)際人權(quán)交流合作的朋友圈，增進(jìn)了在人權(quán)問題上與各國(guó)的相互了解。
Advocating and conducting international exchanges and cooperation concerning human rights. China prioritizes communication, exchanges, and cooperation with other countries in the field of human rights, and is committed to conducting constructive dialogue and consultations on human rights on the basis of mutual respect, openness, inclusiveness, communication and mutual learning. Since the 1990s, China has established dialogue and consultation mechanisms for human rights protection with more than 20 other countries. China has organized dialogues on human rights with international organizations and Western countries, including the US, the EU, the UK, Germany, Switzerland, the Netherlands, Australia, and New Zealand, and held consultations on human rights with Russia, Egypt, South Africa, Brazil, Malaysia, Pakistan, Belarus, Cuba, and the African Union. Since 1996, China has conducted technical cooperation on human rights with Australia and Switzerland. The China Society for Human Rights Studies (CSHRS) and other human rights NGOs in China have organized teams to visit dozens of countries in Asia, North America, South America, Europe, Oceania and Africa, and invited government officials, experts and academics on human rights from various countries to visit China, which has increased mutual understanding and trust. In recent years, China has hosted several international seminars on human rights, including the Informal Asia-Europe Meeting (ASEM) Seminar on Human Rights, the Beijing Forum on Human Rights, the International Seminar on the 30th Anniversary of the Adoption of the UN Declaration on the Right to Development, the South-South Human Rights Forum, the China-Europe Seminar on Human Rights, the International Seminar on Human Rights and Museology, the Sino-American Dialogue on the Rule of Law and Human Rights, and the China-Germany Seminar on Human Rights, which increased China’s circle of friends in exchange and cooperation on human rights, and enlarged mutual understanding with other countries in this regard.

積極引導(dǎo)國(guó)際人權(quán)治理變革。中國(guó)不僅注重自身人權(quán)事業(yè)的提升，也始終重視引導(dǎo)全球人權(quán)治理體系變革。1954年，中國(guó)與印度、緬甸提出互相尊重主權(quán)和領(lǐng)土完整、互不侵犯、互不干涉內(nèi)政、平等互利、和平共處五項(xiàng)原則，體現(xiàn)了對(duì)國(guó)家獨(dú)立的認(rèn)可，尊重了相關(guān)國(guó)家和人民的自主權(quán)。1955年，在中國(guó)推動(dòng)下，萬隆會(huì)議通過的《亞非會(huì)議最后公報(bào)》將“尊重基本人權(quán)”寫入和平共處十項(xiàng)原則的第一條。萬隆會(huì)議通過的十項(xiàng)原則是對(duì)和平共處五項(xiàng)原則的引申和發(fā)展。20世紀(jì)60年代興起的不結(jié)盟運(yùn)動(dòng)把五項(xiàng)原則作為指導(dǎo)原則。1970年和1974年聯(lián)合國(guó)大會(huì)通過的有關(guān)宣言接受了和平共處五項(xiàng)原則。60多年來，和平共處五項(xiàng)原則逐漸走出亞洲走向世界，為推動(dòng)建立更加公正合理的國(guó)際政治經(jīng)濟(jì)秩序、建立新型國(guó)際關(guān)系作出了歷史性貢獻(xiàn)，也為國(guó)際人權(quán)治理提供了重要遵循。
Actively leading the reform of international human rights governance. In addition to making progress in its own human rights protection, China also attaches importance to leading the reform of the international human rights governance system. In 1954, together with India and Burma, China proposed the Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence: mutual respect for each other’s territorial integrity and sovereignty, non-aggression, non-interference in each other’s internal affairs, equality and cooperation for mutual benefit, and peaceful coexistence, which embodies the acknowledgement and appreciation of national independence, and respect for the decision-making power of independent countries and their peoples. In 1955, encouraged by China, the final Communiqué of the Bandung Conference incorporated “respect for fundamental human rights” as the first point into the 10-point declaration on promotion of world peace and cooperation. The 10-point declaration passed at the Bandung Conference is a derivation and development of the Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence. The Non-Aligned Movement that rose in the 1960s set the Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence as its guideline. The declarations adopted at the 1970 and 1974 UN general assemblies accepted the Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence. Over the six decades that have since passed, the influence of the Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence has expanded from Asia to the whole world. It has made a historic contribution to building a fairer and more reasonable international political and economic order and establishing a new type of international relations, and serves as a guide for the international governance of human rights.

