二、新時代中國防御性國防政策
II. China’s Defensive National Defense Policy in the New Era

中國的社會主義國家性質(zhì)，走和平發(fā)展道路的戰(zhàn)略抉擇，獨立自主的和平外交政策，“和為貴”的中華文化傳統(tǒng)，決定了中國始終不渝奉行防御性國防政策。
The socialist system of China, the strategic decision to follow the path of peaceful development, the independent foreign policy of peace, and the best of cultural traditions – considering peace and harmony as fundamentals – determine that China will pursue a national defense policy that is defensive in nature.

堅決捍衛(wèi)國家主權(quán)、安全、發(fā)展利益
Resolutely Safeguarding China’s Sovereignty, Security and Development Interests

這是新時代中國國防的根本目標(biāo)。
This is the fundamental goal of China’s national defense in the new era.
China’s national defense aims:

懾止和抵抗侵略，保衛(wèi)國家政治安全、人民安全和社會穩(wěn)定，反對和遏制“臺獨”，打擊“藏獨”“東突”等分裂勢力，保衛(wèi)國家主權(quán)、統(tǒng)一、領(lǐng)土完整和安全。維護(hù)國家海洋權(quán)益，維護(hù)國家在太空、電磁、網(wǎng)絡(luò)空間等安全利益，維護(hù)國家海外利益，支撐國家可持續(xù)發(fā)展。
??to deter and resist aggression;
??to safeguard national political security, the people’s security and social stability;
??to oppose and contain “Taiwan independence”;
??to crack down on proponents of separatist movements such as “Tibet independence” and the creation of “East Turkistan”;
??to safeguard national sovereignty, unity, territorial integrity and security;
??to safeguard China’s maritime rights and interests;
??to safeguard China’s security interests in outer space, electromagnetic space and cyberspace;
??to safeguard China’s overseas interests; and
??to support the sustainable development of the country.

中國堅定維護(hù)國家主權(quán)和領(lǐng)土完整。南海諸島、釣魚島及其附屬島嶼是中國固有領(lǐng)土。中國在南海島礁進(jìn)行基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)，部署必要的防御性力量，在東海釣魚島海域進(jìn)行巡航，是依法行使國家主權(quán)。中國致力于同直接有關(guān)的當(dāng)事國在尊重歷史事實和國際法的基礎(chǔ)上，通過談判協(xié)商解決有關(guān)爭議。中國堅持同地區(qū)國家一道維護(hù)和平穩(wěn)定，堅定維護(hù)各國依據(jù)國際法所享有的航行和飛越自由，維護(hù)海上通道安全。
China resolutely safeguards its national sovereignty and territorial integrity. The South China Sea islands and Diaoyu Islands are inalienable parts of the Chinese territory. China exercises its national sovereignty to build infrastructure and deploy necessary defensive capabilities on the islands and reefs in the South China Sea, and to conduct patrols in the waters of Diaoyu Islands in the East China Sea. China is committed to resolving related disputes through negotiations with those states directly involved on the basis of respecting historical facts and international law. China continues to work with regional countries to jointly maintain peace and stability. It firmly upholds freedom of navigation and overflight by all countries in accordance with international law and safeguards the security of sea lines of communication (SLOCs).

解決臺灣問題，實現(xiàn)國家完全統(tǒng)一，是中華民族的根本利益，是實現(xiàn)中華民族偉大復(fù)興的必然要求。中國堅持“和平統(tǒng)一、一國兩制”方針，推動兩岸關(guān)系和平發(fā)展，推進(jìn)中國和平統(tǒng)一進(jìn)程，堅決反對一切分裂中國的圖謀和行徑，堅決反對任何外國勢力干涉。中國必須統(tǒng)一，也必然統(tǒng)一。中國有堅定決心和強(qiáng)大能力維護(hù)國家主權(quán)和領(lǐng)土完整，決不允許任何人、任何組織、任何政黨、在任何時候、以任何形式、把任何一塊中國領(lǐng)土從中國分裂出去。我們不承諾放棄使用武力，保留采取一切必要措施的選項，針對的是外部勢力干涉和極少數(shù)“臺獨”分裂分子及其分裂活動，絕非針對臺灣同胞。如果有人要把臺灣從中國分裂出去，中國軍隊將不惜一切代價，堅決予以挫敗，捍衛(wèi)國家統(tǒng)一。
To solve the Taiwan question and achieve complete reunification of the country is in the fundamental interests of the Chinese nation and essential to realizing national rejuvenation. China adheres to the principles of “peaceful reunification”, and “one country, two systems”, promotes peaceful development of cross-Strait relations, and advances peaceful reunification of the country. Meanwhile, China resolutely opposes any attempts or actions to split the country and any foreign interference to this end. China must be and will be reunited. China has the firm resolve and the ability to safeguard national sovereignty and territorial integrity, and will never allow the secession of any part of its territory by anyone, any organization or any political party by any means at any time. We make no promise to renounce the use of force, and reserve the option of taking all necessary measures. This is by no means targeted at our compatriots in Taiwan, but at the interference of external forces and the very small number of “Taiwan independence” separatists and their activities. The PLA will resolutely defeat anyone attempting to separate Taiwan from China and safeguard national unity at all costs.

