六、努力推動各國人權(quán)事業(yè)共同發(fā)展
VI. Facilitating the Development of Human Rights in the World

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改革開放40年來，中國在大力推進自身人權(quán)事業(yè)發(fā)展的同時，積極與世界分享人權(quán)事業(yè)發(fā)展經(jīng)驗，為各國創(chuàng)造更多的發(fā)展機遇。中國秉持共商共建共享全球治理觀，把為人類作出新的更大貢獻作為自己的使命，倡導(dǎo)并推進生存權(quán)、發(fā)展權(quán)、和平權(quán)等各項人權(quán)在世界范圍內(nèi)的實現(xiàn)，努力為世界人權(quán)事業(yè)發(fā)展作出貢獻。
Over the past 40 years of reform and opening up, China has redoubled its efforts to promote human rights, sharing its experience in this regard with the rest of the world, and creating more development opportunities for all countries. China follows the principle of achieving shared growth through discussion and collaboration in global governance, with a mission of making more and greater contributions to humanity. China values the rights to subsistence, development and peace and all other human rights, and strives to further this cause throughout the world.

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加大發(fā)展援助。多年來，中國在減貧、教育、衛(wèi)生、基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施、農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)等領(lǐng)域向亞洲、非洲等發(fā)展中國家援建的農(nóng)業(yè)、工業(yè)、交通運輸、能源電力、信息通訊等重大基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施項目，幫助發(fā)展中國家滿足基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)需求、破除發(fā)展瓶頸，在保障當?shù)孛癖娒裆鷻?quán)利實現(xiàn)方面發(fā)揮了重要作用。1950年至2016年，中國在自身長期發(fā)展水平和人民生活水平不高的情況下，累計對外提供援款4000多億元人民幣，實施各類援外項目5000多個，其中成套項目近3000個，舉辦11000多期培訓班，為發(fā)展中國家在華培訓各類人員26萬多名。截至2017年，中國先后向亞洲、非洲、拉丁美洲和加勒比、歐洲和大洋洲的72個國家和地區(qū)累計派遣醫(yī)療隊員2.5萬人次，診治患者2.8億人次，挽救了無數(shù)生命，贏得了受援國政府和人民的高度評價。
Increasing foreign assistance. Over the years, China has provided foreign assistance to Asian and African developing countries for use in poverty reduction, education, healthcare, agriculture and infrastructure, involving major construction projects in agriculture, industry, transport, energy and power, information technology and communication, helping resolve national problems and safeguard the local peoples' life needs. From 1950 to 2016, despite its own limited development and living standards, China provided RMB400 billion of foreign aid to other countries, conducted over 5,000 foreign assistance projects-of which almost 3,000 are turn-key projects-and organized 11,000 training programs in China for more than 260,000 persons from other developing countries. By 2017 China had dispatched 25,000 medical workers to 72 countries and regions in Asia, Africa, Latin America, the Caribbean, Europe and Oceania, who have treated 280 million patients and saved countless lives, winning high praise from the governments and peoples of the recipient countries.