多年來，中國(guó)不斷總結(jié)提煉自身人權(quán)保障實(shí)踐經(jīng)驗(yàn)，向國(guó)際人權(quán)事業(yè)貢獻(xiàn)中國(guó)智慧和方案。1993年，中國(guó)推動(dòng)亞洲國(guó)家通過《曼谷宣言》。中國(guó)作為第二屆世界人權(quán)大會(huì)的副主席國(guó)，參加《維也納宣言和行動(dòng)綱領(lǐng)》的起草工作。中國(guó)提出的“發(fā)展對(duì)享有所有人權(quán)的貢獻(xiàn)”的決議在聯(lián)合國(guó)人權(quán)理事會(huì)通過，首次將“發(fā)展促進(jìn)人權(quán)”引入國(guó)際人權(quán)體系。近年來，中國(guó)提出的推動(dòng)共同構(gòu)建人類命運(yùn)共同體理念在國(guó)際社會(huì)引起熱烈反響，多次被寫入聯(lián)合國(guó)人權(quán)理事會(huì)、聯(lián)合國(guó)安理會(huì)等機(jī)構(gòu)的決議，為推動(dòng)國(guó)際人權(quán)治理向著更加公正合理包容的方向發(fā)展發(fā)揮了重要作用。
Over the years, China has kept summing up its own experience in human rights protection, and provided the international community with Chinese wisdom and solutions. In 1993, China pushed for the adoption of the Bangkok Declaration among Asian countries. Holding the vice presidency of the Second World Conference on Human Rights, China participated in drafting the Vienna Declaration and Program of Action. The UNHRC passed the resolution “The Contribution of Development to the Enjoyment of All Human Rights” submitted by China, which introduced the concept of “promoting human rights through development” into international human rights for the first time. The idea of building a global community of shared future proposed by China has elicited a positive international response. The concept has been written into many resolutions of the UNHRC, the United Nations Security Council, and some other UN organizations. It plays an important role in advancing the international governance of human rights in a fairer, more reasonable and inclusive direction.

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八、推動(dòng)世界人權(quán)事業(yè)發(fā)展
VIII. Advancing the International Cause of Human Rights

新中國(guó)成立后，中國(guó)在不斷推進(jìn)自身人權(quán)事業(yè)的同時(shí)，積極支持廣大發(fā)展中國(guó)家擺脫殖民統(tǒng)治、實(shí)現(xiàn)民族獨(dú)立、消除種族隔離的正義事業(yè)，努力提升發(fā)展中國(guó)家的發(fā)展能力、提供發(fā)展援助、進(jìn)行人道主義援助，在維護(hù)世界和平與發(fā)展、推動(dòng)國(guó)際人權(quán)事業(yè)發(fā)展進(jìn)步等方面作出了重要貢獻(xiàn)。
Since the founding of the PRC, in addition to advancing the human rights of its people, China has earnestly supported the just cause of other developing countries to break free from colonial rule, achieve national independence, and eradicate racial segregation. It has helped them to build up their capacity for development, and provided them with development assistance and humanitarian relief. These are great contribution to safeguarding world peace and development and furthering the international cause of human rights.