堅持永不稱霸、永不擴(kuò)張、永不謀求勢力范圍
Never Seeking Hegemony, Expansion or Spheres of Influence

這是新時代中國國防的鮮明特征。
This is the distinctive feature of China’s national defense in the new era.

國雖大，好戰(zhàn)必亡。中華民族歷來愛好和平。近代以來，中國人民飽受侵略和戰(zhàn)亂之苦，深感和平之珍貴、發(fā)展之迫切，決不會把自己經(jīng)受過的悲慘遭遇強(qiáng)加于人。新中國成立70年來，中國沒有主動挑起過任何一場戰(zhàn)爭和沖突。改革開放以來，中國致力于促進(jìn)世界和平，主動裁減軍隊員額400余萬。中國由積貧積弱發(fā)展成為世界第二大經(jīng)濟(jì)體，靠的不是別人的施舍，更不是軍事擴(kuò)張和殖民掠奪，而是人民勤勞、維護(hù)和平。中國既通過維護(hù)世界和平為自身發(fā)展創(chuàng)造有利條件，又通過自身發(fā)展促進(jìn)世界和平，真誠希望所有國家都選擇和平發(fā)展道路，共同防范沖突和戰(zhàn)爭。
Though a country may become strong, bellicosity will lead to its ruin. The Chinese nation has always loved peace. Since the beginning of modern times, the Chinese people have suffered from aggressions and wars, and have learned the value of peace and the pressing need for development. Therefore, China will never inflict such sufferings on any other country. Since its founding 70 years ago, the People’s Republic of China (PRC) has never started any war or conflict. Since the introduction of reform and opening-up, China has been committed to promoting world peace, and has voluntarily downsized the PLA by over 4 million troops. China has grown from a poor and weak country to be the world’s second largest economy neither by receiving handouts from others nor by engaging in military expansion or colonial plunder. Instead, it has developed through its people’s hard work and its efforts to maintain peace. China has made every effort to create favorable conditions for its development through maintaining world peace, and has equally endeavored to promote world peace through its own development. China sincerely hopes that all countries will choose the path of peaceful development and jointly prevent conflicts and wars.

中國堅持在和平共處五項原則基礎(chǔ)上發(fā)展同各國的友好合作，尊重各國人民自主選擇發(fā)展道路的權(quán)利，主張通過平等對話和談判協(xié)商解決國際爭端，反對干涉別國內(nèi)政，反對恃強(qiáng)凌弱，反對把自己的意志強(qiáng)加于人。中國堅持結(jié)伴不結(jié)盟，不參加任何軍事集團(tuán)，反對侵略擴(kuò)張，反對動輒使用武力或以武力相威脅。中國的國防建設(shè)和發(fā)展，始終著眼于滿足自身安全的正當(dāng)需要，始終是世界和平力量的增長。歷史已經(jīng)并將繼續(xù)證明，中國決不走追逐霸權(quán)、“國強(qiáng)必霸”的老路。無論將來發(fā)展到哪一步，中國都不會威脅誰，都不會謀求建立勢力范圍。
China is committed to developing friendly cooperation with all countries on the basis of the Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence. It respects the rights of all peoples to independently choose their own development path, and stands for the settlement of international disputes through equal dialogue, negotiation and consultation. China is opposed to interference in the internal affairs of others, abuse of the weak by the strong, and any attempt to impose one’s will on others. China advocates partnerships rather than alliances and does not join any military bloc. It stands against aggression and expansion, and opposes arbitrary use or threat of arms. The development of China’s national defense aims to meet its rightful security needs and contribute to the growth of the world’s peaceful forces. History proves and will continue to prove that China will never follow the beaten track of big powers in seeking hegemony. No matter how it might develop, China will never threaten any other country or seek any sphere of influence.

貫徹落實新時代軍事戰(zhàn)略方針
Implementing the Military Strategic Guideline for a New Era

這是新時代中國國防的戰(zhàn)略指導(dǎo)。
This is the strategic guidance for China’s national defense in the new era.