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提升發(fā)展能力。中國國家主席習近平近年來多次在國際場合宣布一系列重大對外援助倡議和舉措，充分彰顯了中國促進人類共同發(fā)展的大國責任和歷史擔當。中國在南南合作框架下穩(wěn)步擴大對其他發(fā)展中國家的援助規(guī)模，注重打造或提升區(qū)域合作平臺，充分借助上海合作組織、金磚國家、中國－東盟（10+1）會議、中國東盟博覽會、瀾滄江－湄公河合作機制以及中非合作論壇、中拉論壇、中阿合作論壇等機制的帶動作用，不斷提升各國發(fā)展能力。中國提出“一帶一路”倡議，發(fā)起成立亞洲基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施投資銀行和新開發(fā)銀行，設(shè)立絲路基金和南南合作援助基金，設(shè)立中國國際發(fā)展知識中心，設(shè)立南南合作與發(fā)展學院，支持和幫助受援國增強自主發(fā)展能力、減少貧困、改善民生、保護環(huán)境，為各國人民發(fā)展權(quán)的實現(xiàn)創(chuàng)造更好條件。中國在吉布提、斯里蘭卡科倫坡、馬來西亞關(guān)丹的港口、產(chǎn)業(yè)、城市融合發(fā)展模式得到沿線國家的積極認同。穩(wěn)步加大對外援助培訓力度，通過舉辦培訓班、派出管理人員和技術(shù)專家、派出青年志愿者、提供獎學金名額等方式，為發(fā)展中國家舉辦各類政府官員研修、學歷學位教育、實用技術(shù)培訓以及其他人員交流項目，及時分享發(fā)展經(jīng)驗和實用技術(shù)。2013年至2017年間，在“一帶一路”沿線國家建設(shè)的經(jīng)貿(mào)合作區(qū)，帶動東道國就業(yè)超過20萬人?！爸蟹鞘蠛献饔媱潯毕嚓P(guān)項目實施后，將幫助非洲新增約3萬公里的公路里程、超過900萬噸/日的清潔用水處理能力，為非洲國家創(chuàng)造近90萬個就業(yè)崗位。其中，蒙內(nèi)鐵路自2017年開通后，拉動肯尼亞國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值增長1.5%至2%。
Improving development capacity. In recent years, President Xi Jinping has announced a raft of foreign assistance initiatives and measures, which fully demonstrate that China as a major country lives up to its responsibility for advancing the interests of humanity. Within the framework of South-South cooperation China has steadily expanded its assistance to other developing countries, with more efforts to build and improve platforms for regional cooperation, while fully relying on mechanisms such as the Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO), BRICS, the ASEAN Plus China (10+1) Summit, China-ASEAN Expo (CAEXPO), Lancang-Mekong Cooperation (LMC), the Forum on China-Africa Cooperation (FOCAC), China-CELAC Forum, and China-Arab States Cooperation Forum (CASCF). All are designed to improve the development capacity of the countries involved. China has proposed the Belt and Road Initiative, initiated the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB) and the New Development Bank (NDB) for development projects in BRICS, set up the Silk Road Fund and the Assistance Fund for South-South Cooperation, and founded the Center for International Knowledge on Development (CIKD) and the Institute of South-South Cooperation and Development (ISSCAD). All the above are aimed to encourage the recipient countries to enhance their capacity for self-development, reduce poverty, improve their people's living standards, and protect the environment. The port-industry-city integrated development model, initiated by China and adopted by Djibouti, Colombo in Sri Lanka and Kuantan in Malaysia, has been welcomed by these Belt and Road countries. China is steadily increasing foreign assistance training. By organizing training courses, dispatching management personnel, technical professionals and young volunteers, and offering scholarships, China has provided advanced study and training for government officials, higher education degree and diploma programs, and technical training and exchange programs for various kinds of personnel from other developing countries, to share development experience and technologies in a timely manner. From 2013 to 2017, by establishing economic and trade cooperation zones in the Belt and Road countries, China helped create more than 200,000 jobs in the host countries. Once the 10 major China-Africa cooperation programs are in place, they will help Africa add a total highway length of nearly 30,000 km, add clean water treatment capacity of over 9 million tons/day, and create about 900,000 jobs. The Mombasa-Nairobi Standard Gauge Railway (SGR), which opened to traffic in 2017, has helped increase Kenya's GDP by 1.5-2 percent.

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開展人道救援。改革開放之初，中國的人道主義援助以支援發(fā)展中國家應(yīng)對嚴重自然災(zāi)害為主，其中包括向遭受嚴重旱災(zāi)的一大批非洲國家、遭受特大風災(zāi)的孟加拉國等國提供緊急援助。2001年以來，中國逐漸加大對國際人道主義援助體系的參與度，積極參與聯(lián)合國機構(gòu)主導(dǎo)的國際人道主義援助活動，援助規(guī)模逐年擴大。自2004年以來，中國累計提供國際人道主義援助300余次，平均年增長率為29.4%。所提供援助包括向東南亞國家提供防治禽流感技術(shù)援助；就幾內(nèi)亞比紹蝗災(zāi)和霍亂，墨西哥甲型H1N1流感，非洲埃博拉、黃熱病、鼠疫等傳染病疫情，伊朗、海地、智利、厄瓜多爾、墨西哥地震，馬達加斯加颶風，印度洋海嘯，巴基斯坦洪災(zāi)，美國卡特里娜颶風，智利山火，加勒比有關(guān)國家颶風等提供物資、現(xiàn)匯和人員等人道主義援助等；向朝鮮、孟加拉國、尼泊爾等國提供糧食等人道主義物資援助。2014年3月西非多國爆發(fā)埃博拉疫情，中國向受災(zāi)地區(qū)提供四輪援助，總額達7.5億元人民幣，派出專家和醫(yī)護人員累計超過1000人次。中國不斷制定并完善有關(guān)國際人道主義救援法律法規(guī)和工作機制，重視加強與聯(lián)合國機構(gòu)和民間組織在人道主義援助領(lǐng)域的合作。1979年中國加入聯(lián)合國兒童基金會、世界糧食計劃署，恢復(fù)了在聯(lián)合國難民署執(zhí)委會的活動，并多次向其捐款捐物。中國紅十字會、中華慈善總會、中國福利會、中國扶貧基金會等社會團體、民間組織和一些企業(yè)甚至個人都參與其中，切實向國際社會傳達中國積極參與國際人道主義救援、切實維護人權(quán)的真實愿望。
Providing humanitarian relief. In the early days of reform and opening up, China's humanitarian relief focused on helping other developing countries respond to severe natural disasters. This included emergency aid to a number of African countries stricken by severe droughts and to Bangladesh hit by windstorms. After 2001, China increased its participation in international humanitarian relief, taking an active part in activities launched by UN organizations and expanding its share of aid year by year.