助力發(fā)展中國(guó)家經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)發(fā)展。中國(guó)注重推動(dòng)廣大發(fā)展中國(guó)家人民生存權(quán)、發(fā)展權(quán)的實(shí)現(xiàn)，長(zhǎng)期在基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施及教育、衛(wèi)生、農(nóng)業(yè)等領(lǐng)域向亞洲、非洲、拉丁美洲等的發(fā)展中國(guó)家和地區(qū)提供支援和幫助。中國(guó)在提供國(guó)際援助時(shí)，堅(jiān)持不附帶任何政治條件、不干涉受援國(guó)內(nèi)政，始終做到相互尊重、平等對(duì)待、重信守諾。1963年，中國(guó)首次派出援外醫(yī)療隊(duì)，截至2019年8月，已累計(jì)派遣醫(yī)療隊(duì)員2.6萬人次，診治患者2.8億人次。1964年，中國(guó)政府宣布以平等互利、不附帶條件為核心的對(duì)外經(jīng)濟(jì)技術(shù)援助八項(xiàng)原則，確立了中國(guó)開展對(duì)外援助的基本方針，在工業(yè)、農(nóng)業(yè)、教育、醫(yī)療、公共設(shè)施等各部門、各領(lǐng)域廣泛開展對(duì)外援助。中國(guó)同多個(gè)發(fā)展中國(guó)家建立了經(jīng)濟(jì)技術(shù)合作關(guān)系，援建了坦贊鐵路、毛里塔尼亞友誼港、中非友誼醫(yī)院、老撾瑯勃拉邦醫(yī)院、斯里蘭卡紀(jì)念班達(dá)拉奈克國(guó)際會(huì)議大廈、埃及開羅國(guó)際會(huì)議中心、肯尼亞國(guó)際體育中心、坦桑尼亞國(guó)家體育場(chǎng)等一批重大基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施。近年來，中國(guó)國(guó)家主席習(xí)近平等黨和國(guó)家領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人多次在國(guó)際場(chǎng)合宣布系列重大對(duì)外援助倡議和舉措。中國(guó)多次主動(dòng)免除與中國(guó)有外交關(guān)系的最不發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家、重債窮國(guó)、內(nèi)陸發(fā)展中國(guó)家、小島嶼發(fā)展中國(guó)家的債務(wù)。
Supporting economic and social development in other developing countries. To help the peoples of developing countries to realize their rights to subsistence and development, China has long provided assistance to other developing countries and regions in Asia, Africa, and Latin America in such fields as infrastructure, education, healthcare and agriculture. When providing international aid, China never imposes political conditions, nor does it interfere in the internal affairs of recipient countries. It always stands by the rules of mutual respect, each party treating the other as an equal, and keeping its commitments.
In 1963, China dispatched its first international medical aid team. By August 2019, it had dispatched 26,000 medical workers on aid missions abroad, who have treated 280 million patients. In 1964, the Chinese government announced the eight principles for foreign economic and technical aid, setting its basic policy for international assistance: these focus on equality and mutual benefit, and no conditions are attached. It has since provided international assistance that covers all sectors of economy and all fields of society, including industry, agriculture, education, medical care, and infrastructure. China has established partnerships for economic and technological cooperation with many developing peers, and helped build a significant number of infrastructure projects in these countries. Among them are the Tanzania-Zambia Railway, the Friendship Port in Mauritania, the Friendship Hospital in Central African Republic, the Luang Prabang Hospital in Laos, the Bandaranaike Memorial International Convention Hall in Sri Lanka, the Cairo International Conference Center in Egypt, the Moi International Sports Center in Kenya, and the National Stadium of Tanzania.
In recent years, President Xi and other CPC and government leaders have announced a raft of major foreign aid initiatives and measures at international events. In addition, they have offered multiple rounds of debt exemption for countries that have diplomatic relations with China – the least developed countries, heavily indebted poor countries, landlocked developing countries, and small island developing countries.