新時代軍事戰(zhàn)略方針，堅持防御、自衛(wèi)、后發(fā)制人原則，實行積極防御，堅持“人不犯我、我不犯人，人若犯我、我必犯人”，強(qiáng)調(diào)遏制戰(zhàn)爭與打贏戰(zhàn)爭相統(tǒng)一，強(qiáng)調(diào)戰(zhàn)略上防御與戰(zhàn)役戰(zhàn)斗上進(jìn)攻相統(tǒng)一。
The military strategic guideline for a new era adheres to the principles of defense, self-defense and post-strike response, and adopts active defense. It keeps to the stance that “we will not attack unless we are attacked, but we will surely counterattack if attacked”, places emphasis on both containing and winning wars, and underscores the unity of strategic defense and offense at operational and tactical levels.

貫徹落實新時代軍事戰(zhàn)略方針，服從服務(wù)黨和國家戰(zhàn)略全局，落實總體國家安全觀，強(qiáng)化憂患意識、危機(jī)意識、打仗意識，積極適應(yīng)戰(zhàn)略競爭新格局、國家安全新需求、現(xiàn)代戰(zhàn)爭新形態(tài)，有效履行新時代軍隊使命任務(wù)。根據(jù)國家面臨的安全威脅，扎實做好軍事斗爭準(zhǔn)備，全面提高新時代備戰(zhàn)打仗能力，構(gòu)建立足防御、多域統(tǒng)籌、均衡穩(wěn)定的新時代軍事戰(zhàn)略布局。堅持全民國防，創(chuàng)新人民戰(zhàn)爭的戰(zhàn)略戰(zhàn)術(shù)和內(nèi)容方法，充分發(fā)揮人民戰(zhàn)爭整體威力。
Implementing the military strategic guideline for a new era, China’s armed forces strive to keep in alignment with and contribute to the general strategies of the Communist Party of China (CPC) and the country, adopt a holistic approach to national security, strengthen the awareness of potential dangers, crises and wars, and actively adapt to the new landscape of strategic competition, the new demands of national security, and new developments in modern warfare, so as to effectively fulfill their tasks and missions in the new era. To respond to the security threats facing the country, China’s armed forces take solid steps to strengthen military preparedness and comprehensively enhance combat capabilities for the new era. Efforts have been made to build the military strategy into a balanced and stable one for the new era, which focuses on defense and coordinates multiple domains. Based on the idea that China’s national defense is the responsibility of all Chinese people, China’s armed forces give full play to the overall power of the people’s war by innovating in its strategies, tactics and measures.

中國始終奉行在任何時候和任何情況下都不首先使用核武器、無條件不對無核武器國家和無核武器區(qū)使用或威脅使用核武器的核政策，主張最終全面禁止和徹底銷毀核武器，不會與任何國家進(jìn)行核軍備競賽，始終把自身核力量維持在國家安全需要的最低水平。中國堅持自衛(wèi)防御核戰(zhàn)略，目的是遏制他國對中國使用或威脅使用核武器，確保國家戰(zhàn)略安全。
China is always committed to a nuclear policy of no first use of nuclear weapons at any time and under any circumstances, and not using or threatening to use nuclear weapons against non-nuclear-weapon states or nuclear-weapon-free zones unconditionally. China advocates the ultimate complete prohibition and thorough destruction of nuclear weapons. China does not engage in any nuclear arms race with any other country and keeps its nuclear capabilities at the minimum level required for national security. China pursues a nuclear strategy of self-defense, the goal of which is to maintain national strategic security by deterring other countries from using or threatening to use nuclear weapons against China.

堅持走中國特色強(qiáng)軍之路
Continuing to Strengthen the Military in the Chinese Way

這是新時代中國國防的發(fā)展路徑。
This is the path forward for China’s national defense in the new era.

建設(shè)同國際地位相稱、同國家安全和發(fā)展利益相適應(yīng)的鞏固國防和強(qiáng)大軍隊，是中國社會主義現(xiàn)代化建設(shè)的戰(zhàn)略任務(wù)，是堅持走和平發(fā)展道路的安全保障，是總結(jié)歷史經(jīng)驗的必然選擇。
Building a fortified national defense and a strong military commensurate with the country’s international standing and its security and development interests is a strategic task for China’s socialist modernization. Drawing lessons from history, China strengthens its national defense and military to provide security guarantee for its peaceful development.