Since 2004, China had provided over 300 international humanitarian relief programs, with an average annual growth rate of 29.4 percent. These relief programs mainly comprise:

? technical aid to Southeast Asian countries against avian influenza;

? material and personnel assistance and assistance in cash

? to Guinea-Bissau against locust plague and cholera,

? to Mexico against A/H1N1 flu,

? to Africa against Ebola, yellow fever, plague and other infectious diseases,

? to Iran, Haiti, Chile, Ecuador and Mexico against earthquakes,

? to Madagascar against hurricanes,

? to Indian Ocean countries against tsunami,

? to Pakistan against floods,

? to the US against Hurricane Katrina,

? to Chile against mountain fires,

? to the Caribbean countries against hurricanes;

? food and goods assistance to the DPRK, Bangladesh and Nepal.

In March 2014 when Ebola broke out in many West African countries, China provided four rounds of humanitarian relief, with a total value of RMB750 million, and deployed more than 1,000 experts and medical workers.

China has enacted laws and regulations on international humanitarian relief and improving its related working mechanisms, and forged stronger cooperation on humanitarian relief with UN organizations and NGOs. In 1979, China joined the United Nations International Children's Emergency Fund (UNICEF) and World Food Program (WFP), resumed its activities in the Executive Committee of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) and made many donations to the UNHCR. The Red Cross Society of China (RCSC), China Charity Federation (CCF), China Welfare Institute (CWI), China Foundation for Poverty Alleviation (CFPA) and private charities, along with legal persons of certain enterprises and societies in China, have all engaged in international humanitarian relief, demonstrating to the international community China's sincere desire to engage in international humanitarian relief and to protect human rights through tangible actions.

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維護世界和平。中國始終致力于與各國共同維護國際和平，支持國際和地區(qū)反恐合作，為世界人權(quán)事業(yè)發(fā)展營造和平和諧的環(huán)境，以和平促進發(fā)展，以發(fā)展鞏固和平，為和平權(quán)的實現(xiàn)作出了重要貢獻。近年來，中國努力為解決地區(qū)熱點問題提供方案，在巴勒斯坦問題上多次提出主張和倡議，深度參與伊朗核問題談判，積極斡旋南蘇丹國內(nèi)和解，努力推動敘利亞問題政治解決，推動阿富汗政府與塔利班開啟和談，推動朝鮮半島問題政治解決進程。中國堅定支持并積極參與聯(lián)合國維和行動。1990年4月，中國首次向聯(lián)合國停戰(zhàn)監(jiān)督組織派遣5名軍事觀察員，這標志著中國開始正式參與聯(lián)合國維和行動。截至2018年5月，中國累計向蘇丹、黎巴嫩、柬埔寨、利比里亞等國家和地區(qū)派出維和軍事人員3.7萬余人次，先后派出維和警察2700余人次,參加了約30項聯(lián)合國維和行動，是聯(lián)合國安理會常任理事國中派出維和人員最多的國家，是聯(lián)合國維和行動第二大出資國。2017年9月，中國完成8000人規(guī)模維和待命部隊在聯(lián)合國的注冊工作。這是中國履行大國責任，以實際行動兌現(xiàn)支持聯(lián)合國維和行動承諾的重要舉措，也是推進世界人權(quán)事業(yè)發(fā)展的重要舉措。
Safeguarding world peace. China, along with other countries, is constantly committed to maintaining world peace, supporting international and regional anti-terror cooperation, and creating a peaceful and harmonious environment for the development of human rights in the world. China has made a significant contribution to the right to peace by promoting development with peace and by consolidating peace through development. In recent years, China has provided solutions to regional flashpoint issues: putting forward proposals and initiatives for the Palestinian issue on many occasions; engaging in serious negotiations on the Iranian nuclear issue; actively mediating for the national reconciliation in South Sudan; pressing for a political settlement to the Syrian issue; promoting peace negotiations between the Afghan government and Taliban; and facilitating the political settlement of the Korean Peninsula issue. China has firmly supported and vigorously participated in UN peacekeeping operations. In April 1990, China dispatched the first five military observers to the United Nations Truce Supervision Organization (UNTSO), marking China's official participation in UN peacekeeping operations. By May 2018, China had dispatched 37,000 military and 2,700 police personnel to participate in 30 UN peacekeeping missions in Sudan, Lebanon, Cambodia, Liberia and other countries and regions. China ranks first in terms of the number of peacekeepers among the permanent members of the UN Security Council, and is the second largest donor country to UN peacekeeping operations. In September 2017, China completed the registration of 8,000 standby peacekeeping forces in the UN. These are the significant measures by which China has met its responsibilities as a major country, fulfilled its promise to support UN peacekeeping operations with concrete actions, and promoted the cause of human rights throughout the world.