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著力提升其他發(fā)展中國(guó)家發(fā)展能力。20世紀(jì)50年代開始資助其他發(fā)展中國(guó)家學(xué)生來華學(xué)習(xí)，幫助亞洲和非洲國(guó)家建設(shè)普通和技術(shù)院校，60年代開始向發(fā)展中國(guó)家派遣援外教師，70年代至80年代以接收留學(xué)生的方式專門為受援國(guó)培養(yǎng)中高級(jí)技術(shù)和管理人才。近年來，中國(guó)先后設(shè)立南南合作援助基金、南南合作與發(fā)展學(xué)院、金磚國(guó)家經(jīng)濟(jì)技術(shù)合作交流計(jì)劃等，通過舉辦培訓(xùn)、外派管理人員和技術(shù)專家、提供獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金等方式，幫助其他發(fā)展中國(guó)家培養(yǎng)人才。為支持全球婦女事業(yè)發(fā)展，2015年，習(xí)近平主席在全球婦女峰會(huì)上宣布，邀請(qǐng)3萬名發(fā)展中國(guó)家婦女來華參加培訓(xùn)，并在當(dāng)?shù)貫榘l(fā)展中國(guó)家培訓(xùn)10萬名女性技術(shù)人員。中國(guó)發(fā)起成立亞洲基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施投資銀行、絲路基金，與其他金磚國(guó)家共同發(fā)起成立新開發(fā)銀行等國(guó)際金融機(jī)構(gòu)，充分借助上海合作組織、金磚國(guó)家等機(jī)制的帶動(dòng)作用，提出共商共建共享“一帶一路”倡議，與沿線國(guó)家或地區(qū)達(dá)成合作項(xiàng)目，主動(dòng)分享發(fā)展機(jī)遇和經(jīng)驗(yàn)，為增進(jìn)各國(guó)民生福祉作出新貢獻(xiàn)。
Helping other developing countries to build up their capacity for development. In the 1950s, China began to provide funds to people of other developing countries to study in China, and to help African and other Asian countries to build regular and technical schools. In the early 1960s, it began to dispatch teachers to other developing countries. In the 1970s and 1980s, it began to cultivate senior and mid-level technicians and managers for its aid targets by admitting their students. In recent years, China has set up the Assistance Fund for South-South Cooperation and the Institute of South-South Cooperation and Development, and launched an economic and technical cooperation plan for BRICS countries. By providing training courses, dispatching managerial and technical professionals, and offering scholarships, it helps other developing countries to cultivate talent. In support of women’s development worldwide, President Xi announced at the 2015 Global Summit of Women that China would invite 30,000 women from other developing countries to attend training in China, and would train another 100,000 female technicians in their countries. China initiated the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank and the Silk Road Fund. It also worked with other BRICS countries and established the New Development Bank and some other international financial institutions. While fully relying on mechanisms such as the Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO) and BRICS, it has proposed the Belt and Road Initiative featured with extensive consultation, joint contribution and shared benefits. Through cooperation projects with countries or regions along the routes of the Belt and Road, China shares its development opportunities and experience and thereby contributes more to improving the wellbeing of their peoples.