新時代中國國防和軍隊建設(shè)，深入貫徹習(xí)近平強(qiáng)軍思想，深入貫徹習(xí)近平軍事戰(zhàn)略思想，堅持政治建軍、改革強(qiáng)軍、科技興軍、依法治軍，聚焦能打仗、打勝仗，推動機(jī)械化信息化融合發(fā)展，加快軍事智能化發(fā)展，構(gòu)建中國特色現(xiàn)代軍事力量體系，完善和發(fā)展中國特色社會主義軍事制度，不斷提高履行新時代使命任務(wù)的能力。
To strengthen China’s national defense and military in the new era, it is imperative to comprehensively implement Xi Jinping’s thinking on strengthening the military, thoroughly deliver on Xi Jinping’s thinking on military strategy, continue to enhance the political loyalty of the armed forces, strengthen them through reform and technology, run them in accordance with the law, and focus on the capabilities to fight and win. Efforts will be made to advance the integrated development of mechanization and informationization, speed up the development of intelligent military, create a modernized military force structure with Chinese characteristics, improve and develop socialist military institutions with Chinese features, and constantly enhance the capabilities to fulfill the missions and tasks in the new era.

新時代中國國防和軍隊建設(shè)的戰(zhàn)略目標(biāo)是，到2020年基本實現(xiàn)機(jī)械化，信息化建設(shè)取得重大進(jìn)展，戰(zhàn)略能力有大的提升。同國家現(xiàn)代化進(jìn)程相一致，全面推進(jìn)軍事理論現(xiàn)代化、軍隊組織形態(tài)現(xiàn)代化、軍事人員現(xiàn)代化、武器裝備現(xiàn)代化，力爭到2035年基本實現(xiàn)國防和軍隊現(xiàn)代化，到本世紀(jì)中葉把人民軍隊全面建成世界一流軍隊。
The strategic goals for the development of China’s national defense and military in the new era are:
??to generally achieve mechanization by the year 2020 with significantly enhanced informationization and greatly improved strategic capabilities;
??to comprehensively advance the modernization of military theory, organizational structure, military personnel, and weaponry and equipment in step with the modernization of the country and basically complete the modernization of national defense and the military by 2035; and
??to fully transform the people’s armed forces into world-class forces by the mid-21st century.

服務(wù)構(gòu)建人類命運共同體
In the Service of Building of a Community with a Shared Future for Mankind

這是新時代中國國防的世界意義。
This is the global significance of China’s national defense in the new era.

中國人民的夢想與世界人民的夢想息息相通。一個和平穩(wěn)定繁榮的中國，是世界的機(jī)遇和福祉。一支強(qiáng)大的中國軍隊，是維護(hù)世界和平穩(wěn)定、服務(wù)構(gòu)建人類命運共同體的堅定力量。
The dream of the Chinese people is closely connected with the dreams of peoples around the world. Peace, stability and prosperity in China present opportunities and benefits to the rest of the world. A strong military of China is a staunch force for world peace, stability and the building of a community with a shared future for mankind.

中國軍隊堅持共同、綜合、合作、可持續(xù)的安全觀，秉持正確義利觀，積極參與全球安全治理體系改革，深化雙邊和多邊安全合作，促進(jìn)不同安全機(jī)制間協(xié)調(diào)包容、互補(bǔ)合作，營造平等互信、公平正義、共建共享的安全格局。
China’s armed forces advocate common, comprehensive, cooperative and sustainable security, uphold justice while pursuing shared interests, and actively participate in the reform of global security governance system. Efforts are made to deepen bilateral and multilateral security cooperation, promote a coordinated, inclusive and complementary cooperation among security mechanisms, and contribute to a security architecture featuring equality, mutual trust, fairness, justice, joint contribution and shared benefits.

中國軍隊堅持履行國際責(zé)任和義務(wù)，始終高舉合作共贏的旗幟，在力所能及的范圍內(nèi)向國際社會提供更多公共安全產(chǎn)品，積極參加國際維和、海上護(hù)航、人道主義救援等行動，加強(qiáng)國際軍控和防擴(kuò)散合作，建設(shè)性參與熱點問題的政治解決，共同維護(hù)國際通道安全，合力應(yīng)對恐怖主義、網(wǎng)絡(luò)安全、重大自然災(zāi)害等全球性挑戰(zhàn)，積極為構(gòu)建人類命運共同體貢獻(xiàn)力量。
Committed to the principle of win-win cooperation, China’s armed forces will fulfill their international responsibilities and obligations, and provide more public security goods to the international community to the best of their capacity. They actively participate in the UN peacekeeping operations (UNPKOs), vessel protection operations, and international efforts in humanitarian assistance and disaster relief (HADR), strengthen international cooperation in arms control and non-proliferation, play a constructive role in the political settlement of hotspot issues, jointly maintain the security of international passages, and make concerted efforts to respond to global challenges such as terrorism, cyber security and major natural disasters, thus making a positive contribution to building a community with a shared future for mankind.