積極開展人道主義援助。中國(guó)的人道主義援助對(duì)象和規(guī)模不斷擴(kuò)大，同時(shí)，中國(guó)始終恪守反對(duì)人道主義干涉的原則，從不干涉被援助國(guó)內(nèi)政，充分尊重當(dāng)?shù)厝宋沫h(huán)境和風(fēng)俗習(xí)慣。中國(guó)積極參與聯(lián)合國(guó)機(jī)構(gòu)主導(dǎo)的國(guó)際人道主義活動(dòng)，1979年加入聯(lián)合國(guó)兒童基金會(huì)、世界糧食計(jì)劃署，恢復(fù)了在聯(lián)合國(guó)難民署執(zhí)委會(huì)的活動(dòng)，并多次向其捐款捐物。2004年中國(guó)建立人道主義緊急救災(zāi)援助應(yīng)急機(jī)制，向朝鮮、孟加拉國(guó)等國(guó)提供糧食等人道主義物資援助；向東南亞國(guó)家提供防治禽流感技術(shù)援助；就幾內(nèi)亞比紹蝗災(zāi)和霍亂，墨西哥甲型H1N1流感，非洲埃博拉、黃熱病、鼠疫等傳染病疫情，尼泊爾、日本、伊朗、海地、智利、厄瓜多爾、墨西哥地震，馬達(dá)加斯加、美國(guó)卡特里娜、加勒比有關(guān)國(guó)家颶風(fēng)，菲律賓超強(qiáng)臺(tái)風(fēng)海燕，印度洋海嘯、印度尼西亞巽他海嘯，馬來西亞、緬甸、巴基斯坦洪災(zāi)，老撾水電站潰壩，智利山火等提供物資、現(xiàn)匯或人員等人道主義援助。在2011年利比亞撤僑行動(dòng)中，中國(guó)協(xié)助亞洲、歐洲12個(gè)國(guó)家撤離約2100名外國(guó)公民。在2015年也門撤僑行動(dòng)中，中國(guó)協(xié)助亞洲、非洲、歐洲、美洲15個(gè)國(guó)家撤離279名外國(guó)公民。
Providing humanitarian relief. Over the past years, China’s humanitarian relief has increased, and the number of recipients has grown steadily. Throughout this process, China adheres to the principle of opposition to any interference under the pretext of humanitarianism. It never meddles in the internal affairs of recipient countries, and fully respects their culture and customs. China takes an active part in international humanitarian relief initiatives launched by UN organizations. In 1979, it joined the United Nations International Children’s Emergency Fund and World Food Program, and resumed its activities in the Executive Committee of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR). It has since made many donations to the UNHCR.
In 2004, China launched an emergency mechanism for urgent international humanitarian relief, under which it has provided relief to many countries. This relief includes food and other material assistance to the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea and Bangladesh, and technical aid to Southeast Asian countries to combat avian influenza. It also covers funding, personnel, and in-kind support to fight diseases and natural disasters:
? in Guinea-Bissau against locust plague and cholera;
? in Mexico against A/H1N1 flu;
? in Africa against Ebola, yellow fever, plague and other infectious diseases;
? in Nepal, Japan, Iran, Haiti, Chile, Ecuador and Mexico against earthquakes;
? in Madagascar and the Caribbean countries against hurricanes;
? in the US against Hurricane Katrina;
? in the Philippines against Super Typhoon Haiyan (Yolanda);
? in the Indian Ocean countries against tsunami;
? in Indonesia against 2018 Sunda Strait Tsunami;
? in Malaysia, Myanmar and Pakistan against floods;
? in Laos against a dam collapse in 2018;
? in Chile against mountain fires.
China assisted 12 Asian and European countries to extract about 2,100 of their citizens in its evacuation operation from Libya in 2011, and again helped 15 Asian, African, European, and American countries to extract 279 of their citizens in the evacuation operation from Yemen in 2015.

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努力維護(hù)世界和平與安全。作為和平共處五項(xiàng)原則的積極倡導(dǎo)者和堅(jiān)定實(shí)踐者，中國(guó)不僅自身積極奉行和平外交思想、注重與各國(guó)和平共處，而且積極倡導(dǎo)共同、綜合、合作、可持續(xù)的安全觀，致力于推動(dòng)南南合作和南北對(duì)話，努力縮小南北差距。中國(guó)在巴勒斯坦問題、伊朗核問題、朝鮮半島問題、敘利亞問題等重大國(guó)際、地區(qū)熱點(diǎn)問題上積極建言獻(xiàn)策、身體力行，呼吁各方冷靜克制，以政治外交等手段和平解決爭(zhēng)端。中國(guó)積極參與國(guó)際執(zhí)法安全合作，在聯(lián)合國(guó)、國(guó)際刑警組織、上海合作組織等國(guó)際和地區(qū)組織框架下加強(qiáng)合作，打擊一切恐怖主義、分裂主義、極端主義犯罪和毒品犯罪。中國(guó)自1990年起參加聯(lián)合國(guó)維和行動(dòng)，是聯(lián)合國(guó)安理會(huì)常任理事國(guó)中派出維和人員最多的國(guó)家，也是聯(lián)合國(guó)維和行動(dòng)第二大出資國(guó)。截至2018年5月，中國(guó)已累計(jì)向蘇丹、黎巴嫩、柬埔寨、利比亞等國(guó)家和地區(qū)派出維和軍事人員3.7萬余人次，先后派出維和警察2700余人次，參加了約30項(xiàng)聯(lián)合國(guó)維和行動(dòng)。
Safeguarding world peace and security. An active advocate and a faithful practitioner of the Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence, China pursues a foreign policy of peace and peaceful coexistence with all countries, and is also a firm advocate of common, comprehensive, cooperative and sustainable security. It is committed to advancing South-South cooperation and North-South dialogue, and to narrowing the South-North gap. China has put forward proposals and initiatives and made concrete efforts to address many major international and regional flashpoints, such as the Palestinian issue, the Iranian nuclear issue, the Korean Peninsula issue, and the Syrian issue. It calls for all parties concerned to stay calm, exercise restraint, and solve disputes by political and diplomatic means. China is also active in international cooperation on law enforcement and security. It has intensified cooperation under the framework of international and regional organizations, including the UN, the International Criminal Police Organization, and SCO, to combat terrorism, separatism, extremism, and drug-related crimes. China began to participate in UN peacekeeping operations in 1990. It now ranks first among the permanent members of the UN Security Council in terms of the number of peacekeepers dispatched, and is the second largest donor country to UN peacekeeping operations. By May 2018, China had sent more than 37,000 military and more than 2,700 police personnel to participate in about 30 UN peacekeeping missions in Sudan, Lebanon, Cambodia, Libya, and other countries and regions.

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結(jié)束語
Conclusion

新中國(guó)的70年，是為中國(guó)人民謀幸福的70年，也是為世界人民謀發(fā)展的70年。新中國(guó)人權(quán)事業(yè)發(fā)展取得的巨大成就，有目共睹，永載史冊(cè)。這是中國(guó)道路的成功，是中國(guó)人民的勝利。在慶祝中華人民共和國(guó)成立70周年之際，中國(guó)人民愿與世界各國(guó)人民一道分享成功與勝利的喜悅。
In the 70 years since its founding, the PRC has been working for the wellbeing of the people, and also for global development. Its unprecedented achievements in human rights protection have been witnessed by all and will go down in history. They represent the success of the Chinese path, a victory for the people of China. As we are celebrating the 70th anniversary of the founding of the PRC, the Chinese people are happy to share this success and victory with the peoples of the rest of the world.

當(dāng)前，在以習(xí)近平同志為核心的黨中央堅(jiān)強(qiáng)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)下，中國(guó)人民正在為實(shí)現(xiàn)“兩個(gè)一百年”奮斗目標(biāo)和中華民族偉大復(fù)興的中國(guó)夢(mèng)而努力。在未來的歲月里，隨著全面建成小康社會(huì)的實(shí)現(xiàn)，隨著國(guó)家基本實(shí)現(xiàn)現(xiàn)代化，隨著建成社會(huì)主義現(xiàn)代化強(qiáng)國(guó)，中國(guó)人民必將享有更加廣泛、更加充分的權(quán)利，中國(guó)人民必將在更高水平上實(shí)現(xiàn)全面發(fā)展。
The Chinese people are striving to achieve the Two Centenary Goals and the Chinese Dream of national rejuvenation under the leadership of the CPC Central Committee with Xi Jinping as the core. In future, as these goals are attained and China becomes a great modern socialist country, the Chinese people will certainly enjoy to the full more extensive rights and realize well-rounded development at higher levels.

在新的歷史時(shí)代，中國(guó)將秉持文明多樣和文明交流互鑒精神，與國(guó)際社會(huì)一道，推動(dòng)各國(guó)共同發(fā)展、共同繁榮，促進(jìn)世界人權(quán)事業(yè)發(fā)展，共同構(gòu)建人類命運(yùn)共同體。
In this new era, China will continue to uphold cultural diversity, communicate with and learn from other civilizations, and work with the international community for common development and prosperity, for progress in human rights worldwide, and for building a global community of shared future.

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